CA2413702A1 - Carvedilol - Google Patents
Carvedilol Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2413702A1 CA2413702A1 CA002413702A CA2413702A CA2413702A1 CA 2413702 A1 CA2413702 A1 CA 2413702A1 CA 002413702 A CA002413702 A CA 002413702A CA 2413702 A CA2413702 A CA 2413702A CA 2413702 A1 CA2413702 A1 CA 2413702A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carvedilol
- solvent
- solution
- crystalline
- dissolving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229960004195 carvedilol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=C[CH]C3=C12 NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- CKJRKLKVCHMWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN CKJRKLKVCHMWLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940032007 methylethyl ketone Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- SVWKIGRDISDRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9h-carbazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=1OCC1CO1 SVWKIGRDISDRLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OGHNVEJMJSYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1N2 OGHNVEJMJSYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 230
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 85
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Substances [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phosphonohexylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCCCCP(O)(O)=O WDYVUKGVKRZQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
Abstract
This invention relates to an improved process of preparing carvedilol, as well as a new crystalline hydrate and solvate and forms of carvedilol, processes for the manufacture thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
Description
CARVEDILOL
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional applications Nos.
60/214,356, filed June 28, 2000 and 60/246,358, filed Nov. 7, 2000, incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improved process of preparing carvedilol, as well as a new crystalline hydrate and solvate and forms of carvedilol, processes for the manufacture thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Carvedilol is a nonselective (3-adrenergic blocking agent with az blocking activity.
Carvedilol, also known as (~) 1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[[2(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-2-propanol, (CAS RegistryNo. 72956-09-3) has the structure of formula I.
~ ~ 0 O~N
H
N/
H
Carvedilol has a chiral center and can exist either as individual stereoisomers or in racemic form. Racemic carvedilol is the active ingredient of COREG~, which is indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. The nonselective (3-adrenergic activity of carvedilol is present in the S(-) enantiomer and the a1 blocking activity is present in both the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers at equal potency. Both the racemate and stereoisomers may be obtained according to procedures well known in the art (EP B 0127 099).
Synthesis oaf Carvedilol U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,067, Which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a process of preparing carvedilol by the following reaction:
o~
° ~°
H:N
H3C0°
N
H
II III
O~N
°
H
N
H
I5 in which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (formula II) is reacted with (2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (formula III) to form carvedilol (I). The above process produces a low yield of carvedilol at least in part because in addition to carvedilol, the process leads to the production of a bis impurity of the following structure (formula IV):
OH
\ /
N ~ N
H
O
OH
N
H
IV
(See EP 918055.) In order to reduce the formation of the formula IV and to increase the yield of carvedilol, EP 918055 discloses using a benzyl protected form of the 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III).
Caryedilol Polymorphs International application No. WO 99/05105, incorporated herein by reference, discloses that carvedilol can be isolated as two polymorphic forms, depending on the method of preparation. The two polymorphic forms, designated Form I and Form II, are reported to be monotropic and are distinguishable by their infrared, Rarnan and X-ray powder diffraction spectra. No evidence is found in the literature about the existence of hydrated solvate states of carvedilol.
Polymorphism is the property of some molecules and molecular complexes to assume more than one crystalline form in the solid state. A single molecule may give rise to a variety of crystal forms (also called "polymorphs", "hydrates" or "solvates") having distinct physical properties. For a general review of polymorphs and the pharmaceutical applications of polymorphs see G.M. Wall, Plaarm Manuf. 3, 33 (1986); J.K.
Haleblian and W. McCrone, J. Pharm. Sci., 58, 911 (1969); and J.K. Haleblian, J. Pharm.
Sci., 64, 1269 (1975), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The existence and physical properties of different crystal forms can be determined by a variety of techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Differences in the physical properties of different crystal forms result from the orientation and intermolecular interactions of adj acent molecules (complexes) in the bulk solid. Accordingly, polymorphs, hydrates and solvates are distinct solids sharing the same molecular formula yet having distinct advantageous and/or disadvantageous physical properties compared to other forms in the polymorph family. The existence and physical properties of polymorphs, hydrates and solvates is unpredictable.
One of the most important physical properties of a pharmaceutical compound which can form polymorphs, hydrates or solvates, is its solubility in aqueous solution, particularly the solubility in gastric juices of a patient. Other important properties relate to the ease of processing the form into pharmaceutical dosages, such as the tendency of a powdered or granulated form to flow and the surface properties that determine whether crystals of the form will adhere to each other when compacted into a tablet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a process for preparing carvedilol comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula II, 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole, o~
N
H
II
with a compound of formula III, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine H,N
H3C0' III
wherein the compound of formula III is at a molar excess over the compound of formula II.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol hydrate.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol Form III
characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 8.4 + 0.2, 17.4 ~ 0.2, and 22.0 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol Form IV
characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 18.3 +
0.2, 19.2 + 0.2, 21.7 + 0.2, and 24.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate Form V characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, and 10.7 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides carvedilol HCI Hydrate characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4 + 0.2, 15.8 + 0.2,16.4 + 0.2 and 22.2+ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form I, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating; heating the solution until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved; reducing the temperature of the solution; agitating the solution for a period of time; further reducing the temperature of the solution; further agitating the solution for a period of time; and collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent; precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution; and, isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture; precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C; and, isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating; cooling the solution mixture; and, collecting crystalline carvedilol Form III.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form IV, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; adding an anti-solvent to the solvent solution; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form IV from the solvent solution.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution wherein the precipitation step is performed by adding an anti-solvent.
ERIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form III.
Fig. 2. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form III.
Fig. 3. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form IV.
Fig. 4. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form IV.
Fig. 5. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form V.
Fig. 6. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form V.
Fig. 7. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol HCl.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, the term "carvedilol" includes hydrates and solvates of carvedilol.
The term "water content" refers to the content of water, based upon the Loss on Drying method (the "LOD" method) as described in Pharmacopeia Forum, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 5438 (Jan - Feb 1998), the Karl Fisher assay for determining water content or thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The term "equivalents of water" means molar equivalents of water. All percentages herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated. Those skilled in the art will also understand that the term "anhydrous", when used in reference to carvedilol, describes carvedilol which is substantially free of water. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the term "hemihydrate", when used in reference to carvedilol, describes a crystalline material having a water content of about 2.2% w/w. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the term "hydrate",in reference to carvedilol hydrochloride a crystalline material having a water content of about or above 2% w/w. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the term "solvate of methyl-ethyl-ketone" refers to carvedilol in which solvent is contained within the crystal lattice in quantities above 1%. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the term "solvate of methyl-ethyl-ketone" which contains one mole of is characterized by a methyl-ethyl-ketone content of about 14 % by weight.
Hydrate and solvate forms of carvedilol are novel and distinct from each other in terms of their characteristic powder X-ray diffraction patterns and their thermal profiles.
Fox the purposes of this specification, ambient temperature is from about 20°C to about 25°C.
All powder X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained by methods known in the art using a Philips X-ray powder diffractometer. Copper radiation of ~, = 1.5418 A
was used.
Measurement of thermal analysis are conducted for the purpose of evaluating the physical and chemical changes that may take place in a heated sample. Thermal reactions can be endothermic (e.g., melting, boiling, sublimation, vaporization, desolvation, solid-solid phase transitions, chemical degradation, etc.) or exothermic (e.g., crystallization, oxidative decomposition, etc.) in nature. Such methodology has gained widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry in characterization of polymorphism. Thermal measurements have proven to be useful in the characterization of polymorphic systems. The most commonly applied techniques are thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The DTA and TGA curves presented herein were obtained by methods known in the art using a DTG Shimadzu model DTG-50 (combined TGA and DTA). The weight of the samples was about 9 to about 13 mg. The samples were scanned up to about 300 ° C or above at a rate of 10°C/min. Samples were purged with nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 20 ml/min. Standard alumina crucibles covered lids with one hole.
Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) is a measure of the thermally induced weight loss of a material as a function of the applied temperature. TGA is restricted to transitions that involve either a gain or a Loss of mass, and it is most commonly used to study desolvation processes and compound decomposition.
Karl Fisher analysis, which is well known in the art, is also used to determine the quantity of water in a sample.
As used herein, a solvent is any liquid substance capable of dissolving carvedilol.
As used herein, the term "anti-solvent" means a liquid in which a compound is poorly soluble. The addition of an anti-solvent to a solvent reduces the solubility of a compound.
As used herein a mixture of solvents refers to a composition comprising more than one solvent.
As used herein, the term "neat" conditions refers to conditions of a reaction wherein the solvent of the reaction is one of the reactants.
Syjzthesis oJf Carvedilol According to one embodiment, the present invention is a process for preparing carvedilol comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula II, 4-(oxiran-2-ylinethoxy)-9H-carbazole, o~
N
H
II
with a compound of formula III, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine H,N
III.
The new procedure results in a higher yield of carvedilol than has been reported in the prior art. In addition, the product of the new procedure is nearly free of bis impurities and the reaction is more rapid.
Preferably, the compound of formula III is at a molar excess over the compound of formula II. The compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are preferably at a molar ratio from about 1.5:1 to about 100:1. More preferably, the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are at a molar ration from about 2.8:1 to about 10:1.
Most preferably, the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II
are at a molar ratio from about 2.8:1 to about 6:1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the reacting step is performed in a solvent. The solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane. In an alternative embodiment, the reacting step is performed in a solvent mixture wherein the solvent mixture comprises multiple solvents. Preferably, a solvent of the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane.
The reacting step is preferably performed at a temperature from about 25°C and about 150°C. Most preferably, the reacting step is performed at a temperature from about 60°C and about 120°C.
In an alternative embodiment, the reacting step is performed under neat conditions.
The neat conditions may obtained by melting a solid form of the compound of formula III
to form a liquid and, dissolving the compound of formula II in the liquid to form a reaction mixture.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of reducing the temperature of the reaction mixture after dissolving the compound of formula II. The temperature is preferably reduced to about 70°C.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of adding an organic solvent: water mixture to the reaction mixture. The organic solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and butyl acetate.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of adjusting the pH of the organic solvent: water mixture after it is added to the reaction mixture. The pH is preferably adjusted to less than about pH 5. More preferably, the pH is adjusted from about pH 3 to about pH 5.
Optionally, the process further comprises the steps of isolating carvedilol hydrochloride after adjusting the pH, and purifying carvedilol.
Carvedilol hydrochloride is optionally isolated as a hydrate. Carvedilol HCl isolated as a hydrate typically has an XRD peaks are found at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4+0.2, 14.2+0.2, 14.7+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 17.7+0.2,20.0+0.2,21.9+0.2,25.2+0.2 degrees to 2-theta.
The reaction preformed under neat conditions may further comprise steps of, isolating carvedilol from the reaction mixture after adjusting the pH, and purifying carvedilol. Optionally, carvedilol may be purified by methods well known in the art. (See EP B 0127 099.) Novel Metlzods,for Preparih~ Crystalline Carvedilol Form I ahd Form II
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form I, by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved, reducing the temperature of the solution and agitating the solution for a period of time, further reducing the temperature of the solution and agitating the solution for a period of time and, collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating the solvent.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a S temperature from about SO° C 0 to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in ethyl acetate.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating the solution to about 77°C.
The step of reducing the temperature of the solution is optionally performed by cooling the solution to about SO° C in a time period of 1 S min.
The step of agitating solution is optionally performed at about SO° C
for about 48 hours.
The step of further reducing the temperature of the solution is optionally performed by cooling the solution to about 10°C in about 0.75 hours with agitation.
1 S The step of further agitating the solution is optionally performed by stirring the suspension for more than S hours. The step of further agitation may optionally be performed by stirring the suspension for about 24 hours.
The drying step may be performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a temperature from about SO° C 0 to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
The suspending step may be performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in ethyl acetate.
The heating step may be performed by heating the solution to about 77°C.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving 2S carvedilol in a solvent, precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution, and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
Optionally, the step of dissolving carvedilol is performed at a temperature from about 40° C to about the boiling temp of the solvent.
Optionally, the step of cooling the solution is performed by reducing the temperature from about -20 °C to about ambient temperature.
Optionally, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, absolute ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, butyl acetate, isobutyl methyl ketone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetonitrile, acetone, isoamylalcohol, xylene and toluene.
Optionally, the precipitated carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture, precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C, and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
Optionally, the carvedilol is dissolved in a solution at a temperature from about 40°C to about the boiling temperature of the solvent.
Optionally, the carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
Optionally, the step of cooling the reaction is performed by cooling the solution to a temperature from about -20°C to ambient temperature.
Optionally, the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of acetone:
cyclohexane, chloroform: cyclohexane, dichloroethane: cyclohexane, dichloromethane:
cyclohexane, pyridine: cyclohexane, tetrahydrofurane:cyclohexane, dioxane:
cyclohexane, acetone: hexane, chloroform: hexane, dichloroethane: hexane, dichloromethane:
hexane, tetrahydrofuran: hexane and ethanol: hexane.
Novel Carvedilol Polvnaor~hs In another aspect the present invention provides new crystalline forms of carvedilol, designated Forms III, IV, V and processes for the manufacture thereof.
Moreover, the present invention provides a new hydrate form of carvedilol, having water content of about 2 % by weight and processes for their manufacture. In another embodiment, the present invention provides new solvate forms of carvedilol, having solvent content up to about 14 by weight, wherein the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone, and processes for their manufacture. These hydrate/ solvate forms of carvedilol are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of carvedilol drug substances.
Procedures for Crystallizifig Novel Forms of Carvedilol The novel hydrates/solvates forms provided herein axe optionally formed by precipitating carvedilol as a crystalline solid from a solvent or a solvent mixture. It will be understood by those of skill in the art, that other methods may also be used to form the hydrate/solvates form disclosed herein. Alternatively the polymorphs may be formed by routine modification of the procedures disclosed herein.
Formation of Crystalline Canvedilol Form III.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, which comprises the steps of forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent. The invention provides for a dissolving step wherein water is present in the solvent solution during the dissolving step.
The invention also provides for a precipitation step wherein water is added to the solution after carvedilol is fully dissolved in a solvent.
Optionally, to form the solvent solution containing carvedilol, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at elevated temperature. The preferred elevated temperature is from about 40 to about 90 °C. Most preferably the elevated temperature is about 55 °C.
Alternatively, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at ambient temperature.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides, forming the solvent solution containing carvedilol, by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol Form III by the addition of an anti-solvent. Solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes pyridine, dioxane, isopropanol and chloroform. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes water and hexane.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention provides, forming the solvent solution containing carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in an organic solvent and water and precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III. In this embodiment the organic solvent is optionally an alcohol. The alcohol is preferably selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. Alternatively, the organic solvent may be selected from the group of solvents consisting of pyridine, dioxane, and ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofurane.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention provides, a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of drying crystalline carvedilol at elevated temperature, suspending crystalline carvedilol in a solution mixture, heating the solution mixture until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved, cooling the solution mixture, and collecting crystalline carvedilol Form III.
Optionally, the drying step may be performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a temperature from about 50° C to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
Optionally, the suspending step may be performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in a solution mixture of ethyl acetate: water (150:40).
Optionally, the heating step may be performed by heating the solution mixture from about 60 to about 70°C with agitation until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved.
Optionally, the cooling step may be performed by cooling the solution mixture to about to 10° C for a period of about 3 hours with agitation.
