CN100354777C - 集成保护、监测以及控制系统 - Google Patents

集成保护、监测以及控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100354777C
CN100354777C CNB038046105A CN03804610A CN100354777C CN 100354777 C CN100354777 C CN 100354777C CN B038046105 A CNB038046105 A CN B038046105A CN 03804610 A CN03804610 A CN 03804610A CN 100354777 C CN100354777 C CN 100354777C
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China
Prior art keywords
electronic unit
function
group
action
distribution system
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Expired - Lifetime
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CNB038046105A
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English (en)
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CN1639652A (zh
Inventor
伊曼德·安达拉维斯·安达拉维斯
肯内思·布雷克利·韦尔斯
丹尼尔·怀特·塞克斯顿
斯科特·查尔斯·埃文斯
马克·罗伯特·皮尔曼
奥斯塔斯·雷蒙德·小施诺尔
查尔斯·斯科特·西林
威廉姆·詹姆斯·普雷莫兰尼
厄图格鲁尔·伯坎
王文岱
王常庭
丹尼尔·劳伦斯·莫里尔
斯蒂文·埃里克·津吉利威克兹
特里·迈克尔·托普卡
江明晓
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ABB Schweiz AG
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General Electric Co
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Publication of CN1639652A publication Critical patent/CN1639652A/zh
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Publication of CN100354777C publication Critical patent/CN100354777C/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/04Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly therefrom
    • G06F1/12Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/05Digital input using the sampling of an analogue quantity at regular intervals of time, input from a/d converter or output to d/a converter
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    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
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    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
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    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/263Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
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    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00012Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using an auxiliary transmission line
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00028Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocols
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/56The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
