CA2442339A1 - Color space transformations for use in identifying objects of interest in biological specimens - Google Patents
Color space transformations for use in identifying objects of interest in biological specimens Download PDFInfo
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title abstract 8
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 33
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims 13
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 9
- WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Haematoxylin Chemical compound C12=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CC2(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1OC2 WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 claims 4
Classifications
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- G01N15/1433—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/60—Type of objects
- G06V20/69—Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers
- G01N15/1468—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
- G01N2015/1472—Electro-optical investigation, e.g. flow cytometers with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle with colour
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
Abstract
Two color transformations, as described herein, facilitate identification of the objects of interest in the biological specimen. One of the color transformations. a Minus Clear Plus One (MC-1) transformation, can be conceptualized as either translating and rotating ayes of a three-dimensional coordinate space that defines an image of the biological specimen or calculating differences between vectors in the three dimensional coordinate space that defines the image of the biological specimen. The other of the color transformations, a Quantitative Chromatic Transformation (QCT).is a colorimetric transformation that produces three new quantitities from the original red, green, and blue pixel values for each color pixel of an image. These three new quantities, X, Y, and Z
can each be related to the quantitative amount of absorbing molecules sampled by that pixel. Application of one or both of the color transformations to the image of the biological specimen results in a transformed image, in which objects of interest are more readily identifiable.
can each be related to the quantitative amount of absorbing molecules sampled by that pixel. Application of one or both of the color transformations to the image of the biological specimen results in a transformed image, in which objects of interest are more readily identifiable.
Claims (49)
1. A method for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the method comprising:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels;
storing pixel values representing the image in a memory;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image being characterized by a three dimensional coordinate space, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by said instructions by orienting a cluster of the background pixels at an origin of the three-dimensional coordinate space and the counter-stained object pixels substantially along an axis of the three-dimensional coordinate space whereby the positive object pixels lie substantially between axes of the three-dimensional coordinate space, whereby the transformed image assists in identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels;
storing pixel values representing the image in a memory;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image being characterized by a three dimensional coordinate space, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by said instructions by orienting a cluster of the background pixels at an origin of the three-dimensional coordinate space and the counter-stained object pixels substantially along an axis of the three-dimensional coordinate space whereby the positive object pixels lie substantially between axes of the three-dimensional coordinate space, whereby the transformed image assists in identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the origin of the three-dimensional coordinate space is located at an average of the cluster of background pixels.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein orienting the cluster of the background pixels and the counter-stained object pixels comprises translating and rotating the axes of the three-dimensional coordinate space.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
5. A method for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the method comprising:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating, for each of the pixels, a sum of a plurality of products, the plurality of products being between (a) a first coefficient and the complement of the first component for a pixel to be transformed;
(b) a second coefficient and the complement of the second component for the pixel to be transformed; and (c) a third coefficient and the complement of the third component for the pixel to be transformed, whereby the transformed image assists in identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating, for each of the pixels, a sum of a plurality of products, the plurality of products being between (a) a first coefficient and the complement of the first component for a pixel to be transformed;
(b) a second coefficient and the complement of the second component for the pixel to be transformed; and (c) a third coefficient and the complement of the third component for the pixel to be transformed, whereby the transformed image assists in identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein transforming the image of the biological specimen further comprises summing the plurality of products computed for each of the pixels.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the biological specimen is stained with a given staining combination that uniquely defines the first coefficient, the second coefficient, and the third coefficient.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the given staining combination is AEC and Hematoxylin.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first coefficient is between -0.8 and -0.7, the second coefficient is between 0.5 and 0.65, and the third coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4.
10. The method of claim 5, further comprising morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels comprise subtracting a maximum component level from the first component, the second component, and the third component.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the maximum component level is 255.
13. The method of claim 5, wherein the first, the second, and the third components of the pixel to be transformed are red, green, and blue components, respectively.