Formation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form ITS
The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form IV by forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol Form IV by the addition of an "anti-solvent". In this embodiment, solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes methyl ethyl ketone, and a methyl isobutyl ketone. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes cylcohexane and heptane.
Optionally, to form crystalline carvedilol Form IV carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at from below ambient temperature to elevated temperatures. The preferred temperature is from about 10° to about 50°C. Most preferably the temperature is ambient temperature.
Formation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V.
1 The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V by forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol solvate Form V by cooling or by adding an anti-solvent.
In this embodiment, the solvent is optionally selected from the group which includes methyl ethyl ketone. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes cylcohexane and hexane.
Optionally, to form crystalline carvedilol Form V the carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent solution at elevated temperature. The preferred elevated temperature is from about 10 to about 80° C. Most preferably the elevated temperature is about 55° C.
Alternatively, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent solution at ambient temperature.
Novel Hvdrate ahd Solvate Crystal Forms of Carvedilol The present invention provides novel crystal forms of carvedilol which will be designated as Forms III, IV and V, as well as carvedilol HCl. These forms can be distinguished from the prior art forms of carvedilol and from each other by characteristic powder X-ray diffraction patterns and thermal profiles.
The different crystal forms may also be characterized by their respective solvation state. The most commonly encountered solvates among pharmaceuticals are those of 1:1 stoichiometry. Occasionally mixed solvate species are encountered. When water or solvent is incorporated into the crystal lattice of a compound in stoichiometric proportions, the molecular adduct or adducts formed are referred to as hydrates or solvates.
' Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol Form III ("Form III") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 8.4 + 0.2, 9.3 + 0.2, 11.6 + 0.2, 13.2 + 0.2, 13.5 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 15.3 +0.2, 15.8+0.2,17.4+0.2, 18.4+0.2, 19.4+0.2,20.6+0.2,21.4+0.2,22.0+0.2,26.5 + 0.2 and 27.6 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form III are at about 8.4 + 0.2, I7.4 + 0.2, and 22.0 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 1.
The DTG thermal profile of Form IV is shown in Fig. 2. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal profile of form III shows one melting peak around 100°C
(96°C - 110°C), depending on the samples and on the particle size. This melting peak is concomitant to a loss on drying of about 2% as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The amount of water in the sample as determined by Karl Fisher analysis is in good agreement with the value obtained from TGA, thus confirming that the loss on drying is due to the dehydration of water, and indicating that this material is a.
Crystalline Ca~vedilol Form ITl Carvedilol Form IV ("Form IV") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 15.7 + 0.2, 16.5 + 0.2, 17.7 +
0.2, 18.3 + 0.2, 19.2+0.2,19.6+0.2,21.7+0.2, 22.2+0.2,23.9+0.2,24.2+0.2,24.9+0.2,27.4+0.2 and 28.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form IV are at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 18.3 + 0.2, 19.2 + 0.2, 21.7 + 0.2, and 24.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 3.
The DTG thermal profile of Form IV is shown in Fig. 4. The DSC thermal profile of form IV shows one melting peak at about 104 ° C.
Crystalline Catwedilol Form h Carvedilol Form V ("Form V") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, 10.7 + 0.2, 11.5 + 0.2, 12.6 + 0.2, 14.0 + 0.2, 14.8+0.2, 15.4+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 16.8+0.2, 18.8+0.2,20.8+0.2,21.1+0.2,21.6+0.2, and 25.4 + 0.2, degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form IV
are at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, 10.7 + 0.2 and 11.5 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 5.
The DTG thermal profile of Form V is shown in Fig. 6. The DSC thermal profile of Form V shows a solvent desorption endotherm. at about 67°C, followed by a recrystallization event, and a melting peak at 115 ° C. The desorption endotherm is concomitant to a loss on drying of about 14% as determined by TGA. This behavior is consistent with the loss of a molecule of MEK per molecule of carvedilol (the calculated stoichiometric value of mono-MEK is 15%).
Carvedilol HCZ Hydrate Crystalline Carvedilol HCl is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks atabout6.5~0.2, 10.2~0.2, 10.4~0.2, 14.2~0.2, 14.7+0.2, 15.8+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 17.7~0.2,20.0~0.2,21.5~0.2,21.9+0.2,22.2+0.2,22.9+0.2,25.2+0.2,25.3+0.2, 27.2 + 0.2, 27.4 + 0.2, 28.2 + 0.2, 28.6 + 0.2, 29.6 + 0.2 degrees two theta.
The most characteristic peaks of crystalline carvedilol HCl are at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4 +
0.2,15.8 + 0.2,16.4 + 0.2 and 22.2+ 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 7.
The DTG thermal profile of carvedilol HCl shows two endothermic peaks. A peak at 118°C is a dehydration peak. A second peak endothermic peak at 13S°C is due to S melting of the sample. LOD for this sample is 3.S%. The Water content of this sample as measured by Karl-Fisher analysis is 3.7%. Thus the Karl-Fisher analysis is in agreement with LOD value, and confirm the presence of hydrate in this sample. The expected value for carvedilol HCl monohydrate is 3.9 A Pharmaceutical Compositiofz Contaihihg Carvedilol According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the novel crystal forms of carvedilol disclosed herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to a mammalian patient in a dosage form.
The dosage forms may contain one or more of the novel forms of carvedilol or, 1 S alternatively, may contain one or more of the novel forms of carvedilol as part of a composition. Whether administered in pure form or in a composition, the carvedilol forms) may be in the form of a powder, granules, aggregates or any other solid form. The compositions of the present invention include compositions for tableting.
Tableting compositions may have few or many components depending upon the tableting method used, the release rate desired and other factors. For example, compositions of the present invention may contain diluents such as cellulose-derived materials like powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose salts and other substituted and unsubstituted celluloses; starch;
2S pregelatinized starch; inorganic diluents such calcium carbonate and calcium diphosphate and other diluents known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Yet other suitable diluents include waxes, sugars (e.g. lactose) and sugar alcohols like mannitol and sorbitol, acrylate polymers and copolymers, as well as pectin, dextrin and gelatin.
Other excipients contemplated by the present invention include binders, such as acacia gum, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, glucose and other binders used in wet and dry granulation and direct compression tableting processes; disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and others; lubricants like magnesium and calcium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate;
flavorings; sweeteners; preservatives; pharmaceutically acceptable dyes and glidants such as silicon dioxide.
Dosage forms may be adapted for administration to the patient by oral, buccal, parenteral, ophthalmic, rectal and transdermal routes. Oral dosage forms include tablets, pills, capsules, troches, sachets, suspensions, powders, lozenges, elixirs and the like. The novel forms of carvedilol disclosed herein also may be administered as suppositories, ophthalmic ointments and suspensions, and parenteral suspensions, which are administered by other routes. The most preferred route of administration of the carvedilol forms of the present invention is oral.
Capsule dosages will contain the solid composition within a capsule which may be coated with gelatin. Tablets and powders may also be coated with an enteric coating. The enteric-coated powder forms may have coatings comprising phthalic acid cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, a copolymer of styrene and malefic acid, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and like materials, and if desired, they may be employed with suitable plasticizers andlor extending agents. A coated tablet may have a coating on the surface of the tablet or may be a tablet comprising a powder or granules with an enteric-coating.
The currently marketed form of carvedilol is available as a 3.125 mg, a 6.25 mg, a 12.5 mg, and a 25 mg tablet which includes the following inactive ingredients:
colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, povidone, sucrose, and titanium dioxide.
The function and advantage of these and other embodiments of the present invention will be more fully understood from the examples below. The following examples are intended to illustrate the benefits of the present invention, but do not exemplify the full scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1:
Preparation of Carvedilol in neat conditions.
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III) (4.89 g) was heated to about 100°C, after which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (II) (3.31 g) was added portionwise.
