CN100502796C - 弯曲切割固定器所用的带槽销导向刀具 - Google Patents

弯曲切割固定器所用的带槽销导向刀具 Download PDF

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CN100502796C
CN100502796C CNB2004101032792A CN200410103279A CN100502796C CN 100502796 C CN100502796 C CN 100502796C CN B2004101032792 A CNB2004101032792 A CN B2004101032792A CN 200410103279 A CN200410103279 A CN 200410103279A CN 100502796 C CN100502796 C CN 100502796C
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A·阮
W·凯利
P·乌库西克
R·施维姆伯格
R·史密斯
M·克鲁斯琴斯基
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07221Stapler heads curved
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments

Abstract

适用于将多个外科紧固件施加到身体组织上的外科装置,该外科装置包括:具有近端和远端的支架,手柄置于所述近端且端部受动器置于远端;端部受动器的形状和尺寸设计成用于支撑钉筒壳和基座,钉筒壳和基座在相互靠近的第一相间隔的位置和第二位置之间相对运动,并且钉筒壳包括用于通过在钉筒壳和基座之间移动来切割生理组织的刀具;激发机构与端部受动器和钉筒壳相关联以用于有选择性地致动;和与钉筒壳和基座相关联的生理组织保持特征,该生理组织保持特征包括在治疗期间将生理组织保持在端部受动器内部的上销和下销,其特征在于,上销和下销分别包括与刀具相关联的槽以用于在钉筒壳和基座之间导引该刀具。

Description

弯曲切割固定器所用的带槽销导向刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及固定、切除手术中进行病理诊断和治疗所用的一种外科钉紧和切割装置。更具体地说,本发明涉及在外科钉紧和切割装置中所用的导向刀具。
背景技术
在固定切除手术中进行的病理诊断和治疗中通常会使用外科钉紧和切割装置。医用钉紧和切割装置设置有一种机构,这种机构将通过肛门、嘴、胃和设备附件延伸进入的机械缝合机构的传输操作功能扩展。虽然外科钉紧和切割装置最常用于直肠病理诊断,但是外科钉紧和切割装置可以在多种环境中使用。
在过去的时间里,已经开发了外科钉紧和切割装置,特别是弯曲的外科钉紧和切割装置。这些装置大体上包括支架、装接在支架上的基座和运载多个钉子的钉筒壳。该装置还包括钉筒壳内部的驱动件,它将所有钉子同时推出进入基座中以将钉子一起形成大体上为B形的缝合组织。另外,这些装置包括接近机构,它们用于将钉筒壳从与基座间隔以在其中接受组织的位置移动到其中组织被卡持在基座和钉筒壳之间的闭合位置。最后,这些装置包括用于向前移动驱动件以朝着基座形成钉子的激发机构。
当前的外科钉紧和切割装置具有位于中心的刀具,且刀具在其每侧具有至少一排钉子。在操纵装置时,希望获得彻底的切割而没有或具有最小的标记(连接切口两侧的细股生理组织)。当外科钉紧和切割装置的刀具射击时,它与装置的钉子一起推进。刀具在最终行程过程中会穿透塑料切割垫圈。该穿透会切割刀具和垫圈之间的任何生理组织。
然而,这仅在刀具与垫圈对齐时才会发生。这样,就需要用于将垫圈与刀具对准的系统。此种装置可以确保高质量的切割并且通过将生理组织保持在刀具的弧形内部和垫圈与刀具之间而将标记最小化。本发明提供了这样一种导向刀具结构。
附图说明
图1是依照本发明的线性外科钉紧器的透视图;
图2是除去钉筒组件后的线性外科钉紧器的透视图。
图3是钉筒壳被移至一个中间位置的线性外科钉紧器的透视图。
图4是钉筒壳被移至闭合位置的线性外科钉紧器的透视图。
图5是激发扳机处于激发位置的线性外科钉紧器的透视图。
图6是钉筒组件的分解图。
图7是其上固定有保持件的钉筒组件的正视图。
图8是将保持件除去后的钉筒组件的正视图。
图9是钉筒组件的后视透视图,图中详细地显示了钉筒壳的狭槽。
图10、11和12显示了保持件组件。
图13是处于未致动朝向的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图14是销致动机构的分解图。
