CA2430984C - Contact lens packaging solutions - Google Patents
Contact lens packaging solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2430984C CA2430984C CA2430984A CA2430984A CA2430984C CA 2430984 C CA2430984 C CA 2430984C CA 2430984 A CA2430984 A CA 2430984A CA 2430984 A CA2430984 A CA 2430984A CA 2430984 C CA2430984 C CA 2430984C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- surfactant
- solution
- lens
- contact lens
- poloxamer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/521—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl or alkenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/75—Amino oxides
Abstract
The invention provides a packaging solution for use with hydrophobic contact lenses. The packaging solution of the invention substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to the packages' surfaces, thus preventing deformation or breakage of the lens.
Description
CONTACT LENS PACKAGING SOLUTIONS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to packaging solutions for use with contact lenses. In particular, the invention provides packaging solutions for use with contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials.
Background of the Invention The use of contact lenses for correction of ocular refractive disorders is widespread due, in part, to the cosmetic appeal of contact lenses. Preferably, contact lenses are made of materials with high oxygen permeabilities, or oxygen permeabilities of about 10 Dk or greater. However, as a material's oxygen permeability increases, typically the material becomes increasingly hydrophobic.
When a contact lens made of a hydrophobic material comes in contact with another hydrophobic material, the lens' surface adheres to the material's surface.
This is problematic in the packaging of the lenses because typical contact lens packaging materials are hydrophobic. Thus, the contact lens can adhere to the packaging material causing lens deformation or breakage.
Description of the Invention and Preferred Embodiments.
The invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials. In particular, the invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials that substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to a package's surfaces.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a contact lens packaging solution comprising, consisting essentially of, and consisting of between about 0.1 and about 250 ppm of a surfactant, preferably 0.1 to about 40 ppm, more preferably about 1 to about 40 ppm, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30. It is an unexpected discovery of the invention that the use of very small amounts of certain surfactants in a lens packaging solution substantially prevents adherence of the hydrophobic lens to a package surfaces substantially eliminating breakage or deformation of the lens in the package.
For purposes of the invention, by "hydrophobic lens" is a lens made from at least one hydrophobic monomer. The packaging solutions of the invention may find particular utility when used for the storage of non-ionic lenses. Lenses for use with the solutions of the invention may be made from acquafilcon, alphafilcon, atlafilcon, etafilcon, bulifilcon, lenefilcon, lidifilcon, lotrafilcon, methafilcon, ocufilcon, perfilcon, phemfilcon, vilifilcon, Saufon, Hydron; and the like, and combinations thereof Preferably, the lens is an acquafilcon or lenefilcon lens.
The surfactants suitable for use in the invention are of any suitable molecular weight, preferably about 200 to about 1,000,000, more preferably about 10,000 to about 18,000, most preferably about 12,000 to about 18,000. Useful surfactants have a hydrophile-lipophile balance ("HLB") of about 10 to about 30, preferably about 15 to about 25, more preferably about 18 to about 23.
Any of the known surfactants fitting the aforementioned criteria may be used in the solution of the invention provided that the surfactant is compatible, in terms of solubility, in the solution with which it is used. Thus, suitable surfactants include, without limitation, cationic, ionic, non-ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.
However, the use of a lens packaging solution containing cationic and ionic surfactants may cause eye imitation. Therefore, preferably the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to packaging solutions for use with contact lenses. In particular, the invention provides packaging solutions for use with contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials.
Background of the Invention The use of contact lenses for correction of ocular refractive disorders is widespread due, in part, to the cosmetic appeal of contact lenses. Preferably, contact lenses are made of materials with high oxygen permeabilities, or oxygen permeabilities of about 10 Dk or greater. However, as a material's oxygen permeability increases, typically the material becomes increasingly hydrophobic.
When a contact lens made of a hydrophobic material comes in contact with another hydrophobic material, the lens' surface adheres to the material's surface.
This is problematic in the packaging of the lenses because typical contact lens packaging materials are hydrophobic. Thus, the contact lens can adhere to the packaging material causing lens deformation or breakage.
Description of the Invention and Preferred Embodiments.
The invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials. In particular, the invention provides a packaging solution for contact lenses made of hydrophobic materials that substantially prevents adherence of the lenses to a package's surfaces.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a contact lens packaging solution comprising, consisting essentially of, and consisting of between about 0.1 and about 250 ppm of a surfactant, preferably 0.1 to about 40 ppm, more preferably about 1 to about 40 ppm, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30. It is an unexpected discovery of the invention that the use of very small amounts of certain surfactants in a lens packaging solution substantially prevents adherence of the hydrophobic lens to a package surfaces substantially eliminating breakage or deformation of the lens in the package.