After approximately 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled to about 70°C, after which water (25 ml) and ethyl acetate (15 ml) were added. The pH of the two-phase mixture was then adjusted to 5 with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The solid that formed, Carvedilol hydrochloride hydrate, is filtered, washed with water (20m1) followed with ethylacetate (15m1).
The resulting material is reslurried in ethylacetate (SOml) and water (20m1) containing 5%
Sodium carbonate until the pH reached 7.5. The organic phase was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The dried solution was concentrated to a turbid solution and cooled overnight to about 4oC. Precipitated carvedilol was isolated by filteration and crystallized from isopropanol.
Example 2:
Preparation of Carvedilol in neat conditions.
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III) (4.89 g) was heated to about 100°C, after which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (II) (3.31 g) was added portionwise.
After approximately 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled to about 70°C, after which water (25 ml) and ethyl acetate (1 S ml) were added. The pH of the two-phase mixture was then adjusted to 5 with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The solid that formed, Carvedilol hydrochloride hydrate, is filtered, washed with water (20m1) followed with ethylacetate (15m1).
The resulting material is reslurried in ethylacetate (SOmI) and water (20m1) containing 5% Sodium carbonate until the pH reached 7.5. The organic phase was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The dried solution was concentrated to a turbid solution and cooled overnight to about 4°C. Precipitated carvedilol was isolated by filteration and crystallized from methanol.
Example 3:
Process for preparing Form I of Carvedilol Crystalline carvedilol is prepared according to the procedure in Example 3.
The crystalline material is then dried at 50-60°C for 6 hours. The dried crystalline carvedilol (220 g carvedilol) is dissolved in 2200 ml Ehtyl Acetate. The ethyl acetate solution is heated with agitation to 77°C until the solid is completly dissolved.
The ethyl acetate solution was then cooled with agitation to about 50°C in a time period of 15 min. Te cooled solution was stirred for 48 hours. The solution was then cooled to 10°C in 0.75 hours with agitation. After stirring the suspension for additional 24 hours, the product was filtered. Pure Crystalline carvedilol Form I (170 g) was obtained.
Example 4:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II .
Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the solvents listed in Table I. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to reach a clear solution, usually close to the solvent boiling temperature. The solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and the precipitate is filtered to yield Carvedilol for II.
Table I
Solvent Ratio of Solvent (ml) : Carvedilol (g) Methanol 11 Ethanol abs. 12 1-propanol 14 Isopropanol 13 n-Butanol 11 Ethylen glycol13 Ethyl-acetate 10 Butyl Acetate 12 isobutyl methl12 ketone Dichloromethane12 Dichloroethane25 Acetonitile 50 Acetone 25 Example 5:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II by Filtration at -20 °C.
Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the solvents listed in Table II. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to about the solvent boiling temperature. The solution is then cooled to -20 °C, the precipitate is filtered and dried to yield Carvedilol Form II.
Table II
Solvent Ratio of Solvent (ml) Carvedilol (g) [Please Confirm Units]
Isoamylalcohol50 Toluene 53 Xylene I 51 Example 6:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II in Solvent Mixtures Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the mixture of solvents listed in Table III. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to form a clear solution, usually close to the boiling temperature of the mixture of solvent. The solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The crystals are collected by filtration and dried to yeld Carvedilol form II.
Table III
Solvent Solvents Ratio Solvent ratio (ml) Carvedilol (g) [Please Confirm Units]
Acetone : 1:4.8 230 S Cyclohexane Chloroform: 1:3 130 Cyclohexane Dichloroethane:1:2.5 142 cyclohexane Dichloromethane:1:1.7 90 Cyclohexane Pyridine: 1:3.5 45 Cyclohexane Tetrahydrofurane1:2.5 53 :Cyclohexane Dioxane: 1:2.3 70 Cyclohexane Acetone: Hexane1:2 235 Chloroform: 1:1.5 87 hexane Dichloroethane:1:1.2 89 Hexane Dichloromethane:1:1.6 90 hexane Tetrahydrofuran:1:3 49 Hexane Ethanol: Hexane1:3.8 I45 Example 7:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III .
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 45mL of a mixture of 96% Ethanol and 4% water by heating the mixture under stirring in a 55 ° C water bath. The solution was cooled and left at room temperature without stirring for about 14 hours, the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel, rinsed twice with about lOml cold (4°C) 96%
ethanol, and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form III.
Example 8:
Preparation of Crystalline CarvediloI Form III.
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 195mL mixture of water/methanol (in a ratio 1:3 respectively ) by heating the mixture under stirnng in 55 °C water bath. The solution cooled to ambient temperature and left at ambient temperature without stirnng for about 15h, the crystals were filtered through a buchner and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Foam III.
Exam 1u a 9:
Preparation of Crystalline CarvediloI Form III, Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 39mL pyridine by stirring at room temperature.
70mL of water was then added dropwise until crystallization began. The solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about SOh, then the crystals were filtered through a buchner and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III.
Exam 1u a 10:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 76 mL dioxane at room temperature, and 110 mL
of water were added in portions of about 10 mL to the stirred solution. The resulting solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h, then the crystalline precipitate which had formed was filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III in a mixture with Carvedilol Form II.
Example 11:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 267mL dioxane/water in the ratio 1:1.4 respectively by heating the mixture under stirring at 55 °C water bath.
The resulting solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h then the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III in a mixture with Carvedilol Form II.
Exam 1u a 12:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 180m1, Hexane/IPA in a ratio 1: 1 by heating the mixture under stirring at 55 °C water bath. The solution was allowed to sit at room temperature without stirnng for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator (connected to air pump) at room temperature until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III.
Example 13:
Process for preparing Form III of Carvedilol I O Carvedilol (40 g) was dissolved in 150 mI of ethanol and 40 ml water. The solution was heated with agitation to 60-70°C until the solid material was completely dissolved.
The solution is then cooled with agitation to 10° C over a period of 3 hours. After stirring the suspension for an additional 2.75 hours, the product is filtered. Pure Carvedilol Form III (35 g) was obtained.
Example 14:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form IV .
Carvedilol (1g) was dissolved in 35 mL methyl ethyl ketone by stirnng at room temperature, and 202 mL cyclohexane was added dropwise. The solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form IV.
Example 15:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V .
Carvedilol (1g) was dissolved in 70 mL methyl ethyl ketone by stirnng at room temperature, and 138 mL hexane were added dropwise. The solution was left at room temperature without stirnng for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form V.
Example 16:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V .
Carvedilol (2g) was dissolved in 45 mL methyl ethyl ketone by heating the mixture under stirring at SS °C water bath, then the solution was cooled and left at room temperature without stirring for about 14 hours, the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form V.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional applications Nos.
60/214,356, filed June 28, 2000 and 60/246,358, filed Nov. 7, 2000, incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improved process of preparing carvedilol, as well as a new crystalline hydrate and solvate and forms of carvedilol, processes for the manufacture thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Carvedilol is a nonselective (3-adrenergic blocking agent with az blocking activity.
Carvedilol, also known as (~) 1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[[2(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]-2-propanol, (CAS RegistryNo. 72956-09-3) has the structure of formula I.
~ ~ 0 O~N
H
N/
H
Carvedilol has a chiral center and can exist either as individual stereoisomers or in racemic form. Racemic carvedilol is the active ingredient of COREG~, which is indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. The nonselective (3-adrenergic activity of carvedilol is present in the S(-) enantiomer and the a1 blocking activity is present in both the R(+) and S(-) enantiomers at equal potency. Both the racemate and stereoisomers may be obtained according to procedures well known in the art (EP B 0127 099).