图15是闭合扳机稍微缩进时的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图16是闭合扳机接近完全缩进时的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图17是闭合扳机完全缩进时的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图18是激发扳机和闭合扳机完全缩进时的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图19是在外科医生压下释放按钮之后的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图20是在释放闭合扳机和激发扳机且其未回复至中间止动位置时的线性外科钉紧器的部分剖视图。
图21—29显示了钉筒组件的插入和保持件的除去。
图30—38显示了在本发明的线性外科钉紧器的致动过程中所涉及的多个步骤。
图39和40是钉筒壳的正视详示图。
具体实施方式
在此公开了本发明的详细实施例。然而,应当理解,此处所披露的实施例仅是本发明的示例,这些实施例能够以不同的方式来实现。因此,不能将此处公开的细节认为是限定性的,而仅可将其作为指导本领域技术人员如何实现和/或使用本发明的基础。
参见不同的附图,本申请公开了一种外科装置20以将多个外科紧固件施加到身体组织上。该装置包括具有近端和远端的支架,手柄21置于近端且端部受动器80置于远端。端部受动器80的形状和尺寸设计成用于支撑钉筒壳121和基座122,钉筒壳121和基座122在相互靠近的第一相间隔的位置和第二位置之间相对运动。钉筒壳121包括用于通过在钉筒壳121和基座122之间移动来切割生理组织的刀具126。外科装置20还包括与端部受动器80和钉筒壳121相关联的激发机构以用于有选择性地致动。装置20还包括与钉筒壳121和基座122相关联的生理组织保持特征,生理组织保持包括在治疗期间将生理组织保持在端部受动器内部的上销和下销,其中,上销和下销分别包括与刀具126相关联的槽以用于在钉筒壳121和基座122之间导引它。
参见图1并结合图2—5,图中显示了一种外科钉紧和切割装置,特别是一种设计用来钉紧并切割生理组织的线性外科钉紧器20。线性外科钉紧器20在第一近端具有手柄21,在相对的远端具有端部受动器80。依照本发明的一个优选实施例,端部受动器80是弯曲的。左右手结构板(经常被称作“手柄板”)34、35分别将手柄21与装置的端部受动器80相连(图1中未显示左手柄板)。手柄21具有连接到左手护板上的右手护板22(图1中未显示左手护板)。手柄21还具有基体部23以握持和操纵线性外科钉紧器20(参见图2—5)。
端部受动器80是一种医用紧固组件,包括钉筒组件120(参见图6—9)和U形支撑结构81。闭合件28的远端30被布置来容纳钉筒组件120。端部受动器80还包括安全锁止机构180(最佳显示于图31中)以阻止被射击钉筒组件120的预先激发。钉筒组件120包括连接到基座122上的钉筒壳121。钉筒组件120还包括保持销125、刀具126、可拆卸的保持件160和生理组织接触表面127,所述生理组织接触表面127显露出处于刀具126任一侧而以一排或多排的形式交错布置(即钉线)的多个钉子容装槽128。来自钉筒壳121的钉子(未显示)被射向基座122的钉紧形成表面129,该钉紧形成表面129面向钉筒壳121的生理组织接触表面127。
根据下面公开的内容可以明确认识到,本发明的线性外科钉紧器20被设计成具有可更换钉筒组件120的多次激发装置。但是,应当理解,在不脱离本发明主旨的情况下,本发明的许多基础概念同样适用于单次激发装置。
端部受动器80的支撑结构81通过台肩铆钉82和栓杆83分别装接在左右手柄板34、35上,所述栓杆83从支撑结构81延伸入手柄板34、35的接收孔中。依照本发明的一个优选实施例,支撑结构81是由一个单片构件形成的。更具体地,支撑结构81是通过挤压形成的,例如挤压铝,随后进行机加工来制造依照本发明所公开的支撑结构81。通过这种方式来构造支撑结构81不需要多个部件,从而显著降低了与生产和组装相关的成本。此外,应认识到,支撑结构81的整体式结构提高了本发明线性外科钉紧器20的整体稳定性。另外,支撑结构81的整体式挤压成形结构减轻了重量且更易于杀菌消毒,这是因为钴辐射可有效地穿透被挤压的铝片,由于通过挤压可形成平滑的外表面,因而对生理组织造成的损伤最小。
线性外科钉紧器20的手柄21包括由外科医生用手掌握持的手握持部24(参见图2到图5)。手握持部24包括右手护板柄25(参见图1)和左手护板柄(图1中未显示左手护板柄)。闭合扳机26和激发扳机27从手柄21的下侧可枢转地延伸出来。图1所示线性外科钉紧器20的闭合扳机26和激发扳机27处于其未致动位置,在钉子20上插有一个钉筒组件120且将保持件160拆下。因此,钉筒壳121与基座122相隔开以将生理组织置于钉筒壳121和基座122之间。
