CA2450062A1 - Thermal icing conditions detector - Google Patents

Thermal icing conditions detector Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2450062A1
CA2450062A1 CA002450062A CA2450062A CA2450062A1 CA 2450062 A1 CA2450062 A1 CA 2450062A1 CA 002450062 A CA002450062 A CA 002450062A CA 2450062 A CA2450062 A CA 2450062A CA 2450062 A1 CA2450062 A1 CA 2450062A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
probe
sensor
airflow
temperature
flow path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002450062A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2450062C (en
Inventor
John A. Severson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rosemount Aerospace Inc
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Rosemount Aerospace Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rosemount Aerospace Inc filed Critical Rosemount Aerospace Inc
Publication of CA2450062A1 publication Critical patent/CA2450062A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2450062C publication Critical patent/CA2450062C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
    • G08B19/02—Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
    • B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G01K13/028—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow for use in total air temperature [TAT] probes

Abstract

A sensor for detecting icing conditions in an airstream includes a flow housing mounted on an aircraft and in which one or more probes are mounted.
At least one of the probes subjected to impingement of the airstream and liquid moisture droplets in such airstream. The heat removal, or cooling effect on the probe in the airstream carrying liquid droplets is determined. A temperature signal indicating the airstream temperature is combined with signals from the at least one probe for determining whether or not icing conditions are present.

Claims (26)