Synthesis oaf Carvedilol U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,067, Which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a process of preparing carvedilol by the following reaction:
o~
° ~°
H:N
H3C0°
N
H
II III
O~N
°
H
N
H
I5 in which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (formula II) is reacted with (2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (formula III) to form carvedilol (I). The above process produces a low yield of carvedilol at least in part because in addition to carvedilol, the process leads to the production of a bis impurity of the following structure (formula IV):
OH
\ /
N ~ N
H
O
OH
N
H
IV
(See EP 918055.) In order to reduce the formation of the formula IV and to increase the yield of carvedilol, EP 918055 discloses using a benzyl protected form of the 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III).
Caryedilol Polymorphs International application No. WO 99/05105, incorporated herein by reference, discloses that carvedilol can be isolated as two polymorphic forms, depending on the method of preparation. The two polymorphic forms, designated Form I and Form II, are reported to be monotropic and are distinguishable by their infrared, Rarnan and X-ray powder diffraction spectra. No evidence is found in the literature about the existence of hydrated solvate states of carvedilol.
Polymorphism is the property of some molecules and molecular complexes to assume more than one crystalline form in the solid state. A single molecule may give rise to a variety of crystal forms (also called "polymorphs", "hydrates" or "solvates") having distinct physical properties. For a general review of polymorphs and the pharmaceutical applications of polymorphs see G.M. Wall, Plaarm Manuf. 3, 33 (1986); J.K.
Haleblian and W. McCrone, J. Pharm. Sci., 58, 911 (1969); and J.K. Haleblian, J. Pharm.
Sci., 64, 1269 (1975), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The existence and physical properties of different crystal forms can be determined by a variety of techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Differences in the physical properties of different crystal forms result from the orientation and intermolecular interactions of adj acent molecules (complexes) in the bulk solid. Accordingly, polymorphs, hydrates and solvates are distinct solids sharing the same molecular formula yet having distinct advantageous and/or disadvantageous physical properties compared to other forms in the polymorph family. The existence and physical properties of polymorphs, hydrates and solvates is unpredictable.
One of the most important physical properties of a pharmaceutical compound which can form polymorphs, hydrates or solvates, is its solubility in aqueous solution, particularly the solubility in gastric juices of a patient. Other important properties relate to the ease of processing the form into pharmaceutical dosages, such as the tendency of a powdered or granulated form to flow and the surface properties that determine whether crystals of the form will adhere to each other when compacted into a tablet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a process for preparing carvedilol comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula II, 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole, o~
N
H
II
with a compound of formula III, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine H,N
H3C0' III
wherein the compound of formula III is at a molar excess over the compound of formula II.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol hydrate.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol Form III
characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 8.4 + 0.2, 17.4 ~ 0.2, and 22.0 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol Form IV
characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 18.3 +
0.2, 19.2 + 0.2, 21.7 + 0.2, and 24.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate Form V characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, and 10.7 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides carvedilol HCI Hydrate characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4 + 0.2, 15.8 + 0.2,16.4 + 0.2 and 22.2+ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form I, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating; heating the solution until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved; reducing the temperature of the solution; agitating the solution for a period of time; further reducing the temperature of the solution; further agitating the solution for a period of time; and collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent; precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution; and, isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture; precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C; and, isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating; cooling the solution mixture; and, collecting crystalline carvedilol Form III.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form IV, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; adding an anti-solvent to the solvent solution; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form IV from the solvent solution.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution.
The present invention further provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution wherein the precipitation step is performed by adding an anti-solvent.
ERIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form III.
Fig. 2. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form III.
Fig. 3. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form IV.
Fig. 4. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form IV.
Fig. 5. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol Form V.
Fig. 6. shows the DTG thermal profile of carvedilol Form V.
Fig. 7. shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of carvedilol HCl.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, the term "carvedilol" includes hydrates and solvates of carvedilol.
The term "water content" refers to the content of water, based upon the Loss on Drying method (the "LOD" method) as described in Pharmacopeia Forum, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 5438 (Jan - Feb 1998), the Karl Fisher assay for determining water content or thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The term "equivalents of water" means molar equivalents of water. All percentages herein are by weight unless otherwise indicated. Those skilled in the art will also understand that the term "anhydrous", when used in reference to carvedilol, describes carvedilol which is substantially free of water. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the term "hemihydrate", when used in reference to carvedilol, describes a crystalline material having a water content of about 2.2% w/w. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the term "hydrate",in reference to carvedilol hydrochloride a crystalline material having a water content of about or above 2% w/w. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the term "solvate of methyl-ethyl-ketone" refers to carvedilol in which solvent is contained within the crystal lattice in quantities above 1%. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that the term "solvate of methyl-ethyl-ketone" which contains one mole of is characterized by a methyl-ethyl-ketone content of about 14 % by weight.
Hydrate and solvate forms of carvedilol are novel and distinct from each other in terms of their characteristic powder X-ray diffraction patterns and their thermal profiles.
Fox the purposes of this specification, ambient temperature is from about 20°C to about 25°C.
All powder X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained by methods known in the art using a Philips X-ray powder diffractometer. Copper radiation of ~, = 1.5418 A
was used.
Measurement of thermal analysis are conducted for the purpose of evaluating the physical and chemical changes that may take place in a heated sample. Thermal reactions can be endothermic (e.g., melting, boiling, sublimation, vaporization, desolvation, solid-solid phase transitions, chemical degradation, etc.) or exothermic (e.g., crystallization, oxidative decomposition, etc.) in nature. Such methodology has gained widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry in characterization of polymorphism. Thermal measurements have proven to be useful in the characterization of polymorphic systems. The most commonly applied techniques are thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The DTA and TGA curves presented herein were obtained by methods known in the art using a DTG Shimadzu model DTG-50 (combined TGA and DTA). The weight of the samples was about 9 to about 13 mg. The samples were scanned up to about 300 ° C or above at a rate of 10°C/min. Samples were purged with nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 20 ml/min. Standard alumina crucibles covered lids with one hole.
Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) is a measure of the thermally induced weight loss of a material as a function of the applied temperature. TGA is restricted to transitions that involve either a gain or a Loss of mass, and it is most commonly used to study desolvation processes and compound decomposition.
Karl Fisher analysis, which is well known in the art, is also used to determine the quantity of water in a sample.
As used herein, a solvent is any liquid substance capable of dissolving carvedilol.
As used herein, the term "anti-solvent" means a liquid in which a compound is poorly soluble. The addition of an anti-solvent to a solvent reduces the solubility of a compound.
As used herein a mixture of solvents refers to a composition comprising more than one solvent.
As used herein, the term "neat" conditions refers to conditions of a reaction wherein the solvent of the reaction is one of the reactants.
Syjzthesis oJf Carvedilol According to one embodiment, the present invention is a process for preparing carvedilol comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula II, 4-(oxiran-2-ylinethoxy)-9H-carbazole, o~
N
H
II
with a compound of formula III, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine H,N
III.
The new procedure results in a higher yield of carvedilol than has been reported in the prior art. In addition, the product of the new procedure is nearly free of bis impurities and the reaction is more rapid.
Preferably, the compound of formula III is at a molar excess over the compound of formula II. The compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are preferably at a molar ratio from about 1.5:1 to about 100:1. More preferably, the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are at a molar ration from about 2.8:1 to about 10:1.
Most preferably, the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II
are at a molar ratio from about 2.8:1 to about 6:1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the reacting step is performed in a solvent. The solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane. In an alternative embodiment, the reacting step is performed in a solvent mixture wherein the solvent mixture comprises multiple solvents. Preferably, a solvent of the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane.
The reacting step is preferably performed at a temperature from about 25°C and about 150°C. Most preferably, the reacting step is performed at a temperature from about 60°C and about 120°C.
In an alternative embodiment, the reacting step is performed under neat conditions.
The neat conditions may obtained by melting a solid form of the compound of formula III
to form a liquid and, dissolving the compound of formula II in the liquid to form a reaction mixture.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of reducing the temperature of the reaction mixture after dissolving the compound of formula II. The temperature is preferably reduced to about 70°C.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of adding an organic solvent: water mixture to the reaction mixture. The organic solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone and butyl acetate.