线性外科钉紧器20的手柄21包括生理组织保持销致动机构100。该生理组织保持销致动机构100包括布置在手柄21顶面上的一个马鞍形滑动件101。人工移动该滑动件101将使推杆102的远端移动。推杆102连接到钉筒组件120的保持销125上。推杆102向远端的运动或向近端的回缩会使保持销125产生相应的运动。保持销致动机构100也在手柄21中可释放性地连接到闭合扳机26上,这样,如果保持销125还没有被人工移动至其最近端位置,闭合扳机26的致动将使保持销125自动朝着远端运动。
简要参见附图2—5,图中显示了在对钉筒组件120进行加载以及随后朝着手握持部24推压激发扳机26、27以驱动线性外科钉紧器20的端部受动器80时将会发生什么。如图2所示,将钉筒组件120加载到线性外科钉紧器20上且将保持件160除去。此时的线性外科钉紧器20已准备好来接收生理组织,如图1所示。
在部分推压闭合扳机26以将其置于图3所示的第一止动位置时,钉筒壳121从其完全开启位置移动至处于开启位置和闭合位置之间的中间位置,在下文中将对该内容进行详述。与此同时,生理组织保持销致动机构100将保持销125从钉筒壳121向前移动通过基座122中的开口。在该位置中,可将已经置于钉筒壳121和基座122之间的生理组织进行适当定位,这样可确保将生理组织留置在钉筒壳121和基座122之间。因此,当将闭合扳机26致动至其中间位置时,钉筒壳121和基座122被相应地定位在生理组织保持位置中。
如图4所示,在闭合扳机26受到完全推压而使其接近手握持部24的前端时,钉筒壳121的生理组织接触表面127与基座122的钉紧形成表面129相互靠近,这样则可将生理组织正确定位和完全保持住。此外,激发扳机27逆时针朝着手握持部24旋转以使外科医生握持激发扳机27,从而射击钉子。因此,激发扳机27现在处于由外科医生推压的位置以钉紧和切割生理组织。如图5所示,在激发扳机27被完全推压以射击钉子时,激发扳机27就处于与闭合扳机26相靠近的位置处。
现在参见图6—9,下面将对钉筒组件120进行详细描述。本发明的钉筒组件120提供了一种在线性外科钉紧器20中使用的切割和缝合机构,其中,该机构在装置的致动过程中沿相同的方向进行钉紧和切割操作。虽然该钉筒组件120特别适于与线性外科钉紧器结合使用,但在不脱离本发明主旨的情况下,该钉筒组件120的概念也可适用于其他外科装置。特别地,该钉筒组件120提供了与切割过程中所用的相应的垫圈123结合使用的刀具126。该钉筒组件120可以确保线性外科钉紧器20的多次激发并不会削弱切割性能。这是通过将基座122特别是切割垫圈123与钉筒组件120相结合来实现的。通过将垫圈123与钉筒组件120相结合,则在每次更换钉筒组件120时可提供一个新垫圈123,从而提高了切割性能。
通过将基座122与钉筒壳121平行布置这样它们在相对移动时使基座122和钉筒壳121相面对的表面保持平行定位,可以提供进一步增强的性能。这样就可使压力在生理组织上均匀分布,从而避免以下述方式挤压生理组织,即将生理组织挤成一束并将部分生理组织从基座122和钉筒壳121之间所限定的所需空间中迫压出来。
更具体地说,钉筒组件120包括钉筒壳121,该钉筒壳121容装有多个布置在钉子容装槽128中的钉子(图中未显示)。紧接在钉子之后布置有驱动件131,该驱动件131被布置来将钉子推出钉槽128。在钉筒壳121中紧接着驱动件131布置有刀具保持件130。刀具保持件130上包含槽172和突出架173以与刀具牵引钩45(参见图37)相互作用,在下文中将更加详细地描述其功能。刀具保持件130装接在刀具126上,该刀具126从刀具保持件130向远端延伸通过驱动件131中的槽200并延伸通过钉筒壳121中的槽199。
刀具保持件130具有止动栓138,它延伸通过钉筒壳121中的槽137。在刀具126和刀具保持件130的纵向运动过程中,刀具保持件的止动栓138被布置成与钉筒槽137的止动凸出部139相接触。类似地,驱动件131具有止动栓140,该止动栓140被布置成分别与钉筒槽137的近端止动凸出部141和远端止动凸出部142接触。
刀具126和槽199、200的位置设置成使刀具126的任一侧上至少布置一排钉子。依照本发明的一个优选实施例,在钉筒壳121的槽199的每侧上布置有两排钉槽128(和两排钉子)。
钉筒壳121在刀具槽199任一端包括有两个大体上为圆形的开口143、144。处于钉筒壳121基座处的大体上为圆形的开口143的形状和尺寸设计成可以使导引销124穿过钉筒壳121。处于钉筒壳121顶部处大体上为圆形的孔144的形状和尺寸设计成可以使保持销125穿过钉筒壳121。钉槽128布置成钉子可以横向延伸通过大体上为圆形的孔143、144。
依照本发明的一个优选实施例,基座122包括塑性垫圈123和金属钉紧形成表面129。基座122被布置成以匹配的配置保持钉紧形成表面129。保持销125通过保持销125中的周向槽135和接合件133中的沟槽134而连接到接合件133上(最佳显示于图14中)。接合件133布置在钉筒壳121的臂145中并且通过端盖146而夹持在所述臂145中。