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Abstract

提供了一种用于监测和控制配电系统(10)的方法和系统。该系统包括多个断路器(16)和多个节点电子单元(20)。每个节点电子单元远离相关的断路器进行安装,该断路器与一个节点电子单元电连接。该系统还包括第一数字网络(22),以及第一中央控制单元(24)。该第一中央控制单元和多个节点电子单元通信连接到第一数字网络上。该方法包括在中央控制单元上接收来自每个节点电子单元的数字信号,从该数字信号确定配电系统的运行状态,以及将数字信号发送给多个节点电子单元,使得断路器从该第一中央控制单元进行操作。

Description

集成保护、监测以及控制系统
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电气开关装置,并且更具体地,涉及一种用于保护、监测以及控制该电气开关装置的方法和装置。
背景技术
在工业配电系统中,将发电公司生产的电力供给工业或商业企业,其中将电力分配给工业或商业企业的各种设备,如,电动机,焊接机,计算机,加热器,照明设备,以及其他电气设备。至少某些已知的配电系统包括开关装置,该开关装置有助于将电力分成支路,这些支路提供电力给工业企业的各个部分。在每个支路中提供断路器,从而有助于保护支路中的设备。另外,因为对特殊负载可进行通电或断电而不影响其他负载,因此每个支路中的断路器可有助于减小设备故障,从而增加效率及减小操作和制造成本。尽管所使用的开关动作更加复杂,但类似的开关装置也可用在电业传输系统及多个配电变电所中。
除配电系统元件以外,开关装置一般包括多个设备,从而有助于提供配电系统元件的保护、监测和控制。例如,至少某些已知的断路器包括多个旁路跳闸电路,欠压继电器,跳闸单元以及多个辅助开关,辅助开关在供给配电元件的电力中出现没有预料的中断和波动时闭合断路器。另外,至少一个已知的配电系统还包括监测配电系统性能的监测设备、控制配电系统运行的控制设备以及当保护设备启动时启动保护响应的保护设备。
在至少某些其他的已知配电系统中,监测和控制系统与保护系统独立运行。例如,保护设备基于它本身预定的运行限制将配电系统的一部分断电,而监视设备不记录该事件。监视系统没有记录系统切断可误导操作者相信在配电系统内没有出现过电流情况,并且因此,操作者可能不会采取恰当的纠正行为。另外,保护设备,即断路器,可因为配电系统中的过电流情况而打开,但控制系统可将过电流情况解释成电源的功率损耗,而不是故障情况。同样地,控制逻辑可不希望地企图将故障电路连接到可替换电源上,因此恢复过电流情况。除了电压在使用这些设备而可能出现的操作性故障中增加外,多个设备以及与设备相关的互连导线的使用将使得设备尺寸增加,设备配线的复杂性增加,和/或安装设备的数量增加。
发明内容
在一方面,提供一种用于监测以及控制配电系统的方法。该系统包括多个断路器,多个节点电子单元,每个节点电子单元远离相应的断路器进行安装,每个相应的断路器电连接到每个单独的节点电子单元上,第一数字网络,以及第一中央控制单元,该第一中央控制单元包括第一电源系统公共信息装置,其中第一中央控制单元和多个节点电子单元通过通信网络接口通信连接到第一数字网络上。该方法包括从中央控制单元上的每个节点电子单元接收至少一个数字信号,从该数字信号确定配电系统的运行状态,以及将至少一个数字信号发送给多个节点电子单元,使得断路器可从第一中央控制单元进行操作。
在另一方面,提供了一种配电系统。该系统包括多个断路器,多个节点电子单元,其中每个节点电子单元远离多个断路器进行安装,并且其中每个单独的断路器与每个单独的节点电子单元电连接。每个单独的节点电子单元构造成从它的每个断路器接收信号,并将信号发送给每个断路器。该系统还包括数字网络,以及第一中央控制单元,其中第一中央控制单元和多个节点电子单元通信连接到数字网络上,并且第一中央控制单元构造成从多个节点电子单元接收数字信号,从该数字信号确定配电系统的运行状态,以及将数字信号发送给多个节点电子单元,这样使得断路器可从第一中央控制单元进行操作。
附图说明
图1是配电系统的代表性示意图;
图2是节点电源系统的代表性示意图;
图3是中央控制处理单元的代表性示意图,该中央处理单元可与图1所示的配电系统使用;
图4是节点电子单元的代表性示意图,该节点电子单元可与图1所示的配电系统使用;
图5是断路器的代表性示意图,该断路器可与图1所示的配电系统使用;
图6是示出用于操作图1所示的配电系统的方法200的代表性实施例的流程图;
图7是示出用于操作图1所示的配电系统的方法300的代表性实施例的流程图;
图8是示出用于操作图1所示的配电系统的方法400的代表性实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了例如由工业企业使用的配电系统10的代表性示意图。在代表性实施例中,系统10包括至少一个主馈电系统12,配电总线14,多个电力电路开关或断流器,这里也称作断路器(CB)16,以及至少一个负载18,该负载例如但不局限于电动机,焊接机,计算机,加热器,照明设备,和/或其他电气设备。
使用中,将电力从能源(未示出)供给主馈电系统12,即,例如开关板。该能源诸如但并不局限于从例如核反应堆,烧煤锅炉,燃气轮发电机以及柴油发电机获得动力的蒸汽涡轮机。供给主馈电系统12的电力使用断路器16分成多个支路,断路器16将电力提供给工业企业中的各种负载18上。另外,在各支路中提供断路器16以有助于保护设备,即,负载18,该负载18连接在各支路中。此外,这是因为可将特殊负载18通电或者断电而不影响其他负载18,因此断路器16有助于使设备故障达到最小,从而增加效率,以及减小操作和制造成本。
