CA2473553A1 - Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system - Google Patents
Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2473553A1 CA2473553A1 CA002473553A CA2473553A CA2473553A1 CA 2473553 A1 CA2473553 A1 CA 2473553A1 CA 002473553 A CA002473553 A CA 002473553A CA 2473553 A CA2473553 A CA 2473553A CA 2473553 A1 CA2473553 A1 CA 2473553A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- oxidant
- fuel cell
- delivered
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 148
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 69
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 69
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
A fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and an ion exchange membrane is supplied by hydrogen fuel through an anode fuel delivery conduit. A recirculation loop is provided to recycle gases in the fuel delivery conduit to a mixing point where a controlled flow rate of fuel is supplied and mixed therewith. Any oxidant species remaining in the fuel delivery conduit are thereby combusted in a controlled manner to avoid damage to the fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly. Small quantities of oxidant may be deliberately introduced into the fuel delivery conduit to generate water vapour and heat to pre-condition the fuel delivered to the anode. Such preconditioning assists in hydration control of the membrane, and temperature control of the membrane- electrode assembly for optimum fuel cell performance.
Claims (50)
1. A fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween, and having a fuel delivery conduit for supplying fuel from a fuel source to an active surface area of the anode and further comprising means for effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within the fuel delivery conduit.
2. A fuel cell according to claim 1 in which the fuel delivery conduit comprises a fluid flow field plate forming part of the anode, having a fluid flow channel extending therethrough; a fuel delivery inlet coupled to one end of the fluid flow channel; and a fuel delivery outlet coupled another end of the fluid flow channel.
3. A fuel cell according to claim 2 in which the means for effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within the fuel delivery conduit comprises:
a recirculation conduit extending between the fuel delivery outlet and a mixing point in the fuel delivery inlet, and a fluid flow regulator for controllably varying the quantity of fuel delivered to the mixing point.
a recirculation conduit extending between the fuel delivery outlet and a mixing point in the fuel delivery inlet, and a fluid flow regulator for controllably varying the quantity of fuel delivered to the mixing point.
4. A fuel cell according to claim 3 in which the mixing point comprises a reaction chamber for reacting fuel from said fluid flow regulator with oxidant species from said recirculation conduit.
5. A fuel cell according to claim 4 in which the reaction chamber includes a catalyst material.
6. A fuel cell according to claim 3 in which the mixing point comprises a pre-mixing chamber for mixing fuel from said fluid flow regulator with oxidant species from said recirculation conduit.
7. A fuel cell according to any preceding claim in which the recirculation conduit is switchably connected to the fuel delivery outlet by way of a two way valve.
8. A fuel cell according to any preceding claim further including detection means for detecting a level of oxidant species present in at least part of the fuel delivery conduit.
9. A fuel cell according to claim 8 in which the detection means comprises means for testing an open circuit voltage across the anode and cathode of the fuel cell.
10. A fuel cell according to claim 3 further including control means for switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode together with oxidant delivered via the recirculation conduit.
11. A fuel cell according to claim 3 further including control means for switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered into fuel delivery conduit together with oxidant delivered via the recirculation conduit.
12. A fuel cell according to claim 2 in which the means for effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within the fuel delivery conduit comprises an oxidant supply conduit extending from an oxidant supply to a mixing point in the fuel delivery inlet.
13. A fuel cell according to claim 12 further including an oxidant flow regulator for controllably varying the quantity of oxidant delivered to the mixing point.
14. A fuel cell according to claim 13 in which the oxidant flow regulator comprises a valve coupling the oxidant supply conduit to a cathode oxidant delivery conduit.
15. A fuel cell according to claim 12 in which the mixing point comprises a reaction chamber for reacting fuel from said fluid flow regulator with oxidant species from said oxidant supply conduit.
16. A fuel cell according to claim 15 in which the reaction chamber includes a catalyst material.
17. A fuel cell according to claim 1 further including means for effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within a cathode fluid delivery conduit.