导引销124和保持销125包括各自的槽147a、147b(最佳显示于图8、9、36、39和40中),刀具126的端部126a、126b即布置在所述槽147a、147b中。导引销124的近端148连接到基座122的近端149上。导引销124的远端150从钉筒壳121中延伸出来且延伸通过基座122的槽151。切割垫圈123通过基座122上的沟槽152而滑到基座122上,沟槽152配合在垫圈123上的舌部153之下。切割垫圈123的相对端部154在基座臂155之下滑动且通过销子156而销紧到基座臂155上。在该位置中,垫圈123的切割表面157向上延伸通过基座122的槽151。将切割垫圈123组装到基座122上会将导引销124限定在由基座槽151和切割表面157所形成的开口中,从而在操作上将基座122连接到钉筒壳121上。如图7所示,保持件160装接在钉筒组件120上以将钉筒组件120的部件夹持在所需的朝向直至插入端部受动器80中。
现在参见图6—12并接合图25—29对保持件160进行更详细的描述。保持件160具有围绕钉筒壳121的凸起159布置的沟槽161。保持件160容装有弹性内弹簧臂162,弹簧臂162被布置成在保持件160中进行往复运动。保持件160包括容装槽163,该容装槽163部分地围绕导引销124延伸。弹簧臂162包括部分围绕导引销124延伸但配置成在相反的方向面向容装槽163的容装槽164。保持件160布置在钉筒组件120上,这样容装槽163、164就围绕导引销124且将保持件160限定在钉筒组件120上。弹簧臂162包括一个分离片165,该分离片165在基座臂155之下从保持件160处向下延伸。这样,只有将钉筒组件120适当定位在端部受动器80中才能很容易地将保持件160从钉筒组件120上拆卸下来。在将钉筒组件120正确定位在端部受动器80中时,分离片165与端部受动器80接合以释放保持件160。
依照本发明的优选实施例并参见图8、9、36、39和40,上下圆销(即保持销125和导引销124)在钉筒壳121的封闭装配的圆形开口143、144和基座122之间延伸。因此,导引销124和保持销125使钉筒壳121、基座122和垫圈123保持对准。导引销124和保持销125设置有槽147a、147b,并且刀具跨在导引销124和保持销125的槽147a、147b内。这样,刀具126就延伸导引销124和保持销125之间的整个长度范围,并且在事实上其延伸略微超过导引销124和保持销125之间的距离,因为刀具端部126a、126b容纳在导引销124和保持销125的槽147a、147b中。
如上所述,在线性外科钉紧器20的钉子驱动件131和激发杆43致动之前,保持销125以与传统保持销几乎相同的方式运行以将生理组织夹持在端部受动器80中。有鉴于此,保持销125是受控地在钉筒壳121和基座122之间运动。下面将参见图13和14更加详细地讨论保持销125的运动。
槽147a、147b的组合以及从钉筒壳121延伸到垫圈123和基座122的保持销125和导引销124可以确保刀具126精确地击中垫圈123以对生理组织进行洁净的切割。导引销124永久地延伸通过钉筒壳121、基座122和垫圈123。在生理组织已经插入线性外科钉紧器20的端部受动器80之后,保持销125可缩回并且仅从钉筒壳121推进并且进入垫圈123和基座122中。
保持销125的推进会将生理组织夹持在保持销125和导引销124之间。保持销125和导引销124被压在垫圈123上,如图32所示,这会将生理组织保持在刀具126和垫圈123之间。因此,刀具126沿着保持销125和导引销124的槽147a、147b的推进会导致对所夹持的生理组织进行切割。由于刀具延伸经过垫圈123的端部并且进入保持销125和导引销124中的槽147a、147b内,所以标记进一步最小化。
人们希望将刀具宽度和槽宽之间的间隙最小化并且将刀具126延伸进入保持销125和导引销124上的槽的距离最大化。尽管依照本发明的一个优选实施例而对圆销进行了描述,但是可以使用不脱离本发明精神的任何形状的带槽的销来代替这些销子。例如并且依照另一个实施例,销子可以是L形的并且提供用于移动刀片的导轨。
本发明的刀具导向结构通过在刀具126从钉筒壳121推进到垫圈123中时保证刀具126和切割垫圈123对齐而促进了对生理组织的切割。另外,该刀具导向结构还通过将生理组织夹持在切割区域并且允许刀具126延伸经过垫圈123的端部而考虑到使生理组织标记最小化。
再次参见图1并结合图2和图13,下面将对线性外科钉紧器20的部件进行更详细的描述。线性外科钉紧器20包括细长的闭合件28,该闭合件28具有大体上U形的横截面并且从手柄21延伸入端部受动器80的外科紧固组件中。依照本发明的一个优选实施例,闭合件28是模制的塑料件,其形状设计得用于实现依照本发明的运动和功能。利用塑料制造闭合件28可以降低制造成本并且还可以减轻线性外科钉紧器20的重量。此外,由于塑料比不锈钢更易于穿透,所以可以更容易地利用钴辐射对线性外科钉紧器20进行杀菌消毒。依照本发明的另一个实施例,闭合件也可通过在适当的位置加工好最终特征的铝挤压而成。虽然挤压的铝闭合件不象塑料件那样容易制作,但其仍具有一些优势(例如,减少了部件的数量、容易组装、重量轻、容易消毒)。