配电系统10包括断路器控制保护系统19,控制保护系统19包括多个节点电子单元20,并且每个节点电子单元20电连接到数字网络22上。断路器控制保护系统19还包括至少一个中央控制处理单元(CCPU)24,该中央控制处理单元24通过开关23电连接到数字网络22上,该开关23例如但并不局限于以太网(Ethernet)开关23。在使用中,每个单独的节点电子单元20电连接到各自的断路器16上,这样CCPU24通过数字网络22并通过相应的节点电子单元20电连接到每个断路器16上。
在代表性实施例中,数字网络22为快速以太网(Fast Ethernet)协议网络。在另一实施例中,数字网络22包括,例如,至少一个局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN),拨号连接(dial-in-connection),电缆调制解调器,以及专用高速ISDN线。数字网络22还包括能互连到Internet上的任何设备,这些设备包括基于网络的电话机,个人数字助理(PDA),或其他基于网络的连接设备。值得注意的是数字网络22网络可基于IEEE 802.3(u)及其后继标准(successor)的未来修改进行升级。还应该注意的是数字网络22构造成例如星形拓扑。
在一个实施例中,CCPU24是计算机,并包括设备26,例如软盘驱动器或者CD-ROM驱动器,从而有助于读取来自计算机可读媒介28的指令和/或数据,计算机可读媒介28如软盘或CD-ROM。在另一个实施例中,CCPU24执行存储在固件(未示出)中的指令。将CCPU24进行编程以实现在此描述的功能,但其他可编程电路可同样进行编程。因此,如此处所使用的,术语计算机并不局限于现有技术中称作计算机的那些集成电路,而是广泛地指计算机,处理器,微控制器,微机,可编程逻辑控制器,专用集成电路及其他可编程电路。另外,尽管描述在配电设备中,也可考虑本发明对包括工业系统的所有配电系统产生有益之处,例如,但不局限于安装在办公楼中的配电系统。
图2是示出了与配电系统10(示于图1)并尤其与断路器控制保护系统19(示于图1)使用的节点配电系统29的代表性示意图。节点配电系统29包括电源30,该电源30通过节点配电总线32电连接到节点电子单元20上。在代表性实施例中,电源30是不间断电源(UPS)。在一个实施例中,电源30接收来自配电系统10的电能并且然后将该电能通过节点配电总线32分配给节点电子单元20。在可替换实施例中,不将电能供给电源30,而是,电源30采用内部电源将电能提供给节点电子单元20,该内部电源例如但不局限于多个电池(未示出)。在另一个可替换实施例中,节点电子单元20由从电流传感器82和/或电压传感器84得到的二次电流提供电能。在该实施例中,断路器控制保护系统19不包括节点配电系统29,电源30或节点配电总线32。
图3是CCPU24的代表性示意图。CCPU24包括至少一个存储器装置40,该存储器装置例如但不局限于只读存储器(ROM)42,快速存储器44,和/或随机存取存储器(RAM)46。CCPU24还包括中央处理器单元(CPU)48,该中央处理器单元4 8电连接到至少一个存储器装置40上,还连接到内部总线50,通信接口52以及通信处理器54上。在代表性实施例中,CCPU24是印刷电路板,并且包括电源56,从而提供电能给印刷电路板上的多个设备。
此外,在代表性实施例中,内部总线50包括地址总线,数据总线,以及控制总线。在使用中,地址总线构造成使CPU48对多个内部存储器位置或输入/输出接口进行访问,该输入/输出接口例如但不局限于通过通信处理器5 4的通信接口52,以及通过网关处理器58的网关接口57。该数据总线构造成在CPU48和至少一个输入/输出之间发送指令和/或数据,并且控制总线构造成在多个设备之间发送信号从而有助于确保这些设备同步运行。在代表性实施例中,内部总线50是双向总线,这样使得信号可在内部总线50上的任何一个方向上发送。CCPU24还包括至少一个存储装置60,存储装置60构造成存储多个通过内部总线50发送的信息。
在使用中,网关接口57通过互联网链接62或内联网62与远程工作站(未示出)进行通信。在代表性实施例中,远程工作站是包括网络浏览器的个人计算机。尽管描述了单个工作站,此处描述的这种功能可在与网关接口57连接的多台个人计算机的一台上实现。例如,网关接口57可通信连接到各种单机上并连接到第三方上,单机包括本地操作机,第三方如通过ISP互联网连接的远程系统操作机。在该代表性实施例中的通信示出为通过互联网实现,然而,任何其他广域网(WAN)型的通信可在其他实施例中使用,其他实施例即,系统和方法不限于通过互联网实现。在一个实施例中,信息在网关接口57上接收并通过CCPU24和数字网络22发送给节点电子单元20。在另一个实施例中,从节点电子单元20发送的信息在通信接口52上接收并通过网关接口57发送给互联网62。
图4是单个节点电子单元20的代表性示意图。在该代表性实施例中,节点电子单元20是远离CCPU24和断路器16安装的单一设备。在代表性实施例中,节点电子单元20与断路器16隔开,但靠近断路器16。在代表性实施例中,节点电子单元20是印刷电路板。
在一个实施例中,节点电子单元20接收从多个设备输入的信号,这些设备例如但并不局限于电流传感器82,电压传感器84,和/或断路器16。来自断路器16的状态信号包括与断路器的一个或多个状态相关的信号,例如但并不局限于辅助开关状态,以及弹簧装载开关状态。另外,节点电子单元20至少发送信号给断路器16以便控制断路器的一个或多个状态。
