CN100548452C - 一种薄膜过滤系统以及控制薄膜过滤系统中积垢的方法 - Google Patents

一种薄膜过滤系统以及控制薄膜过滤系统中积垢的方法 Download PDF

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CN100548452C
CN100548452C CN200580034576.9A CN200580034576A CN100548452C CN 100548452 C CN100548452 C CN 100548452C CN 200580034576 A CN200580034576 A CN 200580034576A CN 100548452 C CN100548452 C CN 100548452C
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membrane filtration
filtration system
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continuous variable
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CN101039740A (zh
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查富芳
沃伦·T·约翰逊
托马斯·W·贝克
罗杰·W·费尔普斯
埃蒂安·U·布鲁瓦
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Siemens Industry Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/024—Hollow fibre modules with a single potted end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
    • B01D63/046—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies in separate housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/18—Specific valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/26—Specific gas distributors or gas intakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
    • B01D2321/2066—Pulsated flow

Abstract

一种控制薄膜过滤系统(5)中积垢的方法，所述系统为使用气体清洗或冲刷薄膜(6)的类型，其中所述方法包括以连续可变的流量给该系统提供气体。本申请还涉及一种薄膜过滤系统，包括：一个或多个薄膜；用于提供气流以形成冲刷薄膜表面的气泡的气体源，其中所述气体源以连续可变的流量提供所述气流。