18. A fuel cell according to claim 17 in which the cathode fluid delivery conduit comprises a fluid flow field plate forming part of the cathode, having a fluid flow channel extending therethrough; an oxidant delivery inlet coupled to one end of the cathode fluid flow channel; and an exhaust outlet coupled to another end of the cathode fluid flow channel.
19. A fuel cell according to claim 18 in which said means for effecting a controlled combustion within a cathode comprises a fuel supply conduit extending from an fuel supply to a mixing point in the oxidant delivery inlet.
20. A fuel cell according to claim 19 in which the mixing point comprises a ,reaction chamber for reacting fuel from said fuel supply conduit with oxidant species from said oxidant supply.
21. A fuel cell system including:
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
a fuel delivery conduit comprising:
a fluid flow field plate forming part of the anode, having a fluid flow channel extending therethrough;
a fuel delivery inlet coupled to one end of the fluid flow channel; and a fuel delivery outlet coupled another end of the fluid flow channel;
the fuel cell system further comprising a recirculation conduit extending between the fuel delivery outlet and a mixing point in the fuel delivery inlet.
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
a fuel delivery conduit comprising:
a fluid flow field plate forming part of the anode, having a fluid flow channel extending therethrough;
a fuel delivery inlet coupled to one end of the fluid flow channel; and a fuel delivery outlet coupled another end of the fluid flow channel;
the fuel cell system further comprising a recirculation conduit extending between the fuel delivery outlet and a mixing point in the fuel delivery inlet.
22. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 further including a fluid flow regulator for controllably varying the quantity of fuel delivered to the mixing point.
23. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 or claim 22 in which the mixing point comprises a reaction chamber for reacting fuel from said fluid flow regulator with oxidant species from said recirculation conduit.
24. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 or claim 22 in which the mixing point comprises a pre-mixing chamber for mixing fuel from said fluid flow regulator with oxidant species from said recirculation conduit.
25. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 in which the recirculation conduit is switchably connected to the fuel delivery outlet by way of a two way valve.
26. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 further including detection means for detecting a level of oxidant species present in at least part of the fuel delivery conduit.
27. A fuel cell according to claim 26 in which the detection means comprises means for testing an open circuit voltage across the anode and cathode of the fuel cell.
28. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 further including control means for switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode together with oxidant delivered via the recirculation conduit.
29. A fuel cell system according to claim 21 further including control means for switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered into fuel delivery conduit together with oxidant delivered via the recirculation conduit.
30. A fuel cell system including:
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
a fuel delivery conduit for delivering preconditioned fuel to the anode comprising:
a reaction chamber for reacting fuel and oxidant;
a fuel supply inlet for delivering fuel to the reaction chamber;
an oxidant supply inlet for supplying oxidant to the reaction chamber; and a reaction chamber outlet connected to the anode;
the reaction chamber being adapted so that at least a part of the fuel supply delivered thereto to is reacted with the oxidant supplied thereto to precondition the fuel being delivered to the anode.
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
a fuel delivery conduit for delivering preconditioned fuel to the anode comprising:
a reaction chamber for reacting fuel and oxidant;
a fuel supply inlet for delivering fuel to the reaction chamber;
an oxidant supply inlet for supplying oxidant to the reaction chamber; and a reaction chamber outlet connected to the anode;
the reaction chamber being adapted so that at least a part of the fuel supply delivered thereto to is reacted with the oxidant supplied thereto to precondition the fuel being delivered to the anode.
31. A fuel cell system according to claim 30 further including control means for controllably varying the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of humidification of the fuel stream delivered to the anode.
32. A fuel cell system according to claim 30 further including control means for controllably varying the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of pre-heat of the fuel stream delivered to the anode.
33. A fuel cell system including:
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
an oxidant delivery conduit for delivering preconditioned oxidant to the cathode comprising:
a reaction chamber for reacting fuel and oxidant;
a fuel supply inlet for delivering fuel to the reaction chamber;
an oxidant supply inlet for supplying oxidant to the reaction chamber; and a reaction chamber outlet connected to the cathode;
the reaction chamber being adapted so that at least a part of the oxidant supply delivered thereto to is reacted with the fuel supplied thereto to precondition the oxidant being delivered to the cathode.
a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween;
an oxidant delivery conduit for delivering preconditioned oxidant to the cathode comprising:
a reaction chamber for reacting fuel and oxidant;
a fuel supply inlet for delivering fuel to the reaction chamber;
an oxidant supply inlet for supplying oxidant to the reaction chamber; and a reaction chamber outlet connected to the cathode;
the reaction chamber being adapted so that at least a part of the oxidant supply delivered thereto to is reacted with the fuel supplied thereto to precondition the oxidant being delivered to the cathode.
