CA2497043A1 - Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants - Google Patents
Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2497043A1 CA2497043A1 CA002497043A CA2497043A CA2497043A1 CA 2497043 A1 CA2497043 A1 CA 2497043A1 CA 002497043 A CA002497043 A CA 002497043A CA 2497043 A CA2497043 A CA 2497043A CA 2497043 A1 CA2497043 A1 CA 2497043A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- protrusion
- receptacle
- implant
- load bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 32
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 51
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/006—Pressing and sintering powders, granules or fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
- A61F2/4425—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/303—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/361—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles with pressing members independently movable of the parts for opening or closing the mould, e.g. movable pistons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/30004—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
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- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/30084—Materials having a crystalline structure
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2310/0058—Coating made of diamond or of diamond-like carbon DLC
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/04—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds
- B29C2043/043—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds rotating on their own axis without linear displacement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/361—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles with pressing members independently movable of the parts for opening or closing the mould, e.g. movable pistons
- B29C2043/3615—Forming elements, e.g. mandrels or rams or stampers or pistons or plungers or punching devices
- B29C2043/3618—Forming elements, e.g. mandrels or rams or stampers or pistons or plungers or punching devices plurality of counteracting elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
An articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants having a first component (60074) with a concave surface end and a corresponding second element (60075 ) having a convex surface. The two components form a device with diamond to diamond contact at the articulation point.
Claims (24)
1. An articulating diamond-surfaced prosthetic spinal implant for implantation between vertebrae in a human body, the implant comprising:
a first component, said first component having a convex protruding dome member, said dome member including a first component load bearing and articulation surface, said first component load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by a sintered polycrystalline diamond table, said sintered polycrystalline diamond table in said first component serving to provide a durable, biocompatible and low-friction surface for articulation of the implant, a second component, said second component having a concave trough, said trough having a shape and size that permits said protruding dome member to protrude therein, said trough having a shape and size that permits contact of said protruding dome member therewith at a plurality of contact points, said trough including a second component load bearing and articulation surface, said second component load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by a sintered polycrystalline diamond table, said sintered polycrystalline diamond table in said second component serving to provide a durable, biocompatible and low-friction surface for articulation of the implant, said first component being movable with respect to said second component in at a point that has diamond to diamond contact between said first and second components.
a first component, said first component having a convex protruding dome member, said dome member including a first component load bearing and articulation surface, said first component load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by a sintered polycrystalline diamond table, said sintered polycrystalline diamond table in said first component serving to provide a durable, biocompatible and low-friction surface for articulation of the implant, a second component, said second component having a concave trough, said trough having a shape and size that permits said protruding dome member to protrude therein, said trough having a shape and size that permits contact of said protruding dome member therewith at a plurality of contact points, said trough including a second component load bearing and articulation surface, said second component load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by a sintered polycrystalline diamond table, said sintered polycrystalline diamond table in said second component serving to provide a durable, biocompatible and low-friction surface for articulation of the implant, said first component being movable with respect to said second component in at a point that has diamond to diamond contact between said first and second components.
2. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said first component and said second component are able to articulate with respect to each other to provide rotation about the axial, coronal and/or sagittal axes of the human spine.
3. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said first component and said second component are able to articulate with respect to each other to provide translation in the axial plane of a human spine.
4. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said first component and said second component are able to articulate with respect to each other to provide rotation about the axial, coronal and/or sagittal axes of the human spine; and wherein said first component and said second component are able to articulate with respect to each other to provide translation in the axial plane of a human spine;
and wherein said rotation and translation accommodate anterior bending, posterior bending, lateral bending, twisting of a spine about its longitudinal axis, anterior translation, posterior translation and lateral translation.
and wherein said rotation and translation accommodate anterior bending, posterior bending, lateral bending, twisting of a spine about its longitudinal axis, anterior translation, posterior translation and lateral translation.
5. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said dome member has a shape that is at least partially spherical convex.
6. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second components include congruent bearing surfaces.
7. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second components include non-congruent bearing surfaces.
8. An implant as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
carbon to carbon bonds in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
carbon to carbon bonds in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
9. An implant as recited in claim 8 further comprising:
spa carbon bonds in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
spa carbon bonds in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
10. An implant as recited in claim 9 further comprising:
a crystalline diamond structure in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
a crystalline diamond structure in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
11. An implant as recited in claim 10 further comprising:
interstitial spaces in said crystalline diamond structure.
interstitial spaces in said crystalline diamond structure.
12. An implant as recited in claim 11 further comprising:
solvent-catalyst metal in said interstitial spaces.
solvent-catalyst metal in said interstitial spaces.
13. An implant as recited in claim 12 further comprising:
diamond to metal bonds between said solvent-catalyst metal and diamond in said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
diamond to metal bonds between said solvent-catalyst metal and diamond in said sintered polycrystalline diamond table.
14. An implant as recited in claim 13 wherein said solvent-catalyst metal was used to facilitate sintering of said polycrystalline diamond compact at high temperature and high pressure.
15. An implant as recited in claim 12 wherein said solvent-catalyst metal includes a material selected from the group consisting of Co, Cr and Mo.