Description

一种薄膜过滤系统以及控制薄膜过滤系统中积垢的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜过滤系统，并且更特别地，涉及使用曝气控制该系统中薄膜的积垢。
背景技术
在浸水或沉浸式薄膜过滤系统中，通常连续曝气进行偏压以控制积垢，所述曝气使用气体，通常为空气。这种情况尤其出现在污水生物反应器中。其他现有技术中的系统使用其后为较小气流或无气流的高速气流的循环。还可使用液体/气体混合物冲刷薄膜，从而使耗气量减少。
利用该循环方法存在一些问题：
1.循环频率通常极高，这不利于使气体在过程中长时间关闭，因为积垢在该阶段迅速增加。高循环频率增大了对阀的磨损，所述阀需要在多个腔室(cells)或薄膜箱(tank)之间循环，以使来自鼓风机的总气流保持大致恒定。还对阀可以在开关之间以多快的速度进行循环存在实际的限制，其由阀设计和加速气流所需时间的限制引起。
2.当气体对一个腔室而言关闭时，它为污泥提供了回流到曝气装置中的可能，可以造成曝气装置随时间而堵塞。
3.循环之间的时间越长，增加积垢以及污泥缺氧的可能性越大。
发明内容
根据一个方面，本发明提供了一种控制薄膜过滤系统中积垢的方法，所述系统为使用气体清洗或冲刷薄膜的类型，其中所述方法包括以连续可变的流量(flow rate)给该系统提供气体。
作为参考，所述系统包括多个组件，并且供应给每个组件的气体具有连续可变的流量。可选地，所述系统可以包括多套组件，并且供应给每套组件的气体具有连续可变的流量。选择性地，所述系统可以包括多个薄膜箱，其中每个箱容纳成套的组件。供应给每个薄膜箱和位于其中的成套组件的气体具有连续可变的流量。
优选地，连续可变的气体流量从高流量向低流量(或向0)变动。作为参考，气流的流量图案是实现该结果的任何连续可变的曲线，例如正弦曲线波或三角波。变化的气流不仅提供了正常的清洗作用，而且已经发现气流的不稳定性提供了附加的清洗作用，其由固有的流量浪涌引起。
根据另一方面，本发明提供了一种薄膜过滤系统，包括：一个或多个薄膜；用于提供气流以形成冲刷薄膜表面的气泡的气体源，其中所述气体源以连续可变的流量提供所述气流。
在一种形式中，所述气体源经流量控制装置与过滤系统相连，并且所述流量控制装置连续改变流量。在另一种形式中，例如通过鼓风机中的驱动速度使气体供应本身改变。也可以使用已知阀组件的不同组合提供连续改变的流量。
本发明可以应用于各种薄膜过滤系统，尤其适用于浸水或沉浸式薄膜，并且可在加压和非加压系统中使用。
根据另一方面，本发明提供了一种用于控制薄膜过滤系统中的曝气气体流量的流量控制装置，所述流量控制装置包括具有进口和一个或多个出口的壳体，和用于从所述进口给所述一个或多个出口提供连续可变流体的可动阀构件。
所述壳体还可以具有多个进口。
在薄膜过滤系统内部使用多个薄膜组件或腔室的情况下，流量控制装置可具有连接到相关组件上的分开的出口，这样，当流量对一个或多个组件来说增大时，所述流量对于另一个或多个组件而言减小。
优选地，所述流量控制装置为旋转阀或往复阀。
所述流量控制装置还可以给一个位置提供可变的气体分配。分配给每个出口的气体可以具有连续变化的流量或开/关流量。流量控制装置的特征在于，它以连续转动的方式，而不是开/关静态方式工作。在本申请中，流量控制装置用于给一个或多个位置提供连续可变的气体流量。
在优选方式中，回转阀由三个主要部分组成，分别为阀壳、旋转配流器和驱动电机。所述阀壳安装到电机上并且包括阀的进口和出口。所述配流器位于所述阀壳内部并且由电机驱动。由于配流器在阀壳内部旋转，它关闭和打开壳体出口，从而引导气体从一个出口或另一个出口排出。
壳体内的出口数目可以改变，从而给任何希望数量的位置提供气流控制。
配流器的形状可以改变以适合出口数目，以及控制通过每个出口分配的气流速率。
因此，所述阀用于控制流向多个薄膜组件或腔室的气流，并且使所用气体的总体积最优化。
所述阀可以完成通常由标准阀组合实现的功能。
所述阀具有可以忽略的操作摩擦，因此具有较长的工作寿命预期值。
所述阀以连续转动的方式工作，并因此可以在很大的频率范围内循环：典型地为60到0.05Hz。
附图说明
现在将参照附图仅以举例的方式描述本发明的优选实施例，其中：
图1显示了根据本发明的过滤系统的一个实施例的示意图；
图2显示了气流的连续变化与气流的周期变化相比，空气流量随时间的曲线图；
图3显示了可应用于本发明的回转阀的剖开透视图；
图4显示了对于图3所示类型的回转阀而言，与理想的连续流动图案相比，空气流量随时间的曲线图；
图5显示了另一类型的阀的示意性剖视图，所述阀可产生连续变化的空气流量；
图6显示了对于图5所示类型的阀而言，空气流量随时间的曲线图；和
图7显示了对于一过滤组件而言，跨膜压力(TMP)随时间的变化图，其中所述过滤组件首先以连续变化的空气流量进行冲刷，其次具有循环流量。
优选实施方式
参考图1，显示了一对典型的薄膜过滤组件5。每个组件5包括在上部和下部集管7和8之间延伸的多个空心纤维薄膜6。滤液通过纤维薄膜6的开口端9从上部集管7中流出，所述开口端9通向连接到出口11上的集气室10。下部集管8具有多个连接到腔室13的开口12，所述腔室继而连接到入口管14上。各个管14分别连接到回转阀17的出口15和16上。阀17具有连接到加压气体源的进口18，所述加压气体源典型地为鼓风机或泵(未显示)。
图2显示了用于气体流量连续变化的理想气体流量图案对照循环气体流量图案，所述气体用于冲刷薄膜。
图3详细显示了回转阀17。阀17包括阀壳19，其中旋转配流器20可旋转地安装在所述阀壳内部并且由马达21驱动。壳体19在该实施例中具有中心定位的进口18和两个出口15、16，但是应当认识到，端口数目可以改变以适应不同的应用。
在工作中，气体供应给回转阀17的进口18。配流器20在壳体19内部连续转动，缓慢地使一个出口通向一个组件5的入口管14，增加到满流，随后缓慢地节流，最终在下一个组件5上的流动路径达到全开的同时，使所述流动结束。应当认识到，可以使用任何数目的组件，并且可以在阀壳19上设置适当数量的出口。气体流动的循环周期可以通过改变配流器20的转速而容易地调节。
通过开口12给入口管14供应气体，从而以传统方式冲刷薄膜。
图4显示了由图3所示回转阀产生的气体流量的曲线图。图案中的小平坦段由缸体(cylinder)的较小泄漏产生，并且如果泄漏达到最小的话，图案将近似于理想的流量。
图5显示了连续流量阀的可选实施例。在该实施例中，活塞25可滑动地安装在管状阀体26中，所述阀体具有位于两端的出口27和28，以及位于阀体26的侧壁中的进口或开口29。典型地，阀体26为圆柱形，但是也可以采用其他横截面形状。
在使用中，活塞25在阀体26内往复运动，从而交替地完全打开进口29分别与出口27、28的通路。活塞的运动范围设置成使得当进口29对出口27完全敞开时，它对出口28完全关闭，反之亦然。当活塞25在其极限位置之间移动时，流向一个出口的气体逐渐增大，而流向另一个出口的气体相应地减少。
图6显示了由图5所示阀组件产生的连续可变气体流量的图案。
图7显示了连续可变的气体流量对冲刷过程的作用。曲线图的第一部分显示了连续改变施加给薄膜的气体流量(脉动流)的情况下，跨膜压力(TMP)的变化，而曲线图的第二部分显示了在循环气体流量的情况下，TMP的变化。由于更有效的冲刷产生随时间而言更稳定的TMP，从该曲线图可以清楚地看出，与循环流量冲刷相比，连续可变的气体流量产生更有效的冲刷作用，以及随时间而言更稳定的TMP。
由根据本发明实施例的方法和系统所典型提供的优点在于：
1.气流仅以低流量或零流量流动极短的时间。这使污泥在过滤系统中的回流可能达到最小。
2.气体基本连续的流动还指的是，清洗/冲刷循环时间与传统的″可选″方法相比变得更长。这是可实现的，因为气流不会以低流量或零流量长时间流动，使得污泥沉降和产生缺氧状态的可能性变小。
3.该过程可以通过对鼓风机进行变速驱动以及程序控制流动循环曲线(profile)而进行，在这种情况下不会用到阀，因为不要求它们进行循环。可选地，如果使用传统阀控制循环的话，进行该过程的时间越长，阀的磨损越小。
4.还可以使用优选实施例中描述的回转阀执行该过程。在该实施例中，鼓风机基本上匀速运转，并且阀连续转动。不存在对阀产生突然的开闭作用，并且只需要一个阀。
5.使用上述回转阀还能够通过增加阀转速获得更短的循环周期。
6.可能节约气体需要量最多50％。
应当理解，在不脱离本发明精神或范围的情况下，本发明的其他实施例和实例也是可能的。