闭合件28的远端部穿过支撑结构81的壁84。该远端被布置来接收且保持钉筒组件120的钉筒壳121。闭合件28的中间部分置于左、右手柄板34、35之间。左、右手闭合连接件36、37通过第一整体式闭合连接销38可枢转地装接在闭合件28的左右近端上。在闭合连接件36、37的相对端处,闭合连接件36、37可枢转地装接在第二整体式闭合连接销39上。第二整体式闭合连接销39将闭合连接销36、37连接到带槽的闭合臂式连接件40上。带槽的闭合臂式连接件40在闭合扳机枢转销41处可枢转地安装在线性外科钉紧器20的手柄板34、35上。闭合扳机26从带槽的闭合臂式连接件40处向下延伸以围绕闭合扳机枢转销41朝着或远离手握持部24进行转动。容装在手柄21的手握持部24中的闭合弹簧42固定在带槽的闭合臂式连接件40上,在外科医生朝着手握持部24按压闭合扳机26时,该闭合弹簧42提供所需的阻力并且将闭合扳机26向开启位置偏压。
参见图13、14,下面将描述保持销致动机构100的部件。手柄21容装有安装在手柄21顶部上的马鞍形滑动件101以进行线性运动。滑动件101连接到通过手柄21中的槽105(参见图2)而从推杆驱动件104向外延伸的栓杆103上。推杆驱动件104受到槽105的限制而沿着线性外科钉紧器20的长轴进行纵向运动。推杆驱动件104通过推杆102上的周向沟槽107而连接到推杆102上,所述推杆102卡持在推杆驱动件104的槽108中。推杆102的远端包含周向沟槽109,周向沟槽109与钉筒组件120的接合件133近端中的沟槽132相连(最佳显示于图22中)。接合件133的远端包含用于与保持销125上的周向槽135相连的沟槽134。
闭合件28包含有栓杆29,栓杆29在手柄21内部的闭合件28的两侧上横向延伸。该栓杆29滑动地连接到轭件111的L形槽110上。轭件111通过其上的枢转销112而可枢转地安装到手柄21上。轭件111包含有凸轮销113,凸轮销113的位置设计成推动推杆驱动件104上的凸轮表面114。
参见图13和图37,下面将描述激发传动组件的部件。激发传动组件具有细长的激发杆43,该激发杆43从手柄21延伸到端部受动器80的外科紧固组件中。激发杆43放置在闭合件28的U形截面中。激发杆43的远端延伸入钉筒壳121中并且位置放置得与刀具保持件130和驱动件131的近端相邻。激发杆43的远端装接在具有刀具牵引钩45的刀具牵引件44上。
在激发杆43容装在手柄21内部的部分中(参见图13),激发杆43具有矩形的接收槽46。第一整体式闭合连结销38延伸通过接收槽46。激发杆43还具有近端部分47。激发杆43的近端部分47的下侧具有滑动表面48。近端部分47还具有从滑动表面48延伸出的终端侧接合面49。激发扳机27通过与闭合扳机枢转销41间隔开的激发扳机枢转销50而可枢转地安装到手柄板34、35上,这样每个枢转销就可围绕各自的轴线进行转动。激发扳机27包括弓形的激发扳机连接件51,该激发扳机连接件51从激发扳机枢转销50处的激发扳机27延伸至顶点52,该顶点52处于激发杆43的近端部分47的滑动表面48上。在手柄21中,激发扳机27分别装接在第一和第二激发扳机弹簧臂53、54上。激发扳机弹簧臂53、54支撑着激发扳机43右半边上的扭转弹簧(未显示)。最后,在激发杆43位于手柄21中的部分处,激发杆回复弹簧55固定在激发杆43下侧以将激发杆43向其未致动位置偏压。
当朝着手握持部24推压闭合扳机26时,带槽闭合臂式连接件40和闭合连接件36在激发杆43的接收槽46中朝着远端运动。这种朝着远端的运动使闭合件28相应地向远端运动。同样,激发杆43与闭合件28同时向远端运动,这是因为其上装接有闭合连接件36、37的第一整体式闭合连结销38延伸通过激发杆43中的接收槽46。
下面将参见图1并结合图13—20对限定中间闭合止动位置所用的机构及闭合扳机26从致动位置释放至其未致动位置的情况进行描述。带槽闭合臂式连接件40的顶侧具有夹紧滑动表面56,该夹紧滑动表面56显露出中间止动件57和闭合止动件58。释放罩59在夹紧滑动表面56上滑动并且可与中间止动件和闭合止动件57、58相接合。在释放罩59的远端具有横向延伸的罩片60(最佳显示于图1中)。释放罩59位于手柄21内且其整体地装接在处于手柄21外部的释放按钮61上。释放按钮61具有拇指放置部62,释放按钮61通过释放耳轴63可枢转地装接在手柄21上。释放按钮61被从手柄21向外偏压,这样释放罩59就由释放弹簧64向下朝着夹紧滑动表面56偏压,释放弹簧64通过弹簧保持销65安装在手柄21上且通过按钮弹簧栓66安装在释放按钮61上。带槽闭合臂式连接件40具有位于中间止动件57和闭合止动件58之间的弓形凹槽67。在该弓形凹槽67中布置有整体地相连到右手肘板上的左手肘板68以用于旋转运动(图中未显示该右手肘板)。每个肘板68具有可与罩片60相接合的肘板臂69。罩片60具有凹形的近端表面70以在肘板臂69和罩片60之间提供间隙。