The reaction performed under neat conditions may further comprise a step of adjusting the pH of the organic solvent: water mixture after it is added to the reaction mixture. The pH is preferably adjusted to less than about pH 5. More preferably, the pH is adjusted from about pH 3 to about pH 5.
Optionally, the process further comprises the steps of isolating carvedilol hydrochloride after adjusting the pH, and purifying carvedilol.
Carvedilol hydrochloride is optionally isolated as a hydrate. Carvedilol HCl isolated as a hydrate typically has an XRD peaks are found at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4+0.2, 14.2+0.2, 14.7+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 17.7+0.2,20.0+0.2,21.9+0.2,25.2+0.2 degrees to 2-theta.
The reaction preformed under neat conditions may further comprise steps of, isolating carvedilol from the reaction mixture after adjusting the pH, and purifying carvedilol. Optionally, carvedilol may be purified by methods well known in the art. (See EP B 0127 099.) Novel Metlzods,for Preparih~ Crystalline Carvedilol Form I ahd Form II
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form I, by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved, reducing the temperature of the solution and agitating the solution for a period of time, further reducing the temperature of the solution and agitating the solution for a period of time and, collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating the solvent.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a S temperature from about SO° C 0 to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in ethyl acetate.
The dissolving step is optionally performed by heating the solution to about 77°C.
The step of reducing the temperature of the solution is optionally performed by cooling the solution to about SO° C in a time period of 1 S min.
The step of agitating solution is optionally performed at about SO° C
for about 48 hours.
The step of further reducing the temperature of the solution is optionally performed by cooling the solution to about 10°C in about 0.75 hours with agitation.
1 S The step of further agitating the solution is optionally performed by stirring the suspension for more than S hours. The step of further agitation may optionally be performed by stirring the suspension for about 24 hours.
The drying step may be performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a temperature from about SO° C 0 to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
The suspending step may be performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in ethyl acetate.
The heating step may be performed by heating the solution to about 77°C.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving 2S carvedilol in a solvent, precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution, and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
Optionally, the step of dissolving carvedilol is performed at a temperature from about 40° C to about the boiling temp of the solvent.
Optionally, the step of cooling the solution is performed by reducing the temperature from about -20 °C to about ambient temperature.
Optionally, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, absolute ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, butyl acetate, isobutyl methyl ketone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetonitrile, acetone, isoamylalcohol, xylene and toluene.
Optionally, the precipitated carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture, precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C, and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
Optionally, the carvedilol is dissolved in a solution at a temperature from about 40°C to about the boiling temperature of the solvent.
Optionally, the carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
Optionally, the step of cooling the reaction is performed by cooling the solution to a temperature from about -20°C to ambient temperature.
Optionally, the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of acetone:
cyclohexane, chloroform: cyclohexane, dichloroethane: cyclohexane, dichloromethane:
cyclohexane, pyridine: cyclohexane, tetrahydrofurane:cyclohexane, dioxane:
cyclohexane, acetone: hexane, chloroform: hexane, dichloroethane: hexane, dichloromethane:
hexane, tetrahydrofuran: hexane and ethanol: hexane.
Novel Carvedilol Polvnaor~hs In another aspect the present invention provides new crystalline forms of carvedilol, designated Forms III, IV, V and processes for the manufacture thereof.
Moreover, the present invention provides a new hydrate form of carvedilol, having water content of about 2 % by weight and processes for their manufacture. In another embodiment, the present invention provides new solvate forms of carvedilol, having solvent content up to about 14 by weight, wherein the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone, and processes for their manufacture. These hydrate/ solvate forms of carvedilol are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of carvedilol drug substances.
Procedures for Crystallizifig Novel Forms of Carvedilol The novel hydrates/solvates forms provided herein axe optionally formed by precipitating carvedilol as a crystalline solid from a solvent or a solvent mixture. It will be understood by those of skill in the art, that other methods may also be used to form the hydrate/solvates form disclosed herein. Alternatively the polymorphs may be formed by routine modification of the procedures disclosed herein.
Formation of Crystalline Canvedilol Form III.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, which comprises the steps of forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol; and, precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent. The invention provides for a dissolving step wherein water is present in the solvent solution during the dissolving step.
The invention also provides for a precipitation step wherein water is added to the solution after carvedilol is fully dissolved in a solvent.
Optionally, to form the solvent solution containing carvedilol, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at elevated temperature. The preferred elevated temperature is from about 40 to about 90 °C. Most preferably the elevated temperature is about 55 °C.
Alternatively, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at ambient temperature.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides, forming the solvent solution containing carvedilol, by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol Form III by the addition of an anti-solvent. Solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes pyridine, dioxane, isopropanol and chloroform. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes water and hexane.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention provides, forming the solvent solution containing carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in an organic solvent and water and precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III. In this embodiment the organic solvent is optionally an alcohol. The alcohol is preferably selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. Alternatively, the organic solvent may be selected from the group of solvents consisting of pyridine, dioxane, and ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofurane.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention provides, a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of drying crystalline carvedilol at elevated temperature, suspending crystalline carvedilol in a solution mixture, heating the solution mixture until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved, cooling the solution mixture, and collecting crystalline carvedilol Form III.
Optionally, the drying step may be performed by heating crystalline carvedilol at a temperature from about 50° C to about 60° C for about 6 hours.
Optionally, the suspending step may be performed by suspending the crystalline carvedilol in a solution mixture of ethyl acetate: water (150:40).
Optionally, the heating step may be performed by heating the solution mixture from about 60 to about 70°C with agitation until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved.
Optionally, the cooling step may be performed by cooling the solution mixture to about to 10° C for a period of about 3 hours with agitation.
Formation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form ITS
The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form IV by forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol Form IV by the addition of an "anti-solvent". In this embodiment, solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes methyl ethyl ketone, and a methyl isobutyl ketone. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes cylcohexane and heptane.
Optionally, to form crystalline carvedilol Form IV carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent at from below ambient temperature to elevated temperatures. The preferred temperature is from about 10° to about 50°C. Most preferably the temperature is ambient temperature.
Formation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V.
1 The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V by forming a solvent solution containing carvedilol and inducing precipitation of crystalline carvedilol solvate Form V by cooling or by adding an anti-solvent.
In this embodiment, the solvent is optionally selected from the group which includes methyl ethyl ketone. Anti-solvents are optionally selected from the group which includes cylcohexane and hexane.
Optionally, to form crystalline carvedilol Form V the carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent solution at elevated temperature. The preferred elevated temperature is from about 10 to about 80° C. Most preferably the elevated temperature is about 55° C.
Alternatively, carvedilol may be dissolved in a solvent solution at ambient temperature.
Novel Hvdrate ahd Solvate Crystal Forms of Carvedilol The present invention provides novel crystal forms of carvedilol which will be designated as Forms III, IV and V, as well as carvedilol HCl. These forms can be distinguished from the prior art forms of carvedilol and from each other by characteristic powder X-ray diffraction patterns and thermal profiles.
The different crystal forms may also be characterized by their respective solvation state. The most commonly encountered solvates among pharmaceuticals are those of 1:1 stoichiometry. Occasionally mixed solvate species are encountered. When water or solvent is incorporated into the crystal lattice of a compound in stoichiometric proportions, the molecular adduct or adducts formed are referred to as hydrates or solvates.
' Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol Form III ("Form III") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 8.4 + 0.2, 9.3 + 0.2, 11.6 + 0.2, 13.2 + 0.2, 13.5 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 15.3 +0.2, 15.8+0.2,17.4+0.2, 18.4+0.2, 19.4+0.2,20.6+0.2,21.4+0.2,22.0+0.2,26.5 + 0.2 and 27.6 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form III are at about 8.4 + 0.2, I7.4 + 0.2, and 22.0 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 1.