For purposes of the invention, by "hydrophobic lens" is a lens made from at least one hydrophobic monomer. The packaging solutions of the invention may find particular utility when used for the storage of non-ionic lenses. Lenses for use with the solutions of the invention may be made from acquafilcon, alphafilcon, atlafilcon, etafilcon, bulifilcon, lenefilcon, lidifilcon, lotrafilcon, methafilcon, ocufilcon, perfilcon, phemfilcon, vilifilcon, Saufon, Hydron; and the like, and combinations thereof Preferably, the lens is an acquafilcon or lenefilcon lens.
The surfactants suitable for use in the invention are of any suitable molecular weight, preferably about 200 to about 1,000,000, more preferably about 10,000 to about 18,000, most preferably about 12,000 to about 18,000. Useful surfactants have a hydrophile-lipophile balance ("HLB") of about 10 to about 30, preferably about 15 to about 25, more preferably about 18 to about 23.
Any of the known surfactants fitting the aforementioned criteria may be used in the solution of the invention provided that the surfactant is compatible, in terms of solubility, in the solution with which it is used. Thus, suitable surfactants include, without limitation, cationic, ionic, non-ionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.
However, the use of a lens packaging solution containing cationic and ionic surfactants may cause eye imitation. Therefore, preferably the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant.
Suitable non-ionic surfactants for use in the invention include, without limitation, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polysorbate 20, 60 or 80, all available as TWEENOO surfactants, alkanolamides, amine oxides, ethoxylated alcohols and acids, and surfactants having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, such as poloxamine or poloxamer surfactants, and the like, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the surfactant is a polysorbate or poloxamer surfactant.
Poloxamer surfactants are commercially available under the name PLURONIC
that are polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactants having polyoxyethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule. Although any of the PLURONIC surfactants are preferred, particularly preferred for use in the invention is PLURONIC 127, which is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
The surfactant may be combined with any known active and carrier components useful for lens packaging solution. Suitable active ingredients for lens packaging solutions include, without limitation, antibacterial agents, anti-dryness agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dextran, tonicity agents, and the like, and combinations thereof.
The packaging solution may be any water-based solution that is used for the storage of contact lenses. Typical solutions include, without limitation, saline solutions, other buffered solutions, and deionized water. The preferred aqueous solution is saline solution containing salts including, without limitation, sodium chloride, sodium borate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, or the corresponding potassium salts of the same. These ingredients are generally combined to form buffered solutions that include an acid and its conjugate base, so that addition of acids and bases cause only a relatively small change in pH. The buffered solutions may additionally include 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), sodium hydroxide, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, n-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and the like and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the solution is a borate buffered or phosphate buffered saline solution.
To form the packaging solution, the surfactant along with any additional ingredients are combined with the water-based solution, stirred, and dissolved. The pH of the solution preferably is adjusted to about 6.2 to about 7.5. The lens to be stored in the packaging solution of the invention is immersed in the solution and the solution and lens placed in the package in which the lens is to be stored.
Alternatively, the solution may be placed into the package and the lens then placed into the solution. Typically, the package is then sealed by any convenient method, such as by heat sealing, and undergoes a suitable sterilization procedure.
Poloxamer surfactants are commercially available under the name PLURONIC
that are polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactants having polyoxyethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule. Although any of the PLURONIC surfactants are preferred, particularly preferred for use in the invention is PLURONIC 127, which is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 15,0000.
The surfactant may be combined with any known active and carrier components useful for lens packaging solution. Suitable active ingredients for lens packaging solutions include, without limitation, antibacterial agents, anti-dryness agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and dextran, tonicity agents, and the like, and combinations thereof.
The packaging solution may be any water-based solution that is used for the storage of contact lenses. Typical solutions include, without limitation, saline solutions, other buffered solutions, and deionized water. The preferred aqueous solution is saline solution containing salts including, without limitation, sodium chloride, sodium borate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, or the corresponding potassium salts of the same. These ingredients are generally combined to form buffered solutions that include an acid and its conjugate base, so that addition of acids and bases cause only a relatively small change in pH. The buffered solutions may additionally include 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), sodium hydroxide, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol, n-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and the like and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the solution is a borate buffered or phosphate buffered saline solution.