16. An implant recited in claim 12 wherein said solvent-catalyst metal includes CoCr.
17. An implant as recited in claim 12 wherein said solvent-catalyst metal includes CoCrMo.
18. An implant as recited in claim 1 further comprising a gradient transition zone in at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond tables, said gradient transition zone having a first side and a second, said gradient transition zone having both solvent-catalyst metal and diamond therein, and said gradient transition zone exhibiting a transition of ratios of percentage content of solvent-catalyst metal to diamond from said first side to said second side such that at a first point in said gradient transition zone, the ratio of percentage content of solvent-catalyst metal to diamond is greater than it is at a second point in gradient transition zone.
19. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond tables is a free standing diamond table.
20. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond tables includes diamond sintered to a substrate.
21. An implant as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said sintered polycrystalline diamond tables includes a diamond table attached to a substrate.
22. An articulating diamond-surfaced prosthetic spinal implant for implantation between vertebrae in a human body, the implant comprising:
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and shaped to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and contact of said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface with said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces.
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and shaped to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and contact of said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface with said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces.
23. An articulating diamond-surfaced prosthetic spinal implant for implantation between vertebrae in a human body, the implant comprising:
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and shaped to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface contacting said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle occurring at a diamond to diamond contact point where diamond of said protrusion contacts diamond of said receptacle, said protrusion being pivotally movable with respect to said receptacle about said diamond to diamond contact point to provide translational or rotational movement of said protrusion with respect to said receptacle.
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and shaped to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface contacting said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle occurring at a diamond to diamond contact point where diamond of said protrusion contacts diamond of said receptacle, said protrusion being pivotally movable with respect to said receptacle about said diamond to diamond contact point to provide translational or rotational movement of said protrusion with respect to said receptacle.
24. An articulating diamond-surfaced prosthetic spinal implant for implantation between vertebrae in a human body, the implant comprising:
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion having a curvature defined by at least one radius R1, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said receptacle having a curvature defined by at least one radius R2, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and curved to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and to accommodate said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface contacting said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle occurring at a diamond to diamond contact point where diamond of said protrusion contacts diamond of said receptacle, said protrusion being translationally movable with respect to said receptacle in the axial plan of a human spine, said translational movement being accomplished by a sliding or rolling movement of diamond against diamond;
wherein R1 and R2 are chosen to accommodate said translational movement;
and wherein at least some of said translational movement occurs in the axial plane of a human spine about an arc of a circle having a radius R3 whose center is located at the base of the spinal process of a human spine, and wherein R3 is not equal to R1 or R2.
a protrusion, a protrusion load bearing and articulation surface located on said protrusion, said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said protrusion having a curvature defined by at least one radius R1, a receptacle, a receptacle load bearing and articulation surface located on said receptacle, said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface being formed at least in part by diamond, said receptacle having a curvature defined by at least one radius R2, said protrusion and said receptacle being sized and curved to accommodate said protrusion protruding into said receptacle, and to accommodate said protrusion load bearing and articulation surface contacting said receptacle load bearing and articulation surface, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle being accomplished by diamond to diamond contact of said protrusion and receptacle load bearing and articulation surfaces, said contact of said protrusion with said receptacle occurring at a diamond to diamond contact point where diamond of said protrusion contacts diamond of said receptacle, said protrusion being translationally movable with respect to said receptacle in the axial plan of a human spine, said translational movement being accomplished by a sliding or rolling movement of diamond against diamond;
wherein R1 and R2 are chosen to accommodate said translational movement;
and wherein at least some of said translational movement occurs in the axial plane of a human spine about an arc of a circle having a radius R3 whose center is located at the base of the spinal process of a human spine, and wherein R3 is not equal to R1 or R2.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/229,907 US7494507B2 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2002-08-28 | Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants |
US10/229,907 | 2002-08-28 | ||
PCT/US2003/027088 WO2004019830A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants |
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CA2497043A1 true CA2497043A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
CA2497043C CA2497043C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
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CA2497043A Expired - Lifetime CA2497043C (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | Articulating diamond-surfaced spinal implants |
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US (2) | US7494507B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1539052B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005537065A (en) |
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AU (1) | AU2003293277A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2497043C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60334305D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004019830A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200502467B (en) |
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-
2002
- 2002-08-28 US US10/229,907 patent/US7494507B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-28 AT AT03756789T patent/ATE481949T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-28 JP JP2004531910A patent/JP2005537065A/en active Pending
- 2003-08-28 EP EP03756789A patent/EP1539052B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-28 AU AU2003293277A patent/AU2003293277A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-28 DE DE60334305T patent/DE60334305D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-28 CA CA2497043A patent/CA2497043C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-28 WO PCT/US2003/027088 patent/WO2004019830A1/en active Application Filing
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2005
- 2005-03-24 ZA ZA200502467A patent/ZA200502467B/en unknown
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2007
- 2007-12-14 US US11/957,277 patent/US8016889B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP1539052A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
US8016889B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
EP1539052A4 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
US20080154380A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
US20030191533A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
EP1539052B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
ATE481949T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
AU2003293277A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
DE60334305D1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
WO2004019830A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
ZA200502467B (en) | 2006-02-22 |
JP2005537065A (en) | 2005-12-08 |
CA2497043C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US7494507B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
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Effective date: 20230828 |