在使用中,信号通过节点电子单元20发送到CCPU24和数字网络22上。节点电子单元20接收该信号并将数字消息打包,该数字消息包括信号和与节点电子单元20的质量(health)和状态相关的附加数据。该质量和状态数据可包括信息,该信息基于由内部诊断程序发现的问题和自测程序的状态,自测程序在节点电子单元20内本地运行。CCPU24使用一个或多个保护算法,监测算法以及其任意组合处理数字消息。响应数字消息的处理,CCPU24通过数字网络22将数字消息返还给节点电子单元20。在代表性实施例中,节点电子单元20通过响应从CCPU24接收的数字消息的信号来激励断路器16。在一个实施例中,响应仅由CCPU24发送的命令来激励断路器16,即,断路器16不受节点电子单元20本地控制,而是基于从网络22上的节点电子单元20接收的数字消息从CCPU24远程操作。
图5是电连接到节点电子单元20上的断路器16的代表性示意图。在该代表性实施例中,断路器16包括开关组件,该开关组件包括可动和/或固定触头,抑弧装置,以及跳闸和操作机构。断路器16仅包括一个跳闸线圈100,闭合线圈102,辅助开关104,弹簧装载开关106,以及电动机108。断路器16不包括跳闸单元。断路器16的各种元件(如,跳闸线圈100,闭合线圈102,辅助开关104,弹簧装载开关106,电动机108)可由节点电子单元20提供电能。可替换地,断路器16可由从电流传感器82和/或电压传感器84得到的二次电流提供电能。
断路器16与节点电子单元20通过线束电气通信,其中该线束可包括铜导线,通信管道,及其任一组合。电流传感器82,以及电压传感器84与节点电子单元20通过电缆进行电气通信,该电缆可包括铜导线,通信管道,及其任一组合。在代表性实施例中,断路器16是靠近节点电子单元20,电流传感器82,以及电压传感器84安装的单一设备。
在使用中,将来自节点电子单元20的激励信号发送给断路器16,从而激励断路器16中的多个功能,例如,但并不局限于,操作跳闸线圈100,操作闭合线圈102,以及影响断路器闭锁特征。辅助开关104和操作弹簧装载开关106提供断路器参数的状态指示给节点电子单元20。电动机108构造成对工作弹簧进行再装载,当断路器16闭合后构造成为闭合弹簧(未示出)。值得注意的是电动机108可包括,例如,弹簧装载开关,能对跳闸弹簧进行再装载的螺线管和其他任一种电子-机械装置。为了闭合断路器16,闭合线圈102由来自激励电源模块(未示出)的关断信号通电。闭合线圈102激励闭合机构(未示出),该闭合机构将至少一个可动电气触头(未示出)连接到相应的固定电气触头(未示出)上。断路器16的闭合机构锁定在闭合位置,这样使得当闭合线圈102断电时断路器16保持闭合。当断路器16闭合时,辅助开关104的“a”触头也将闭合并且辅助开关104的“b”触头将打开。“a”和“b”触头的位置由节点电子单元20进行检测。为了打开断路器16,节点电子单元20向跳闸线圈(TC)100通电。TC100直接作用于断路器16上以释放保持断路器16闭合的锁定机构。当锁定机构释放时,断路器16将打开,打开辅助开关104的“a”触头并闭合辅助开关104的“b”触头。然后跳闸线圈100由节点电子单元20断电。在断路器16打开后,与由电动机108进行再装载的闭合弹簧一起,断路器16为下一个工作周期作准备。在代表性实施例中,每个节点电子单元20以一对一的对应关系连接到断路器16上。例如,每个节点电子单元20仅与一个断路器16直接通信。在可替换实施例中,节点电子单元20可与多个断路器16进行通信。
图6是用于操作图1所示的配电系统10的方法200的代表性实施例的流程图。用于监测和控制配电系统10的方法200包括将多个断路器16电气连接202到配电母线14上,并且将多个节点电子单元20电气连接到断路器16上,其中每个节点电子单元20远离与节点电子单元20相关的断路器16进行安装,并且每个单独的断路器16和每个单独的节点电子单元20电气或通信连接。在代表性实施例中,节点电子单元20通过线束连接到相关的断路器16上。在可替换实施例中,节点电子单元20通过例如但不局限于光纤线路或无线链路通信连接到断路器16上。每个单独的节点电子单元20构造成从单个断路器16接收信号,并发送信号给单个断路器16。CCPU24和多个节点电子单元20通信连接到数字网络22上。CCPU24构造成从多个节点电子单元20接收数字信号并发送数字信号给多个节点电子单元20,这样使得断路器16可从CCPU24进行操作。在代表性实施例中,断路器16和节点电子单元20以一对一的对应关系进行连接,即,每个断路器16仅从一个节点电子单元20进行连接和接收信号,并且每个节点电子单元20仅与一个断路器16进行连接。同样地,与每个断路器16相关的一组传感器与该断路器16相关的单个节点电子单元20连接。这组传感器以一对一的对应关系连接到节点电子单元20上,其中每个传感器将与一个断路器16相关的电气参数发送给与该断路器16相关的仅一个节点电子单元20。在代表性实施例中,传感器与节点电子单元20电气连接。在可替换实施例中,传感器和节点电子单元20可通过例如但不局限于光纤线路或无线链路来进行通信连接。每个断路器16的动作由与其相关的节点电子单元20进行启动,并且每个断路器16仅具有手动跳闸和它本身的闭合可操作性。在一个实施例中,断路器16的手动或本地可操作性可由CCPU24激励的联锁命令所取代。节点电子单元20激励断路器内部动作命令或传递从CCPU24到断路器16的断路器动作命令。CCPU24通过广播消息在网络22上以数据包发送断路器动作命令。每个节点电子单元20接收在网络22上发送的所有广播消息,并且分析每个数据包从而提取专门针对每个节点电子单元20的数据和命令。