34. A fuel cell system according to claim 33 further including control means for controllably varying the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of humidification of the oxidant stream delivered to the cathode.
35. A fuel cell system according to claim 33 further including control means for controllably varying the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of pre-heat of the oxidant stream delivered to the cathode.
36. Apparatus substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
37. A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween, comprising the steps of:
supplying fuel from a fuel source to an active surface area of the anode by way of a fuel delivery conduit; and effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within the fuel delivery conduit.
supplying fuel from a fuel source to an active surface area of the anode by way of a fuel delivery conduit; and effecting a controlled combustion of fuel and oxidant species within the fuel delivery conduit.
38. The method of claim 37 further including the step of recirculating fluid within the fluid delivery conduit to a mixing point upstream of the active surface area of the anode.
39. The method of claim 38 further including the step of consuming oxidant species at the mixing point, in a reaction chamber.
40. The method of claim 38 or claim 39 further including the step of controllably varying the quantity of fuel delivered to the mixing point.
41. The method of any one of claims 37 to 40 further including the step of detecting a level of oxidant species present in at least part of the fuel delivery conduit.
42. The method of claim 38 further including the steps of switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode together with oxidant delivered in the recirculated fluid.
43. The method of claim 38 further including the steps of switching the fuel cell between a normal mode of operation in which a relatively high flow rate of fuel is delivered to the anode and oxidant is delivered to the cathode, and a recirculation mode in which a relatively low flow rate of fuel is delivered into the fuel delivery conduit together with oxidant delivered in the recirculation fluid.
44. A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween, comprising the steps of:
supplying fuel from a fuel source to an active surface area of the anode by way of a fuel delivery conduit; and reacting fuel and oxidant in a reaction chamber upstream of the anode to precondition the fuel being delivered to the anode
supplying fuel from a fuel source to an active surface area of the anode by way of a fuel delivery conduit; and reacting fuel and oxidant in a reaction chamber upstream of the anode to precondition the fuel being delivered to the anode
45. The method of claim 44 further including the step of controlling the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of humidification of the fuel stream delivered to the anode.
46. The method of claim 44 further including the step of controlling the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of pre-heat of the fuel stream delivered to the anode.
47. A method of operating a fuel cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion exchange membrane therebetween, comprising the steps of:
supplying oxidant from an oxidant source to an active surface area of a cathode by way of an oxidant delivery conduit; and reacting fuel and oxidant in a reaction chamber upstream of the cathode to preconditioned the oxidant being delivered to the cathode.
supplying oxidant from an oxidant source to an active surface area of a cathode by way of an oxidant delivery conduit; and reacting fuel and oxidant in a reaction chamber upstream of the cathode to preconditioned the oxidant being delivered to the cathode.
48. The method of claim 47 further including the step of controlling the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of humidification of the oxidant stream delivered to the cathode.
49. The method of claim 47 further including the step of controlling the flow rate of one or both of the fuel and oxidant in order to achieve a predetermined degree of pre-heat of the oxidant stream delivered to the cathode.