The DTG thermal profile of Form IV is shown in Fig. 2. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal profile of form III shows one melting peak around 100°C
(96°C - 110°C), depending on the samples and on the particle size. This melting peak is concomitant to a loss on drying of about 2% as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The amount of water in the sample as determined by Karl Fisher analysis is in good agreement with the value obtained from TGA, thus confirming that the loss on drying is due to the dehydration of water, and indicating that this material is a.
Crystalline Ca~vedilol Form ITl Carvedilol Form IV ("Form IV") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 15.7 + 0.2, 16.5 + 0.2, 17.7 +
0.2, 18.3 + 0.2, 19.2+0.2,19.6+0.2,21.7+0.2, 22.2+0.2,23.9+0.2,24.2+0.2,24.9+0.2,27.4+0.2 and 28.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form IV are at about 11.9 + 0.2, 14.2 + 0.2, 18.3 + 0.2, 19.2 + 0.2, 21.7 + 0.2, and 24.2 + 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 3.
The DTG thermal profile of Form IV is shown in Fig. 4. The DSC thermal profile of form IV shows one melting peak at about 104 ° C.
Crystalline Catwedilol Form h Carvedilol Form V ("Form V") is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, 10.7 + 0.2, 11.5 + 0.2, 12.6 + 0.2, 14.0 + 0.2, 14.8+0.2, 15.4+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 16.8+0.2, 18.8+0.2,20.8+0.2,21.1+0.2,21.6+0.2, and 25.4 + 0.2, degrees two-theta. The most characteristic peaks of Form IV
are at about 4.1 + 0.2, 10.3 + 0.2, 10.7 + 0.2 and 11.5 + 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 5.
The DTG thermal profile of Form V is shown in Fig. 6. The DSC thermal profile of Form V shows a solvent desorption endotherm. at about 67°C, followed by a recrystallization event, and a melting peak at 115 ° C. The desorption endotherm is concomitant to a loss on drying of about 14% as determined by TGA. This behavior is consistent with the loss of a molecule of MEK per molecule of carvedilol (the calculated stoichiometric value of mono-MEK is 15%).
Carvedilol HCZ Hydrate Crystalline Carvedilol HCl is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with peaks atabout6.5~0.2, 10.2~0.2, 10.4~0.2, 14.2~0.2, 14.7+0.2, 15.8+0.2, 16.4+0.2, 17.7~0.2,20.0~0.2,21.5~0.2,21.9+0.2,22.2+0.2,22.9+0.2,25.2+0.2,25.3+0.2, 27.2 + 0.2, 27.4 + 0.2, 28.2 + 0.2, 28.6 + 0.2, 29.6 + 0.2 degrees two theta.
The most characteristic peaks of crystalline carvedilol HCl are at about 6.5 + 0.2, 10.2 + 0.2, 10.4 +
0.2,15.8 + 0.2,16.4 + 0.2 and 22.2+ 0.2 degrees two-theta. The diffraction pattern is reproduced in Fig. 7.
The DTG thermal profile of carvedilol HCl shows two endothermic peaks. A peak at 118°C is a dehydration peak. A second peak endothermic peak at 13S°C is due to S melting of the sample. LOD for this sample is 3.S%. The Water content of this sample as measured by Karl-Fisher analysis is 3.7%. Thus the Karl-Fisher analysis is in agreement with LOD value, and confirm the presence of hydrate in this sample. The expected value for carvedilol HCl monohydrate is 3.9 A Pharmaceutical Compositiofz Contaihihg Carvedilol According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the novel crystal forms of carvedilol disclosed herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to a mammalian patient in a dosage form.
The dosage forms may contain one or more of the novel forms of carvedilol or, 1 S alternatively, may contain one or more of the novel forms of carvedilol as part of a composition. Whether administered in pure form or in a composition, the carvedilol forms) may be in the form of a powder, granules, aggregates or any other solid form. The compositions of the present invention include compositions for tableting.
Tableting compositions may have few or many components depending upon the tableting method used, the release rate desired and other factors. For example, compositions of the present invention may contain diluents such as cellulose-derived materials like powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose salts and other substituted and unsubstituted celluloses; starch;
2S pregelatinized starch; inorganic diluents such calcium carbonate and calcium diphosphate and other diluents known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Yet other suitable diluents include waxes, sugars (e.g. lactose) and sugar alcohols like mannitol and sorbitol, acrylate polymers and copolymers, as well as pectin, dextrin and gelatin.
Other excipients contemplated by the present invention include binders, such as acacia gum, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, glucose and other binders used in wet and dry granulation and direct compression tableting processes; disintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and others; lubricants like magnesium and calcium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate;
flavorings; sweeteners; preservatives; pharmaceutically acceptable dyes and glidants such as silicon dioxide.
Dosage forms may be adapted for administration to the patient by oral, buccal, parenteral, ophthalmic, rectal and transdermal routes. Oral dosage forms include tablets, pills, capsules, troches, sachets, suspensions, powders, lozenges, elixirs and the like. The novel forms of carvedilol disclosed herein also may be administered as suppositories, ophthalmic ointments and suspensions, and parenteral suspensions, which are administered by other routes. The most preferred route of administration of the carvedilol forms of the present invention is oral.
Capsule dosages will contain the solid composition within a capsule which may be coated with gelatin. Tablets and powders may also be coated with an enteric coating. The enteric-coated powder forms may have coatings comprising phthalic acid cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, a copolymer of styrene and malefic acid, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and like materials, and if desired, they may be employed with suitable plasticizers andlor extending agents. A coated tablet may have a coating on the surface of the tablet or may be a tablet comprising a powder or granules with an enteric-coating.
The currently marketed form of carvedilol is available as a 3.125 mg, a 6.25 mg, a 12.5 mg, and a 25 mg tablet which includes the following inactive ingredients:
colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, povidone, sucrose, and titanium dioxide.
The function and advantage of these and other embodiments of the present invention will be more fully understood from the examples below. The following examples are intended to illustrate the benefits of the present invention, but do not exemplify the full scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1:
Preparation of Carvedilol in neat conditions.
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III) (4.89 g) was heated to about 100°C, after which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (II) (3.31 g) was added portionwise.
After approximately 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled to about 70°C, after which water (25 ml) and ethyl acetate (15 ml) were added. The pH of the two-phase mixture was then adjusted to 5 with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The solid that formed, Carvedilol hydrochloride hydrate, is filtered, washed with water (20m1) followed with ethylacetate (15m1).
The resulting material is reslurried in ethylacetate (SOml) and water (20m1) containing 5%
Sodium carbonate until the pH reached 7.5. The organic phase was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The dried solution was concentrated to a turbid solution and cooled overnight to about 4oC. Precipitated carvedilol was isolated by filteration and crystallized from isopropanol.
Example 2:
Preparation of Carvedilol in neat conditions.
2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine (III) (4.89 g) was heated to about 100°C, after which 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole (II) (3.31 g) was added portionwise.
After approximately 20 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled to about 70°C, after which water (25 ml) and ethyl acetate (1 S ml) were added. The pH of the two-phase mixture was then adjusted to 5 with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The solid that formed, Carvedilol hydrochloride hydrate, is filtered, washed with water (20m1) followed with ethylacetate (15m1).
The resulting material is reslurried in ethylacetate (SOmI) and water (20m1) containing 5% Sodium carbonate until the pH reached 7.5. The organic phase was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. The dried solution was concentrated to a turbid solution and cooled overnight to about 4°C. Precipitated carvedilol was isolated by filteration and crystallized from methanol.
Example 3:
Process for preparing Form I of Carvedilol Crystalline carvedilol is prepared according to the procedure in Example 3.
The crystalline material is then dried at 50-60°C for 6 hours. The dried crystalline carvedilol (220 g carvedilol) is dissolved in 2200 ml Ehtyl Acetate. The ethyl acetate solution is heated with agitation to 77°C until the solid is completly dissolved.