方法200包括由CCPU24接收204来自至少一个节点电子单元20的数据。节点电子单元20接收来自相应的断路器16和每个传感器的数据并通过在网络22上发送的单播(unicast)消息将从断路器16接收的原始数据发送给CCPU24。单播消息是在对特定节点寻址的网络22上发送的消息,这样使得接收单播消息的任何其他节点将不处理该消息。在代表性实施例中,每个节点电子单元20发送单播消息给连接到网络22上的每个CCPU24,并且没有节点电子单元20处理寻址到任一CCPU24的单播消息。原始数据可包括运行值和状态信息,该状态信息除了以与网络22上的传输兼容的数字形式打包该数据以外,并没有由节点电子单元20进行处理。CCPU24接收204来自系统10上运行的每个节点电子单元20的数据包。该数据包包括例如,但不局限于,断路器负载电流和电压值,断路器状态信息,节点电子单元状态,以及由专门针对断路器16和节点电子单元20的运行情况的节点电子单元20所包括的其他状态信息,该断路器状态信息包括断路器打开,断路器闭合和弹簧加载状态。从所有的节点电子单元20接收204的数据包,在CCPU24上运行的算法确定206配电系统状态。来自所有节点电子单元20的数据进行吸收以产生配电系统10的运行的公共信息设置。采用该公共信息设置,CCPU24确定208满足CCPU24上运行的系统优化算法的一组CCPU命令及动作。在一个实施例中,该组CCPU命令和动作包括保护命令和动作210,中继命令和动作212,监测命令和动作214,以及控制命令和动作216。
保护命令和动作210包括,例如但不局限于瞬时过电流动作,短时过电流动作,长时间过电流动作,接地故障动作,以及区域选择性互锁动作。瞬时过电流动作,短时过电流动作,长时间过电流动作与时间对应曲线的关系相关,该时间对应曲线关系确定为了保护电路上故障情况下的负载、互连电缆、开关装置母线(bussing)和/或断路器16,何时断路器16将跳闸。通常,故障电流的幅值越高,在执行动作以隔离故障之前的可允许的时间延迟越短。接地故障动作通过操作跳闸断路器16而打开故障电路所有未接地的导体,从而提供了针对线对地的故障电流的设备保护,并且区域选择性互锁动作可通过减小花费在清除故障上的时间来用于减少故障情况下配电设备上的应力,同时保持系统在过电流保护设备之间协调。区域选择性互锁动作确定断路器跳闸值的最佳设置,该断路器跳闸值包括例如,瞬时、短期、以及长期电流跳闸。另外,区域选择性互锁动作能在断路器跳闸之前将负载改线,从而避免跳闸而不是执行断路器跳闸。区域选择性互锁动作是软件算法,因此这种区域互锁跳闸表可在系统10中的情况改变时进行修订而不需重新布线硬件互锁控制器或者重新编程,如至少某些已知的软件互锁控制器中所需要的。
中继命令和动作212包括电压动作,频率动作,接地故障中继动作,总线差动动作。
监测命令和动作214包括断路器电流,断路器电压,电源系统事件,一组电源质量参数,计量功能,以及质量/可靠性指示。电源系统事件可包括负载警告,跳闸指示,以及波形捕获。计量功能可包括能流,以及需求。
控制命令和动作216包括,例如,基本功能,以及系统功能。该基本功能包括手动功能,启动功能,以及维持功能。该系统功能可包括自动转接功能,平衡电源功能,以及升负载功能。平衡电源功能预先主动(pro-actively)确定配电系统10的最佳电源排列(line-up)。借助采用通过节点电子单元20的所有的断路器16和传感器的公共负载电流数据,CCPU24计算电源裕度,及操作并且确定满足预定标准的最佳电源排列。
将所确定208的一组CCPU命令和动作在整个网络22上从CCPU24发送218给所有的节点电子单元20。在一个实施例中,所发送218的一组CCPU命令和动作包括断路器打开和闭合指令222。每个节点电子单元20接收用于所有节点电子单元20的信息,并移走专门针对它及它的相关断路器16的数据。每个节点电子单元20刷新其存储的内容以与所接收的信息相结合。每个节点电子单元20根据所接收的信息发送信号给它的相关断路器16,从而操作224断路器16。
在使用中,方法200有助于通过集中控制结构和基于条件的动作来提供先进的优化保护系统及自适应控制。在代表性实施例中,配电系统10包括断路器控制保护系统结构,该系统结构具有集中控制,即,有助于提供各种优化保护的CCPU24,其中各种优化保护基于从位于系统10中的不同位置的节点电子单元20和断路器16得到的多个公共信息。所有的系统信息,包括断路器状态信息和与每个断路器相关的电压和电流,从本地节点电子单元20发送到与每个断路器16处于一对一的对应关系的中央位置。另外断路器16的多个物理关联参数由节点电子单元20读取有助于监测多个物理状态,该物理状态例如,但并不局限于,断路器打开状态,断路器闭合状态,以及断路器联锁状态,以及执行来自每个断路器16的动作指令的多个响应。此外,采用基于快速通信协议的网络结构有助于确保与已知跳闸单元几乎相同的等待时间。例如,由于所有的原始(未进行处理的)数据发送给CCPU24,CCPU24可基于从所有的电子节点单元20提供的所有信息来实现优化和自适应控制。因此,由CCPU24作出确定是基于从所有的电子节点单元20接收的公共信息,而不是在每个断路器上正常提供的本地信息。在一个实施例中,优化保护程序,包括设备即断路器16层中的保护的优化协调,通过CCPU24实现,这样使得仅有一个最接近故障的断路器16由CCPU24进行跳闸。另外,后备保护设置在最靠近故障的层上。