1. A sensor for detecting icing conditions, comprising liquid moisture in an airflow including a flow housing providing at least one flow path configured to provide for a known mass flow rate therethrough at relative airflow speeds, at least one probe mounted in the flow path such that the airflow impinges on the probe, a power source for heating the probe, and a sensing circuit for determining changes in a function comprising an output of the sensing circuit which is dependent upon the presence of liquid moisture striking the probe.
2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises a power measurement circuit to indicate power required to maintain the probe at a selected temperature.
3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein the sensing circuit comprises a computer having inputs indicating speed of airflow past the probe, and temperature of the airflow for providing an output based upon power consumed.
4. The sensor of claim 1, wherein said sensing circuit comprises a bridge circuit, and wherein the probe comprises a first probe and has a known resistance relationship with temperature, a second probe mounted in a second airflow path that is branched from the at least one airflow path and which is substantially free of water droplets, and wherein the bridge circuit compares temperatures between the first probe and the second probe.
5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises a computer, said computer sensing the output dependent upon the presence of liquid moisture striking the probe, and an air temperature sensor input to the computer, the computer providing an output indicative of icing conditions when liquid moisture is sensed to be present on the probe, and the air temperature is near freezing.
6. The sensor of claim 1, wherein said flow housing is provided with heaters positioned to heat a wall of the housing and prevent ice build-up on the flow housing.
7. The sensor of claim 4 including a third probe mounted in the second airflow path, said third probe comprising a temperature sensor for determining temperature of air flowing across both the first and second probes.
8. The sensor of claim 4 wherein said at least one airflow path and said second airflow path are defined in a single airflow housing, said second airflow path having an inlet opening that is lateral of the path of movement of air in the at least one airflow path such that the heavier particles in the at least one airflow path are carried past the inlet opening of the second airflow path.
9. A sensor for sensing icing conditions in an airflow caused by presence of liquid water in such airflow, said sensor including a flow housing having a first flow path configured to have known mass flow rates at different airflow speeds, a first probe mounted in said first airflow path in position to be impinged by the airflow and by liquid droplets in the airflow, said first probe being heatable in response to a power input, the probe indicating temperature by changes in a temperature sensing element in the first probe, a circuit connected to said first probe to provide heating power to heat the first probe to a selected temperature above ambient temperature, and a circuit connected to the first probe to determine the amount of heat removed from the first probe above a known value of heat removal in dry air flowing at the same mass airflow rate as the airflow rate through the flow path to determine if moisture in the airflow is causing heat to be removed from the first probe.
10. The sensor of claim 9, wherein said flow housing has a branch flow path positioned relative to the flow direction through the first flow path such that liquid water is inertially separated and maintained in the first flow path, and airflow through the branch flow path being substantially free of liquid moisture, a second probe in the branch flow path, and wherein the circuit includes components to compare the changes in relative heat removal between the first and second probes.
11. The sensor of claim 10, wherein said circuit further comprises a computer receiving signals that indicate when liquid moisture is present in the air flow, and receiving a temperature signal indicating ambient temperature, the computer providing an output signal indicating the presence of icing conditions when the ambient temperature is below a selected level and liquid moisture is indicated as being present.
12. The sensor of claim 11, wherein the computer receives a set point signal, and compares the set point signal to the ambient temperature, the computer providing the output indicating icing conditions when a signal indicating liquid moisture is present and the ambient temperature is below the set point signal.
13. The sensor of claim 8, wherein the branch flow path is defined in a portion of the housing having a forwardly facing wall, a heater for heating the wall for deicing the forwardly facing wall of the flow housing, and a baffle in the branch flow path between the forwardly facing wall and the second probe to reduce the influence of heaters in the forwardly facing wall.
14. The sensor of claim 9, wherein the signal from the circuit carries as a function of the quantity of liquid moisture present as a function the amount of heat removed from the first probe.
15. The sensor of claim 10, wherein a third probe for sensing temperature is mounted in the branch flow path, and is included in the circuit to provide a temperature signal for determining the presence of liquid moisture in the first flow path.
16. The sensor of claim 15, wherein the third probe is positioned upstream from the second probe in the branch flow path.
17. The sensor of claim 15 wherein the circuit is a resistance bridge circuit, and wherein the temperature signal is provided at terminals of the bridge.
18. A sensor for sensing icing conditions in an air flow caused by presence of liquid water in such air flow, said sensor including a flow housing having a flow path that is configured to provide air flow in a substantially straight line, the flow housing having a laterally facing outlet opening leading to said first branch flow path including a first branch portion downstream of the lateral opening, and said passage comprising a second branch flow path, a first temperature sensor probe mounted in said first branch flow path, a second temperature sensing probe mounted in said second branch flow path, the lateral facing opening being positioned such that air flow from the first branch flow path passing through the lateral facing opening is substantially free of liquid water, and a bridge circuit connected to resistances in said first and second probe to compare differentials in temperature between temperature sensed by said first and second probes, respectively.
19. The sensor of claim 18, wherein said first and second branch flow paths are controlled to have substantially the same mass flow rates carried therein.
20. The sensor of claim 19, and a temperature sensing probe in said second branch flow path positioned to be impinged by air flow in said second branch flow path prior to the air flow in said second branch flow path impinging on the second probe.
21. The sensor of claim 20, wherein said third probe is a resistance temperature sensing probe, and is connected in the bridge circuit to provide an indication of temperature at selected terminals of the bridge circuit.
22. The sensor of claim 18, wherein said first and second probes are heated, and are maintained at temperatures substantially above ambient temperature of the air flow.
23. The sensor of claim 18, wherein the flow housing has boundary layer control orifices through a wall, of the flow housing defining the flow path.
24. The sensor of claim 18, and a baffle plate in the first branch flow path between a leading edge of the flow housing defining the first branch flow path and the first temperature sensor probe.
25. The sensor of claim 18, and a computer connected to the bridge circuit to receive signals indicating differentials between temperatures sensed by said first and second probes, the computer having an input indicating ambient temperature, and providing an output indicating icing conditions when liquid moisture is indicated by the differential in temperatures between the first and second probes, and the ambient temperatures is below a selected level near freezing.
26. The sensor of claim 25, wherein the computer receives a set point signal, the computer providing the output indicating icing conditions when the ambient temperature signal is below the set point signal.
CA2450062A 2002-11-19 2003-11-18 Thermal icing conditions detector Expired - Lifetime CA2450062C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/299,207 US7014357B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2002-11-19 Thermal icing conditions detector
US10/299,207 2002-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2450062A1 true CA2450062A1 (en) 2004-05-19
CA2450062C CA2450062C (en) 2011-01-25

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CA2450062A Expired - Lifetime CA2450062C (en) 2002-11-19 2003-11-18 Thermal icing conditions detector

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US (5) US7014357B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1422137B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2450062C (en)
DE (1) DE60303426T2 (en)

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US7674036B2 (en) 2010-03-09
DE60303426D1 (en) 2006-04-13
US8182140B2 (en) 2012-05-22
US7014357B2 (en) 2006-03-21
EP1422137A1 (en) 2004-05-26
US8348501B2 (en) 2013-01-08
US20090003408A1 (en) 2009-01-01
US20100116047A1 (en) 2010-05-13
US7416329B2 (en) 2008-08-26
CA2450062C (en) 2011-01-25
DE60303426T2 (en) 2006-10-26
EP1422137B1 (en) 2006-02-01
US20110282595A1 (en) 2011-11-17
US20040095984A1 (en) 2004-05-20
US20060133447A1 (en) 2006-06-22

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