50. A method substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0201114A GB2412784B (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2002-01-18 | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
| GB0201114.6 | 2002-01-18 | ||
| PCT/GB2003/000169 WO2003063278A2 (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2003-01-15 | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2473553A1 true CA2473553A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| CA2473553C CA2473553C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
Family
ID=9929302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2473553A Expired - Fee Related CA2473553C (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2003-01-15 | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7785746B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1504484B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4840896B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE357748T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003201682A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0302671A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2473553C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60312677T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2299684T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2412784B (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04006981A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO336082B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2310255C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003063278A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200405663B (en) |
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| GB2382455B (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2004-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell fluid flow field plates |
| GB2412784B (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2006-08-23 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
| GB2390738B (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-05-11 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell direct water injection |
| GB2401986B (en) * | 2003-05-17 | 2005-11-09 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Improvements in fuel utilisation in electrochemical fuel cells |
| DE10340982A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-31 | Volkswagen Ag | Fuel cell, e.g. for vehicle, is supplied by compressor with air from a preheater system that is connected to the cathode |
| US20050112454A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Victor Gurin | Alkaline electrolyte fuel cells with improved hydrogen-oxygen supply system |
| GB2409763B (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2007-01-17 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Water management in fuel cells |
| GB2413002B (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-12-06 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell gas distribution |
| DE102004024847A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-08 | Volkswagen Ag | High-temperature fuel cell unit starting method for vehicle, involves accomplishing conditioning of unit with warming up phase, pressure increase phase and power increase phase, before normal operation of unit |
| TWM262846U (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2005-04-21 | Antig Tech Co Ltd | Semi-active fuel cell device |
| GB2422716B (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-08-22 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Multi-layer fuel cell diffuser |
| JP2007123833A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-05-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Method for activating solid acid salt, and large-capacity capacitor and fuel cell using same |
| JP4997763B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2012-08-08 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| GB2434845B (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2010-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Variable compressibility gaskets |
| GB2435711B (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2011-01-12 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Rehydration of fuel cells |
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| US20080299423A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Laven Arne | Fuel cell systems with maintenance hydration |
| JP5261999B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2013-08-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | Fuel cell power generator |
| JP2009266588A (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-11-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fuel battery module |
| NL2002071C (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-04-08 | Univ Delft Tech | ELECTRODEM COMPARTMENT FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL, THAT FRESH SYSTEM, AND AN EMULSION TO BE USED THEREOF. |
| NL2004746C2 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-22 | Epyon B V | Charging system for electric vehicles. |
| US8673510B2 (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2014-03-18 | Dcns Sa | Systems and methods for maintaining hydrogen-selective membranes during periods of inactivity |
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| GB2582359B (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2022-01-19 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell startup/shutdown degradation mitigation by removal of oxygen ad/absorption media |
| US11618676B2 (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2023-04-04 | H2 Powertech, Llc | Systems and methods for increasing the hydrogen permeance of hydrogen-separation membranes in situ |
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- 2002-01-18 GB GB0201114A patent/GB2412784B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 2003-01-15 AT AT03700382T patent/ATE357748T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-15 CA CA2473553A patent/CA2473553C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-15 US US10/501,759 patent/US7785746B2/en active Active
- 2003-01-15 JP JP2003563030A patent/JP4840896B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-15 MX MXPA04006981A patent/MXPA04006981A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-15 AU AU2003201682A patent/AU2003201682A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-15 ES ES03700382T patent/ES2299684T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-15 WO PCT/GB2003/000169 patent/WO2003063278A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-15 DE DE60312677T patent/DE60312677T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-15 BR BR0302671-0A patent/BR0302671A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-01-15 EP EP03700382A patent/EP1504484B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-15 RU RU2004125144/09A patent/RU2310255C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-17 NO NO20034135A patent/NO336082B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 ZA ZA200405663A patent/ZA200405663B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60312677D1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| DE60312677T2 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| ATE357748T1 (en) | 2007-04-15 |
| AU2003201682A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| WO2003063278A2 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| GB2412784B (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| RU2310255C2 (en) | 2007-11-10 |
| NO20034135D0 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
| JP2005516349A (en) | 2005-06-02 |
| US20050106445A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| EP1504484A2 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
| GB2412784A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
| EP1504484B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
| ES2299684T3 (en) | 2008-06-01 |
| MXPA04006981A (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| NO336082B1 (en) | 2015-05-04 |
| US7785746B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
| WO2003063278A3 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| ZA200405663B (en) | 2006-12-27 |
| NO20034135L (en) | 2003-09-17 |
| CA2473553C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
| GB0201114D0 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
| JP4840896B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| BR0302671A (en) | 2004-02-25 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |
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