参见图31(钉筒和支撑结构的剖视图),现在将描述射击装置锁止机构180的部件。锁止机构180包括锁止杆181,该锁止杆181通过销子182而可枢转地安装在闭合件28的远端30上。锁止杆181由弹簧(未显示)朝着支撑结构81的基座向下弹性偏压。锁止杆181分别包含近端和远端184、185。近端184具有凸轮表面186和锁止沟槽187。端部受动器80的支撑结构81包括突出架85,突出架85被布置成当锁止结构180接合时与锁止沟槽187相互作用。支撑结构81包含处于壁部84之间的基面86。在锁止杆181未被接合时,基面86被布置来与凸轮表面186相互作用。
下面将描述钉筒组件120、闭合机构、保持销机构、激发传动组件、中间止动件57、闭合止动件58、释放机构及锁止机构180的加载操作。参见图7—12和图21—28来描述将钉筒组件120加载到生理组织端部受动器80中的情况。钉筒组件120的形状和尺寸设计成能够有选择性地插入线性外科钉紧器20的生理组织端部受动器80中或从其中除去。
如图7所示,在将钉筒组件120插入线性外科钉紧器20的端部受动器80中之前,由于沟槽161布置成在保持件160的顶端处围绕凸起159而阻止分离,所以就不容易将保持件160从钉筒组件120上拆卸下来。此外,如图25所示,保持件的容装槽163、164在保持件160的底部处围绕导引销124布置从而防止分离。
所装接的保持件160对钉筒组件120的结构及用于握持的延伸表面进行支撑,这两个特征均使加载变得更为容易。保持件160还可阻止钉子在不经意的处理过程中从钉筒壳121中掉落下来并且可阻止刀具126在不经意的处理过程中偶然暴露出来。
在加载之前及在加载过程中可通过一系列的止动件进一步阻止刀具126和钉子的移动。参见图9,通过钉筒壳槽137上的止动凸出部139可以阻止刀具保持件130上的止动栓138向远端和近端运动。通过止动栓140与钉筒壳槽137上的止动凸出部141的相互作用则可阻止由于不经意的处理以及在将钉筒组件120加载到线性外科钉紧器20的过程中而使驱动件31向远端运动。
如图21—24所示,将钉筒组件120加载到生理组织端部受动器80中,从而使钉筒壳121滑入闭合件28的远端30中。在加载过程中,闭合件28上的壁部31a、31b滑入钉筒壳121的槽170a、170b中。与此同时,凸片174(参见图8)滑入U形支撑结构81的沟槽88中。如图21—24所示,当止动件171卡持到闭合件远端30的止动沟槽32上时,钉筒组件120的加载结束。
在图24所示的位置中,钉筒组件120被完全加载,接合件133的近端沟槽132与推杆102的远端周向沟槽109相接合,这样,钉筒组件120中的保持销125就连接到保持销进给机构100上。在加载过程中,刀具保持件131的槽172与刀具牵引钩45相接合,从而使牵引钩45在完成钉筒组件120的加载时与刀具保持件130上的牵引突出架173相接合。
在完成钉筒组件120的加载时,置于驱动件131上的栓杆188与锁止杆181的远端185相接触(参见图31)。这种接触使锁止杆181围绕锁止杆销182而转动至一个位置,从而使凸轮表面186与U形的支撑结构81的基面86水平对齐。
现在将保持件160从端部受动器80上除去。特别地,钉筒组件120的加载的完成使分离片165与支撑结构81相接触(参见图23),这样,如图24所示,当将钉筒组件120完全加载后,弹簧臂162就向上移动。这种向上移动使容装槽164向上偏移而不再容装导引销124(参见图25和图26)。现在参见图27—29,向拇指垫166施加拆卸作用力而使保持件160围绕凸起159向外枢转直至所述沟槽161可从凸起159上滑脱下来。将保持件160除去是考虑到将被利用的加载钉紧器20。
在图15中,闭合扳机26已从图1和图13中所示的开启、未被致动位置处部分推压。在部分推压闭合扳机26时,该闭合扳机26就围绕闭合扳机枢转销41而沿逆时针方向朝手握持部24转动。在闭合扳机26转动时,带槽闭合臂式连接件40和闭合板闭合连接件36、37向前移动,因此向远端移动闭合件28和激发杆43。当带槽闭合臂式连接件40向前移动时,释放罩59的罩片60在夹紧滑动表面56上滑动。罩片60与肘板68的肘板臂69的远端相接合,从而使肘板68沿顺时针方向转动。当带槽闭合臂式连接件40响应闭合扳机26朝手握持部24的枢转运动而继续向前运动时,释放罩59的罩片60最终会容纳在中间止动件57中。一旦置于中间止动件57中,闭合弹簧42就不能将闭合扳机26回复至其初始未致动位置。闭合扳机26现在处于其中间部分闭合位置中以将生理组织适当地定位和保持在钉筒壳121和基座122之间,如图15所示。此外,当闭合件28和激发杆43向远端移动时,弓形激发扳机连接件51的顶点52就在激发杆43的近端部分47的滑动表面48上滑动。