在另一个代表性实施例中,CCPU24构造成调节每个断路器16的跳闸时间延迟,从而有助于响应CCPU24上检测的短路的严重性。另外,提供电源变化或从一个电源到另一个电源的优化切换的一个或多个的优化选择。上述实施例作为优化的特定实施例进行描述,因此,此处描述的系统10并不局限于这些特定描述的优化。
在使用中,系统10有助于基于系统的多个数据和情况监测来提供系统广泛优化保护。另外,具有灵活延时的实时动作可以实现,并且一组低成本断路器通过节点或本地电子的使用而进入到高速网络中。因为所有的节点电子单元20采用单数字网络进行连接,系统10也有助于减少布线要求,并且有助于通过监测电流和电压在故障之前为系统10提供早期的故障警告。此外,后备保护,设置在最接近故障的层最近的地方上,有助于改进协调性,这是因为不需要在每个单独的断路器之间发信号。
图7是示出用于操作图1所示的配电系统10的方法300的代表性实施例的流程图。用于监测和控制配电系统10的方法300包括发送302多个断路器传感器数据给单个节点电子单元,其中每个节点电子单元20远离多个断路器16进行安装,并且每个单独的断路器16与每个单独的节点电子单元20电连接。方法300还包括采用数字网络22发送304从每个单独的节点电子单元接收的数据给多个CCPU24,以及采用从多个节点电子单元20接收的数据重建306系统10排列,以及基于重建306的系统10排列采用多个CCPU24的至少一个来改变308系统10排列。
在一个实施例中,每个单独的节点电子单元20存储从它的单个断路器16中接收的状态信息,并将该数据发送304给多个CCPU24。每个CCPU24然后基于所接收的信息能重建306系统10的状态信息。在使用中,由至少一个CCPU24进行的动作将改变系统10的状态。这种改变然后由每个单独的节点电子单元20进行本地存储,并向所有的CCPU24进行通信。因此,每个CCPU24然后可推断由其他CCPU24进行的动作而不必保持其间的中间处理器通信。在导致其易失存储器的内容缺损的CCPU24故障的事件中,每个CCPU24可基于从每个节点电子单元20接收的信息迅速重建系统10的状态。另外,在“热后备”系统中,无效CCPU24推断系统10的状态所需要的时间可大大减小。其中在“热后备”系统中一次仅有一个冗余CCPU24工作。
在使用中,每个节点电子单元20接收其单个断路器16的状态和传感器数据,然后将该数据存储在节点电子单元20中,并发送到CCPU24中以实现计算和控制功能。如果至少一个CCPU24经历数据缺损或进行复位,冗余CCPU24可通过得到来自每个节点电子单元20的多个本地信息而重建系统10的状态。因此,每个CCPU24可确定系统10的状态而不与第二CCPU24直接进行通信,由此确保每个CCPU24与每个其他的CCPU24隔离,并减小了多个控制器同步的需要。
因此,配电系统10包括冗余控制系统,其中一个CCPU24的动作基于由每个节点电子单元20通知的状态进行推断,这是因为每个断路器16的状态信息在其单个节点电子单元20上本地提供。另外,采用冗余CCPU,每个节点电子单元20成为冗余CCPU24之间的通信机构,由此减小CCPU24之间的任何直接通信的需要。
在使用中,冗余CCPU24有助于使得在CCPU24的电源故障或损坏后每个CCPU24快速重建306系统10信息,而不必将该信息保持在每个CCPU24非易失存储器中,由此减小每个冗余CCPU24上非易失存储器的需要,并且确保一个CCPU24的电源损坏,而不将系统10保持在未知状态。
图8是示出用于操作图1示出的配电系统10的方法400的代表性实施例的流程图。方法400包括由至少一个节点电子单元20接收402来自至少一个CCPU24的CCPU命令和动作。每个节点电子单元20还确定404本地命令和动作。每个节点电子单元20包括CCPU24的程序代码和公共信息设置的子设置的镜像(mirror)。每个CCPU在其存储器中包括与配电系统10整体相关的程序代码和公共信息设置。每个节点电子单元20在其存储器中仅包括如此多的配电系统10信息,该信息对监测与其相应的断路器相关、将数据传递给CCPU24,并且为其相关断路器产生执行指令的情况是必要的。在节点电子单元20接收来自CCPU24的CCPU命令和动作并且节点电子单元20确定本地命令和动作之后,节点电子单元20比较406该CCPU命令和动作以及本地命令和动作。CCPU命令和动作与本地命令和动作之间的区别可指示出问题。在一个实施例中,CCPU命令和动作与本地命令和动作之间的区别由指令确定模块进行判断,该指令确定模块采用判断算法以确定哪组命令和动作用作确定从节点电子单元20发送到断路器16的执行指令。在另一个实施例中,节点电子单元20确定408是否CCPU24已经发送软件本地动作中断信号。软件本地动作中断信号是作为CCPU24的消息的一部分发送的信号或位。软件本地动作中断信号的出现表示在节点电子单元20和CCPU24之间恰当的通信。软件本地动作中断信号还向节点电子单元20表示,在该节点电子单元20中,执行CCPU24命令和动作而不是本地命令和动作。同样,当节点电子单元20和CCPU之间失去通信时,软件或实际本地动作中断信号将不出现。在这种情况下,基于本地确定的命令和动作,节点电子单元20将发送412执行指令给断路器16。如果实际本地动作中断信号出现,基于从CCPU24发送的CCPU命令和动作,节点电子单元20发送410执行命令给断路器16。
在另一个代表性实施例中,CCPU24包括集中控制算法,该算法包括多个保护功能以控制每个单独的节点电子单元20,并且每个单独的节点电子单元20包括存储在CCPU24中的集中算法的子集。在一个实施例中,存储在节点电子单元20的算法是激活的。在另一个实施例中,存储在节点电子单元20的算法是待用的。