Claims (22)

1.一种控制薄膜过滤系统中积垢的方法，所述系统为使用气体清洗或冲刷薄膜的类型，其中，所述方法包括以连续可变的流量给该系统提供气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述系统包括多套组件，并且供应给每套组件的气体具有连续可变的流量。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续可变的气体流量从高流量向低流量变动。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述低流量为0。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述气流的流量图案为正弦曲线形式的连续可变曲线。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述气流的流量图案为三角波形式的连续可变曲线。
7.一种薄膜过滤系统，包括：一个或多个薄膜；用于提供气流以形成冲刷薄膜表面的气泡的气体源，其中所述气体源以连续可变的流量提供所述气流。
8.如权利要求7所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，从所述气体源流出的气体流量连续可变。
9.如权利要求8所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述气体源为变速鼓风机。
10.如权利要求7所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述气体源经流量控制装置与过滤系统相连，并且所述流量控制装置连续改变流量。
11.如权利要求10所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述薄膜过滤系统包括多个薄膜组件，并且所述流量控制装置具有连接到相关组件上的分开的出口，这样，当流量对一个或多个组件来说增大时，所述流量对于另一个或多个组件而言减小。
12.如权利要求10所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述薄膜过滤系统包括多套组件，并且流向每套组件的气流具有连续可变的流量。
13.如权利要求12所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述薄膜过滤系统包括多个进液容器，并且每个进液容器具有位于其中的各套组件。
14.如权利要求10所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述流量控制装置包括具有进口和一个或多个出口的壳体，和用于从所述进口给所述一个或多个出口提供连续可变流体的可动阀构件。
15.如权利要求14所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述可动阀构件为旋转配流器，其位于所述壳体内部用以控制从所述进口向所述一个或多个出口的流动。
16.如权利要求15所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述出口相对于所述旋转配流器定位，使得所述出口之一在另一个出口全闭时全开。
17.如权利要求14所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述可动阀构件为往复配流器，其位于所述壳体内部用以控制从所述进口向所述一个或多个出口的流动。
18.如权利要求17所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述出口相对于所述往复配流器定位，使得所述出口之一在所述出口中的另一个全闭时全开。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述往复配流器包括可滑动地安装在所述壳体中的活塞，所述壳体为管状并且所述出口位于所述壳体任一端，并且所述进口位于所述端部的所述壳体中间位置的壁部上。
20.如权利要求19所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述活塞如此布置，这样，当活塞在其极限位置之间移动时，从所述进口向所述出口之一的流量增加，并且向所述出口中另一个的流量减少。
21.如权利要求14所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述可动阀构件由马达连续驱动。
22.如权利要求14所述的薄膜过滤系统，其特征在于，所述壳体具有多个进口。
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US20080156745A1 (en) 2008-07-03
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