在从开启位置至中间位置的闭合行程中,保持销机构100被致动。闭合件28向前的运动使整体式栓杆29向远端移动。栓杆29与轭件111的L形槽110相接触。因此,栓杆29向远端的运动就使L形槽110进行凸轮转动,从而使所述轭件围绕销子112进行转动。所述转动使轭件111上的支撑栓杆113与推杆驱动件104上的凸轮表面114相接触。轭件111的进一步旋转运动使支撑栓杆113通过与表面114进行凸轮转动接触而向远端移动推杆驱动件104。推杆驱动件104与推杆102接触,从而向远端移动所述推杆102。推杆102反过来又会向远端移动接合件133和保持销125。至中间止动件57位置处所进行的闭合行程的完成使保持销125向远端移动通过钉筒壳121的孔144、基座151的槽及垫圈170中的孔而进入支撑结构81中的孔89(未显示)。布置在钉筒壳121的接触表面127和基座122之间的生理组织现在被卡持在保持销125和导引销124之间。
在闭合之前通过人工将马鞍形滑动件101向远端移动也可获得同样的结果。所述滑动移动使推杆102、接合件133和保持销125向前运动直至保持销125完全布置在支撑结构81内的基座122、垫圈123和孔89中。在将保持销125人工向前移动之后启动闭合行程仍会使轭件111进行如上所述的转动,但是保持销致动机构100不会进行任何附加的运动。
如图31(开启位置)和图32(中间位置)所示,当锁止杆181通过销子182装接在闭合件28上时,从开启位置至中间止动件57位置处的闭合行程使锁止杆181向远端移动。锁止杆181向远端的移动使凸轮表面186与支撑结构81的锁止突出架85相接触,从而使锁止杆181顺时针转动且与支撑结构81的基面86滑动接触。在该位置中,锁止杆181的远端185已转动远离驱动件131上的栓杆188。
现在特别参见图16,当将闭合扳机26从中间止动件57的位置朝着手握持部24推压时,肘板68的肘板臂69与罩片60脱离接合。这样,当肘板68继续沿顺时针方向中转动时,释放罩片60跨在肘板臂69上,闭合扳机26继续运动而落入闭合止动件58中。当释放罩59跨在肘板臂69上时,它就使释放按钮61围绕枢轴63顺时针转动。当释放罩片60落入闭合止动件58中时,会产生可听得见的咔哒声以提醒外科医生已到达闭合位置。
此外,在激发杆43继续向前移动时,弓形激发扳机连接件51的顶点52与激发杆43的近端部分47的侧接合表面49接触。这样,激发扳机27就移动至一个位置中,在该位置处,激发扳机27继续向远端移动激发杆43以在完全夹持住生理组织之后射击钉子。当弓形激发扳机连接件51的顶点52与近端部分47的接合表面49相接合时,激发扳机27就响应扳机27右手侧上的扭转弹簧(未显示)的动作而沿逆时针方向朝着手握持部24转动。激发扳机27的转动独立于闭合扳机26的转动,但是其转动受到阻挡直至激发杆43向远端移动而使激发扳机连接件51与激发杆43的端接合表面相接合。
特别参见附图17,当闭合扳机26被完全推压并且与手握持部24相邻时,处于释放罩59远端处的罩片60进入闭合止动件58中。在闭合止动件58的位置中,生理组织被完全夹紧在钉筒壳121和基座122之间,并且闭合弹簧42不能使闭合扳机26回复至其初始位置。因此,闭合扳机26就被保持在图4所示的位置中。
在闭合扳机26逆时针运动的同时,激发扳机27在扭转激发杆回复弹簧55的作用下继续逆时针转动直至激发扳机27相对于线性外科钉紧器20的手柄21处于相对垂直的位置。在完全夹持的位置中,弓形激发扳机连接件51的顶点52与激发杆43的近端部分47的接合表面完全接合,这样,激发扳机27就处于一个位置中以进一步向远端移动激发杆43,从而将钉子射击到生理组织中。
如图33所示,在完全闭合位置中,钉筒壳121的钉带128与基座122的钉紧形成表面129相对准。保持销125使基座122的顶部与钉筒壳121相对准,并且导引销124使钉筒壳121的底部与基座122的底部相对准。
如图18和图34所示,可推压激发扳机27而使其朝着手握持部24转动直至使其置于与闭合扳机26相邻的位置。在激发扳机27的转动过程中,激发杆43向远端移动而与刀具保持件130相接触。所生成的刀具保持件130向远端的移动会导致刀具126和驱动件131相接触。驱动件131向远端的移动会将钉子(未显示)向远端推进到基座122的钉紧形成表面129中从而将钉子形成为总体上为B形的形状。刀具126在与钉子结构相结合的导引销124和保持销125的槽147中向远端推进。该槽147将刀具126导引到切割垫圈123的切割表面157上而切断被卡持在两部件之间的任何生理组织。