在使用中,当电子单元20与CCPU24失去通信时,存储在电子单元20中的算法被激活以维持系统10动作。可替换地,当,如果本地保护功能当前是激活的,这些功能的确定可与集中控制器的确定以表决形式进行比较。它们也可用作后备保护,同时它们的参数设定为更高的阈值,使得如果集中控制器不能实现该功能时将仍然实现该保护功能。在一个实施例中,当中央控制器检测出故障模式时,该故障模式使得其不能正确实现它的控制和保护功能,本地节点指示为激活其本地保护算法。因此设置冗余性和可靠性的附加层而不牺牲中央控制系统的灵活性,并且使得保护功能的子集在节点电子单元上执行。另外,承受这些结果(以及结果的可用性)的节点电子单元执行保护功能的保护性动作,这些保护功能在节点电子单元本地并在CCPU24远端执行。
在一个实施例中,本地保护功能参数设定为最高安全极限。在配电系统的情况下,这可为断路器的壳体额定值(frame rating)。典型地,集中控制算法将具有设定在最大断路器额定值以下的参数。在CCPU24保护本地设备失败时,本地设备然后能执行它自己的保护功能。在另一个实施例中,本地设备仅在其监测与CCPU24失去通信后执行其保护功能,或如果本地控制无效,节点电子单元将响应CCPU24。在另一个实施例中,系统10包括冗余控制器系统,在冗余控制器系统中本地节点电子单元本身作为冗余控制器之间的联络中断器。
上述的配电系统成本低并具有高可靠性。每个系统包括中央控制单元以及网络设备,从而有助于保护一组开关装置。每个断路器本地的设备监测来自靠近每个断路器的传感器的电压和电流信号。中央控制接收来自高速网络上的所有设备的所有监测信号。该中央控制基于公共电压和电流信号对每个断路器执行保护和优化算法。该方法在存在本地、非网络保护上具有性能优点。在许多过电流故障中,故障级可出现在电气保护层中的多个级上。支路、馈电线、以及主断路器均可“看见”该故障。通过设定更长的延迟,保护工程师可部分避免该问题。这导致在引起更大损坏的层中出现高级故障,并且仍将导致多个设备中断,停止不具有故障的电路上的电气服务。因此,该配电系统有助于以成本降低和可靠方式操作的配电系统的保护和优化。
配电系统元件的代表性实施例在上面详细描述。这些元件并不局限于在此描述的特定实施例,而是,每个系统的元件可单独采用并与在此描述的其他元件分开。每个配电系统元件也可与其他配电系统元件结合使用。
尽管本发明已经依据各种特定实施例进行描述,本领域的技术人员知道本发明可用落入权利要求的精神和范围内的改变来实施。

Claims (41)

1.一种用于监测和控制配电系统的方法,所述方法包括:
从多个节点电子单元的至少一个发送第一信号给中央控制单元,所述多个节点电子单元中的每一个远离相应的断路器并和相应的断路器进行通信;以及
发送第二信号给所述多个节点电子单元,使得从所述第一中央控制单元可操作所述断路器。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一信号是数字信号,代表从由每个节点电子单元的运行状态、每个断路器的运行状态、在所述配电系统中电源的电能情况以及前述的任一组合所组成的组中选择的参数。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一信号代表从由线路电压,负载电流以及所述断路器的状态所组成的组中选择的至少一个参数。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述断路器为三相断路器。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一信号为原始运行状态数据信号。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括基于所述第一信号确定配电系统的运行状态。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,进一步包括确定一组所述中央控制单元命令和动作。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中所述的一组所述中央控制单元命令和动作是从由保护功能,中继功能,监测功能,计量功能,控制功能以及保护曲线功能所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述保护功能是从由瞬时过电流动作,短时过电流动作,长时间过电流动作,接地故障动作以及区域选择性互锁动作所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述中继功能是从由电压动作,频率动作,接地故障中继动作,以及总线差动动作所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述监测功能是从由断路器电流,断路器电压,电源系统事件,一组电能质量参数,以及质量/可用性指示所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述电源系统事件是从由负载警告,跳闸显示,拾取以及波形捕获所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述计量功能是从由能流和能量需求所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
14.根据权利要求8的方法,其中确定控制功能包括确定基本功能,以及系统功能的至少一种。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述基本功能是从由手动功能,启动功能以及维持功能所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