To form the packaging solution, the surfactant along with any additional ingredients are combined with the water-based solution, stirred, and dissolved. The pH of the solution preferably is adjusted to about 6.2 to about 7.5. The lens to be stored in the packaging solution of the invention is immersed in the solution and the solution and lens placed in the package in which the lens is to be stored.
Alternatively, the solution may be placed into the package and the lens then placed into the solution. Typically, the package is then sealed by any convenient method, such as by heat sealing, and undergoes a suitable sterilization procedure.
Claims (16)
1. An article comprising a sterile lens package comprising within said package, a hydrophobic lens immersed in contact lens packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid, an alkanolamide, an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to 30.
2. The article of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatly acid.
3. The article of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a polysorbate.
4. A contact lens packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
5. The solution of claim 4, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamine surfactant, a poloxamer surfactant, or a combination thereof.
6. The solution of claim 4, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamer surfactant.
7. The solution of claim 6, wherein the poloxamer surfactant is a poloxyethylene-polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactant having polyoxyethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule.
8. The solution of claim 7, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 150,000.
9. A method of storing a hydrophobic contact lens, comprising the steps of immersing the hydrophobic contact lens in a packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatty acid, an alkanolamide, an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated acid, and combinations thereof, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30, placing said lens and solution into a lens package, sealing and sterilizing said package.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is a polyethylene glycol ester of a fatly acid.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the surfactant is a polysorbate.
12. A method for storing a hydrophobic contact lens, comprising the step of immersing the lens for storage in a packaging solution comprising about 0.1 to about 40 ppm of a surfactant having one or more poly(oxyalkylene) chains, wherein the surfactant has a hydrophile-lipophile balance of about 10 to about 30.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamine surfactant, a poloxamer surfactant, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the surfactant is a poloxamer surfactant.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the poloxamer surfactant is a poloxyethylene-polyoxypropylene non-ionic surfactant having polyoxyethyl hydrophilic group ends that make up about 10 to about 80 percent by weight of the molecule.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the surfactant is about 70 percent by weight ethylene oxide and has a molecular weight of about 12,000 to about 150,000.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/731,553 | 2000-12-07 | ||
| US09/731,553 US6531432B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2000-12-07 | Contact lens packaging solutions |
| PCT/US2001/044022 WO2002045759A2 (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2001-11-14 | Contact lens packaging solutions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2430984A1 CA2430984A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
| CA2430984C true CA2430984C (en) | 2010-10-05 |
Family
ID=24940006
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2430984A Expired - Lifetime CA2430984C (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2001-11-14 | Contact lens packaging solutions |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6531432B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1339434B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4790203B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100843993B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1213773C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR035403A1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU3047202A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0116037A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2430984C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60104888T2 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1055403A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI231220B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002045759A2 (en) |
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| US20060100113A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Pegram Stephen C | Methods of inhabiting the adherence of lenses to surfaces during their manufacture |
| US20070194486A1 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2007-08-23 | Sanders Kerry T | Ophthalmic lens inspection processing aid |
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| US20070037897A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Guigui Wang | Method for making contact lenses |
| US20070149428A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-28 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Method of Packaging a Lens |
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-
2000
- 2000-12-07 US US09/731,553 patent/US6531432B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-11-14 CN CNB018201318A patent/CN1213773C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-14 WO PCT/US2001/044022 patent/WO2002045759A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-14 AU AU3047202A patent/AU3047202A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-14 AU AU2002230472A patent/AU2002230472C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-14 DE DE60104888T patent/DE60104888T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-14 EP EP01990708A patent/EP1339434B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-14 BR BR0116037-0A patent/BR0116037A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-14 JP JP2002547541A patent/JP4790203B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-14 KR KR1020037007652A patent/KR100843993B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-14 CA CA2430984A patent/CA2430984C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-06 AR ARP010105676A patent/AR035403A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2002
- 2002-07-24 TW TW091116415A patent/TWI231220B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-10-23 HK HK03107671A patent/HK1055403A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4790203B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
| BR0116037A (en) | 2004-02-17 |
| HK1055403A1 (en) | 2004-01-09 |
| DE60104888D1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
| WO2002045759A3 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
| CA2430984A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
| EP1339434A2 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
| KR20030068169A (en) | 2003-08-19 |
| DE60104888T2 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| TWI231220B (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| AU2002230472B2 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| CN1213773C (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| KR100843993B1 (en) | 2008-07-07 |
| US6531432B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 |
| JP2004523777A (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| CN1479633A (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| AU3047202A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
| AU2002230472C1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
| AR035403A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
| EP1339434B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| WO2002045759A2 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
| US20020071789A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20211115 |