通过人工作用力释放激发扳机27会导致激发杆回复弹簧55回缩激发杆43并将激发扳机27回复至图17所示的位置。这种运动使牵引钩45回撤到刀具保持件130和刀具126上的牵引突出架173上。这样所述向近端的运动将刀具126回缩到钉筒壳121中,如图35所示。刀具保持件130上的止动栓138回缩而与钉筒壳121上的止动凸出部139相接合从而将刀具保持件130和刀具126夹持在该缩进位置中。通过驱动件131上的止动栓140与钉筒槽137的止动凸出部142相接合则将驱动件131保持在其最远端位置(被激发位置)中。
由于使用者的失误可能会使刀具126与其他医用装置产生干涉,这样,激发杆回复弹簧55的作用力就不足以使激发杆43回缩而将刀具126缩进钉筒壳121中,使用者可通过顺时针拉动激发扳机27来人工回缩切割系统。这种人工顺时针移动使弓形激发扳机连接件51顺时针转动直至它撞击到激发杆43的近端47上的激发杆回撤片71。顺时针移动的激发扳机连接件51和激发杆回撤片71之间的接触使激发杆43向近端回缩并且回复至图17所示的位置。这样反过来又会导致牵引钩45回缩到刀具保持件130和刀具126上的牵引突出架173上。因此,这种安全特征能够让使用者将切割机构回缩至一个安全位置并将激发系统回复至可允许将线性外科钉紧器20打开的一个位置,在下文中将对该内容进行描述。
参见图19,当外科医生按下释放按钮61时,释放罩59围绕释放耳轴63沿顺时针方向转动而将罩片60从闭合止动件58的位置处除去。在罩片60被除去时,它跨在肘板臂69上而从夹紧连接件40上的中间止动位置57的旁边经过。这样,闭合扳机和激发扳机26、27就可响应由闭合弹簧42和激发杆回复弹簧55所产生的偏压力而回复至其初始未致动位置。当罩片60跨在肘板68的肘板臂上时,肘板臂69逆时针转动,而闭合扳机26和激发扳机27顺时针转动而回复至其初始的未致动位置。因此,外科医生就可释放闭合扳机和激发扳机26、27,这样它们就可回复至图20所示的位置而不必回复至中间止动件57的位置。
线性外科钉紧器20释放至如图20所示的开启位置可以导致闭合件28和装接的锁止杆181回缩至图36所示的完全开启位置。在该位置中,驱动件131上的栓杆188不再布置得向下夹持锁止杆的远端185。如上所述,驱动件131已由栓杆140和钉筒止动凸出部142止动在向前的位置中。因此,当其近端184沿着支撑臂表面86进行滑动的锁止杆181完全回缩时,它就自由逆时针转动且使锁止沟槽187下降到U形支撑结构81的突出架85的下面。如图37所示,当钉筒组件120拆卸时,锁止杆181仍将处于该位置中。
将来对已被射击的线性外科钉紧器20所作的任何关闭尝试均会将锁止沟槽187钩持在图38所示的突出架85中,从而向原激发装置的使用者提供反馈。如果在加载前将保持件160除去且在钉筒组件120未处于适当位置的情况下对钉筒组件120进行错误加载,也会产生这些相同的特征。在这种情况下,驱动件栓杆188将不能处于正确位置而将锁止杆181移动至凸动到上述表面86上的位置中。类似地,已被射击的钉筒组件120也不能释放锁止机构180。应特别注意到:在将锁止沟槽187钩持到突出架85中之前在锁止机构180中允许进行闭合行程的运动。这种运动对使用者显示出:该装置不会由于某些故障而产生拥堵,如果锁止机构180还没有运行的话则可将其撤回。因此,使用者知道:当锁止机构接合时该装置不会产生拥堵但却不能正确加载。
在所述装置释放而返回至图1和图2所示的开启位置之后,必须通过人工的方式向近端拉动马鞍形件101而使保持销机构100回缩。这种回缩使保持销125回退入钉筒壳121中。在完成所述人工回缩时,已被射击的钉筒组件120可被卸载并且替换为新的钉筒组件120。
尽管已经显示和描述了优选实施例,但是应当理解,这样的公开并非旨在限制本发明,而是覆盖落入本发明的精神实质和范围之内的全部改进和替代构造。

Claims (4)

1.适用于将多个外科紧固件施加到身体组织上的外科装置,该外科装置包括:
具有近端和远端的支架,手柄置于所述近端且端部受动器置于远端;
端部受动器的形状和尺寸设计成用于支撑钉筒壳(121)和基座(122),钉筒壳和基座在相互靠近的第一相间隔的位置和第二位置之间相对运动,并且钉筒壳包括用于通过在钉筒壳和基座之间移动来切割生理组织的刀具(126);
激发机构与端部受动器和钉筒壳相关联以用于有选择性地致动;和
与钉筒壳和基座相关联的生理组织保持特征,该生理组织保持特征包括在治疗期间将生理组织保持在端部受动器内部的上销(125)和下销(124),其中,上销和下销分别包括用于刀具(126)的端部(126a、126b)布置在其中的槽(147b,147a),以用于在钉筒壳和基座之间导引该刀具来切割组织。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科装置,其特征在于,上销是保持销。
3.如权利要求1所述的外科装置,其特征在于,下销是导引销。
4.如权利要求1所述的外科装置,其特征在于,上销和下销在钉筒壳和基座之间延伸。
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