14. A method for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the method comprising:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counter-stained object pixels, and background pixels, the positive object pixels, the counter-stained object pixels, and the background pixels each being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component of a three-dimensional coordinate space;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to define (a) a counter-stained object vector in the three dimensional coordinate space, the counter-stained object vector extending from a cluster of the background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels whereby the counter-stained object pixels lies substantially along the counter-stained object vector; and (b) positive object vectors extending from the cluster of the background pixels to the positive object pixels;
said instructions transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating differences between the positive object vectors and the counter-stained object vector, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counter-stained object pixels, and background pixels, the positive object pixels, the counter-stained object pixels, and the background pixels each being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component of a three-dimensional coordinate space;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
executing instructions in a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to define (a) a counter-stained object vector in the three dimensional coordinate space, the counter-stained object vector extending from a cluster of the background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels whereby the counter-stained object pixels lies substantially along the counter-stained object vector; and (b) positive object vectors extending from the cluster of the background pixels to the positive object pixels;
said instructions transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating differences between the positive object vectors and the counter-stained object vector, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the counter-stained object vector extending from a cluster of the background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels comprises the counter-stained abject vector extending from an average of the cluster of background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
17. A method for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the method comprising:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
executing instructions with a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating for each of the pixels a transform value, the transform value being defined by a square root of (p1' +
p2 2 + p3 2) × (p1c2 + p2c2 + p3c2) - (p1 × p1c + p2 × p2c +
p3 × p3c)2, wherein p1, p2, and p3, are a complement of the the first component, the second component, and the third component, respectively, of a pixel to be transformed and p1c, p2c, and p3c are the complement of the first component, second component, and third component, respectively, of a representative counterstained pixel, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
storing pixel values representing the first, second and third components in a memory;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
executing instructions with a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating for each of the pixels a transform value, the transform value being defined by a square root of (p1' +
p2 2 + p3 2) × (p1c2 + p2c2 + p3c2) - (p1 × p1c + p2 × p2c +
p3 × p3c)2, wherein p1, p2, and p3, are a complement of the the first component, the second component, and the third component, respectively, of a pixel to be transformed and p1c, p2c, and p3c are the complement of the first component, second component, and third component, respectively, of a representative counterstained pixel, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels are calculated by subtracting a maximum component level from the first component, the second component, and the third component.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the maximum component level is 255.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the first, the second, and the third components of the pixel to be transformed are red, green, and blue components, respectively.
22. A method for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the method comprising:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels;
storing pixel values representing said image in a memory;
executing instructions with a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image defining a number of absorbing molecules sampled by each of the pixels, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any in the biological specimen.
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels;
storing pixel values representing said image in a memory;
executing instructions with a computing device that operate on said stored pixel values so as to transform the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image defining a number of absorbing molecules sampled by each of the pixels, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any in the biological specimen.
23. The method of claim ?2, wherein the image of the biological specimen comprises pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component and wherein the set of instructions transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce the transformed image comprises instructions:
calculating at least one transform value for each of the pixels, the at least one transform value being a quotient of a first value and a second value, the first value being a square of the first component of a pixel to be transformed and the second value being a product of the second component and the third component of the pixel to be transformed;
and calculating an average of the at least one transform value for each of the pixels.
calculating at least one transform value for each of the pixels, the at least one transform value being a quotient of a first value and a second value, the first value being a square of the first component of a pixel to be transformed and the second value being a product of the second component and the third component of the pixel to be transformed;
and calculating an average of the at least one transform value for each of the pixels.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the average is a weighted average.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the calculating of the at least one transform value comprises calculating a logarithm of the quotient for each of the pixels.
26. The method of claim 22, further comprising morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein the first, the second, and the third components are red, green, and blue components, respectively of the pixel to be transformed.
28. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least transform value is defined by an expression selected from the group consisting of r2/(g x b), g2/(r x b), and b2/(r x g), wherein r, g, b is the red, the green, and the blue components, respectively, of the pixel to be transformed.
29. A system for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the system comprising:
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image being characterized by a three-dimensional coordinate space, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by orienting a cluster of the background pixels at an origin of the three-dimensional coordinate space and the counter-stained object pixels substantially along an axis of the three-dimensional coordinate space whereby the positive object pixels lie substantially between axes of the three-dimensional coordinate space, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image being characterized by a three-dimensional coordinate space, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by orienting a cluster of the background pixels at an origin of the three-dimensional coordinate space and the counter-stained object pixels substantially along an axis of the three-dimensional coordinate space whereby the positive object pixels lie substantially between axes of the three-dimensional coordinate space, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
30. The system of claim 29, wherein the first, the second, and the third components of the pixel to be transformed are red, green, and blue components, respectively.
31. The system of claim 29, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
32. A system for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the system comprising:
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating, for each of the pixels, a sum of a a plurality of products, the plurality of products being between (a) a first coefficient and the complement of the first component for a pixel to be transformed; (b) a second coefficient and the complement of the second component for the pixel to be transformed; and (c) a third coefficient and the complement of the third component for the pixel to be transformed, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating, for each of the pixels, a sum of a a plurality of products, the plurality of products being between (a) a first coefficient and the complement of the first component for a pixel to be transformed; (b) a second coefficient and the complement of the second component for the pixel to be transformed; and (c) a third coefficient and the complement of the third component for the pixel to be transformed, whereby the transformed image assists in identifying the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
33. The system of claim 32, wherein the biological specimen is stained with a given staining combination that uniquely defines the first coefficient, the second coefficient, and the third coefficient.
34. The system of claim 33, wherein the given staining combination is AEC and Hematoxylin.
35. The system of claim 34, wherein the first coefficient is between -0.8 and -0.7, the second coefficient is between 0.5 and 0.65, and the third coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.4.
36. The system of claim 32, wherein the first, the second, and the third components of the pixel to be transformed are red, green, and blue components, respectively.