16.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述系统功能是从由自动转接功能,平衡电源功能,甩负载功能以及升负载功能所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
17.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述保护曲线功能为远程保护曲线功能和/或本地保护曲线功能。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其中所述远程保护曲线功能包括确定多个第一限流调整点,每个所述第一限流调整点对应于第一时间延迟值。
19.根据权利要求17的方法,其中所述本地保护曲线功能包括确定多个第二限流调整点,每个所述第二限流调整点对应于第二时间延迟值,其中每个所述第一限流调整点大于每个所述第二限流调整点。
20.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述中继功能是从由逆功率功能,低频率功能,过电压功能,欠电压功能,过电流功能,以及差动中继功能所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
21.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第二信号是从由系统状态信号,一组中央控制单元命令和动作信号,以及本地动作中断信号所组成的组中选择的至少一种数字信号。
22.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第二信号从由接地故障限流设定,过电压限制设定,欠电压限制设定,以及断路器本地保护曲线所组成的组中选择。
23.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在所述节点电子单元中确定一组本地保护命令和动作。
24.根据权利要求23的方法,进一步包括:
基于从由中央控制单元命令和动作,本地保护命令和动作,以及本地动作中断信号所组成的组中选择的至少一种执行指令,确定一组执行命令;以及
基于所述一组执行命令来操作相关的断路器。
25.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述第二信号包括数字信号,该数字信号包括指向所述多个节点电子单元中的每一个的数据。
26.根据权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在每个节点电子单元上接收所述第二信号以及从所述第二信号提取指向相应的节点电子单元的所有数据。
27.一种配电系统,包括:
多个断路器,与所述配电系统的电源连接;
一个相应的节点电子单元,远离所述多个断路器的相应的一个并与所述多个断路器的相应的一个进行通信;以及
通信网络,与每个所述节点电子单元进行通信;以及第一中央控制单元,所述第一中央控制单元通过所述通信网络通信连接到所述多个断路器上,使得所述第一中央控制单元可操作所述多个断路器。
28.根据权利要求27的配电系统,其中基于仅来自于所述多个断路器的所述相应的一个的信息,所述第一中央控制单元可操作所述多个断路器的所述相应的一个。
29.根据权利要求27的配电系统,其中基于仅来自于所述多个断路器的一个或多个的信息,所述第一中央控制单元可操作所述多个断路器的所述相应的一个。
30.根据权利要求27的配电系统,进一步包括传感器,用于将所述多个断路器的每一个连接到所述配电系统的所述电源上。
31.根据权利要求30的配电系统,其中所述传感器从由电压传感器、电流传感器及其任一组合所组成的组中进行选择。
32.根据权利要求27的配电系统,其中所述节点电子单元发送代表运行状态的至少一个数字信号给所述第一中央控制单元。
33.根据权利要求32的配电系统,其中所述至少一个数字信号从由电压、电流、所述多个断路器的所述相应的一个的状态、本地系统状态、逻辑状态,和所述节点电子单元、相关断路器及其任一组合的质量状态所组成的组中进行选择。
34.根据权利要求33的配电系统,其中所述至少一个数字信号是原始运行状态数据信号。
35.根据权利要求32的配电系统,其中所述第一中央控制单元进一步构造成基于所述运行状态确定一组中央控制单元命令和动作。
36.根据权利要求35的配电系统,其中所述的一组中央控制单元命令和动作是从由自动转接功能,平衡电源功能,甩负载功能,以及升负载设置所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
37.根据权利要求32的配电系统,其中所述数字信号是从由系统状态,基于所述配电系统的所述运行状态的一组中央控制单元命令和动作,本地动作中断信号以及断路器本地保护曲线所组成的组中选择的至少一种。
38.根据权利要求37的配电系统,其中所述节点电子单元基于所述数字信号确定一组本地保护命令和动作。
39.根据权利要求27的配电系统,其中所述数字信号包括指向所述多个节点电子单元的每一个的数据。
40.根据权利要求39的配电系统,其中所述多个节点电子单元的每一个分析所述数字信号,从而提取指向所述相应的节点电子单元的所有的所述数据。
41.根据权利要求27的配电系统,其中所述配电系统进一步可变:
第二通信网络;以及
第二中央控制单元。
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