37. The system of claim 32, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
38. A system for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the system comprising:
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels, the positive object pixels, the counter-stained object pixels, and the background pixels each being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component of a three-dimensional coordinate space;
defining (a) a counter-stained object vector in the three dimensional coordinate space, the counter-stained object vector extending from a cluster of the background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels whereby the counter-stained object pixels lies substantially along the counter-stained object vector; and (b) positive object vectors extending from the cluster of the background pixels to the positive object pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating differences between the positive object vectors and the counter-stained object vector, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, In the biological specimen.
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising positive object pixels, counterstained object pixels, and background pixels, the positive object pixels, the counter-stained object pixels, and the background pixels each being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component of a three-dimensional coordinate space;
defining (a) a counter-stained object vector in the three dimensional coordinate space, the counter-stained object vector extending from a cluster of the background pixels through the counter-stained object pixels whereby the counter-stained object pixels lies substantially along the counter-stained object vector; and (b) positive object vectors extending from the cluster of the background pixels to the positive object pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating differences between the positive object vectors and the counter-stained object vector, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, In the biological specimen.
39. The system of claim 38, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
40. A system for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the system comprising:
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating for each of the pixels a transform value, the transform value being defined by a square root of (p1 2 + p2 2 + p3 2) × (p1c2 + p2c2 + p3c2) -(p1 × p1c + p2 ×
p2c + p3 ×p3c)2, wherein p1, p2, and p3, are a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component, respectively, of a pixel to be transformed and p1c, p2c, and p3c are the complement of the first component, second component, and third component, respectively, of a representative counterstained pixel, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component;
forming a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component for each of the pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the image of the biological specimen being transformed by calculating for each of the pixels a transform value, the transform value being defined by a square root of (p1 2 + p2 2 + p3 2) × (p1c2 + p2c2 + p3c2) -(p1 × p1c + p2 ×
p2c + p3 ×p3c)2, wherein p1, p2, and p3, are a complement of the first component, the second component, and the third component, respectively, of a pixel to be transformed and p1c, p2c, and p3c are the complement of the first component, second component, and third component, respectively, of a representative counterstained pixel, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
41. The system of claim 40, wherein the first, the second, and the third components of the pixel to be transformed are red, green, and blue components, respectively.
42. The system of claim 40, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
43. A system for identifying objects of interest in a biological specimen, the objects of interest being identified from normal cells and background areas of the biological specimen, the system comprising:
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image quantitating a number of absorbing molecules sampled by each of the pixels, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
a processor;
memory;
computer instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
obtaining an image of the biological specimen, the image of the biological specimen comprising pixels;
transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce a transformed image, the transformed image quantitating a number of absorbing molecules sampled by each of the pixels, whereby the transformed image identifies the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
44. The system of claim 43, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
45. A system for 43, wherein the image of the biological specimen comprises pixels, each of the pixels being defined by a first component, a second component, and a third component and wherein the computer instructions for performing the function of transforming the image of the biological specimen to produce the transformed image further comprises computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the functions of:
calculating at least one transform value for each of the pixels, the at least one transform value being a quotient of a first value and a second value, the first value being a square of the first component of a pixel to be transformed and the second value being a product of the second component and the third component of the pixel to be transformed; and calculating an average of the at least one transform value for each of the pixels;
calculating at least one transform value for each of the pixels, the at least one transform value being a quotient of a first value and a second value, the first value being a square of the first component of a pixel to be transformed and the second value being a product of the second component and the third component of the pixel to be transformed; and calculating an average of the at least one transform value for each of the pixels;
46. The system of claim 45, wherein the calculating of the at least one transform value comprises calculating a logarithm of the quotient for each of the pixels.
47. The system of claim 45, wherein the first, the second, and the third components are red, green, and blue components, respectively of the pixel to be transformed.
48. The system of claim 45, wherein the at least transform value is defined by an expression selected from the group consisting of r2/(g × b), g2/(r × b), and b2/(r × g), wherein r, g, b is the red, the green, and the blue components, respectively, of the pixel to be transformed.
49. The system of claim 45, further comprising computer instructions executable by the processor for performing the function of morphologically processing the transformed image to refine identification of the objects of interest, if any, in the biological specimen.
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| CA2689950A CA2689950C (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-09-23 | Color space transformations for use in identifying objects of interest in biological specimens |
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| US10/282,362 US7200252B2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | Color space transformations for use in identifying objects of interest in biological specimens |
| US10/282,362 | 2002-10-28 |
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| CA2442339C CA2442339C (en) | 2010-03-23 |
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| CA2689950A Expired - Fee Related CA2689950C (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-09-23 | Color space transformations for use in identifying objects of interest in biological specimens |
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| EP1484595B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
| US7200252B2 (en) | 2007-04-03 |
| US20040081345A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
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| EP1416262B1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
| CA2442339C (en) | 2010-03-23 |
| CA2689950C (en) | 2014-04-01 |
| EP1484595A3 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| AU2003248207B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
| JP4071186B2 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| US20070041627A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| US7292718B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
| EP1416262A2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| EP1484595A2 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| JP2004151101A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
| CA2689950A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
| ATE556310T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
| EP1416262A3 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
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