The ethyl acetate solution was then cooled with agitation to about 50°C in a time period of 15 min. Te cooled solution was stirred for 48 hours. The solution was then cooled to 10°C in 0.75 hours with agitation. After stirring the suspension for additional 24 hours, the product was filtered. Pure Crystalline carvedilol Form I (170 g) was obtained.
Example 4:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II .
Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the solvents listed in Table I. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to reach a clear solution, usually close to the solvent boiling temperature. The solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and the precipitate is filtered to yield Carvedilol for II.
Table I
Solvent Ratio of Solvent (ml) : Carvedilol (g) Methanol 11 Ethanol abs. 12 1-propanol 14 Isopropanol 13 n-Butanol 11 Ethylen glycol13 Ethyl-acetate 10 Butyl Acetate 12 isobutyl methl12 ketone Dichloromethane12 Dichloroethane25 Acetonitile 50 Acetone 25 Example 5:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II by Filtration at -20 °C.
Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the solvents listed in Table II. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to about the solvent boiling temperature. The solution is then cooled to -20 °C, the precipitate is filtered and dried to yield Carvedilol Form II.
Table II
Solvent Ratio of Solvent (ml) Carvedilol (g) [Please Confirm Units]
Isoamylalcohol50 Toluene 53 Xylene I 51 Example 6:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form II in Solvent Mixtures Crystalline carvedilol Form II is formed by crystallizing carvedilol from the mixture of solvents listed in Table III. Carvedilol is crystallized by forming a solution of carvidilol heated to form a clear solution, usually close to the boiling temperature of the mixture of solvent. The solution is then cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The crystals are collected by filtration and dried to yeld Carvedilol form II.
Table III
Solvent Solvents Ratio Solvent ratio (ml) Carvedilol (g) [Please Confirm Units]
Acetone : 1:4.8 230 S Cyclohexane Chloroform: 1:3 130 Cyclohexane Dichloroethane:1:2.5 142 cyclohexane Dichloromethane:1:1.7 90 Cyclohexane Pyridine: 1:3.5 45 Cyclohexane Tetrahydrofurane1:2.5 53 :Cyclohexane Dioxane: 1:2.3 70 Cyclohexane Acetone: Hexane1:2 235 Chloroform: 1:1.5 87 hexane Dichloroethane:1:1.2 89 Hexane Dichloromethane:1:1.6 90 hexane Tetrahydrofuran:1:3 49 Hexane Ethanol: Hexane1:3.8 I45 Example 7:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III .
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 45mL of a mixture of 96% Ethanol and 4% water by heating the mixture under stirring in a 55 ° C water bath. The solution was cooled and left at room temperature without stirring for about 14 hours, the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel, rinsed twice with about lOml cold (4°C) 96%
ethanol, and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form III.
Example 8:
Preparation of Crystalline CarvediloI Form III.
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 195mL mixture of water/methanol (in a ratio 1:3 respectively ) by heating the mixture under stirnng in 55 °C water bath. The solution cooled to ambient temperature and left at ambient temperature without stirnng for about 15h, the crystals were filtered through a buchner and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Foam III.
Exam 1u a 9:
Preparation of Crystalline CarvediloI Form III, Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 39mL pyridine by stirring at room temperature.
70mL of water was then added dropwise until crystallization began. The solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about SOh, then the crystals were filtered through a buchner and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III.
Exam 1u a 10:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 76 mL dioxane at room temperature, and 110 mL
of water were added in portions of about 10 mL to the stirred solution. The resulting solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h, then the crystalline precipitate which had formed was filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III in a mixture with Carvedilol Form II.
Example 11:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 267mL dioxane/water in the ratio 1:1.4 respectively by heating the mixture under stirring at 55 °C water bath.
The resulting solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h then the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III in a mixture with Carvedilol Form II.
Exam 1u a 12:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form III
Carvedilol (4g) was dissolved in 180m1, Hexane/IPA in a ratio 1: 1 by heating the mixture under stirring at 55 °C water bath. The solution was allowed to sit at room temperature without stirnng for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator (connected to air pump) at room temperature until constant weight to yield Carvedilol Form III.
Example 13:
Process for preparing Form III of Carvedilol I O Carvedilol (40 g) was dissolved in 150 mI of ethanol and 40 ml water. The solution was heated with agitation to 60-70°C until the solid material was completely dissolved.
The solution is then cooled with agitation to 10° C over a period of 3 hours. After stirring the suspension for an additional 2.75 hours, the product is filtered. Pure Carvedilol Form III (35 g) was obtained.
Example 14:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form IV .
Carvedilol (1g) was dissolved in 35 mL methyl ethyl ketone by stirnng at room temperature, and 202 mL cyclohexane was added dropwise. The solution was left at room temperature without stirring for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form IV.
Example 15:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V .
Carvedilol (1g) was dissolved in 70 mL methyl ethyl ketone by stirnng at room temperature, and 138 mL hexane were added dropwise. The solution was left at room temperature without stirnng for about 15h, then the resulting crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form V.
Example 16:
Preparation of Crystalline Carvedilol Form V .
Carvedilol (2g) was dissolved in 45 mL methyl ethyl ketone by heating the mixture under stirring at SS °C water bath, then the solution was cooled and left at room temperature without stirring for about 14 hours, the crystals were filtered through a buchner funnel and dried in a desiccator at room temperature (connected to air pump) until constant weight to yield carvedilol Form V.
Claims (82)
1. A process for preparing carvedilol comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula II, 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-9H-carbazole, with a compound of formula III, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamine wherein the compound of formula III is at a molar excess over the compound of formula II.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are at a molar ratio from about 1.5:1 to about 100:1.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are at a molar ratio from about 2.8:1 to about 10:1.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula III and the compound of formula II are at a molar ratio from about 2.8:1 to about 6:1.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is performed in a solvent.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is performed in a solvent mixture wherein the solvent mixture comprises multiple solvents.
8. The process of claim 7, wherein a solvent of the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and heptane.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is performed at a temperature from about 25°C to about 150°C.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is performed at a temperature from about 60°C to about 120°C.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the reacting step is performed under neat conditions.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein the neat conditions are obtained by melting a solid form of the compound of formula III to form a liquid and, dissolving the compound of formula II in the liquid to form a reaction mixture.
13. The process of claim 11, further comprising a step of reducing the temperature of the reaction mixture after dissolving the compound of formula II.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein the temperature is reduced to about 70°C.
15. The process of claim 11, further comprising a step of adding an organic solvent:
water mixture to the reaction mixture.
water mixture to the reaction mixture.
16. The process of claim 15, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone.
17. The process of claim 15, further comprising a step of adjusting the pH of the organic solvent: water mixture to the reaction mixture after the organic solvent:
water mixture is added to the reaction mixture.
water mixture is added to the reaction mixture.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein the pH is adjusted to less than about pH
5.
5.
19. The process of claim 17, wherein the pH is adjusted from about pH 3 to about pH
5.
5.
20. The process of claim 11, further comprising steps of:
a) isolating carvedilol hydrochloride after adjusting the pH, and b) purifying carvedilol.
a) isolating carvedilol hydrochloride after adjusting the pH, and b) purifying carvedilol.
21. The process of claim 20, wherein carvedilol hydrochloride is a hydrate.
22. Crystalline carvedilol hydrate.
23. Crystalline carvedilol.
24. Crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate.
25. Crystalline carvedilol Form III.
26. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 25, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 8.4 ~ 0.2, 17.4 ~ 0.2, and 22.0 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
27. The carvedilol of claim 26, further characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 9.3 ~ 0.2, 11.6 ~ 0.2, 13.2 ~ 0.2, 13.5 ~ 0.2, 14.2 ~
0.2, 15.3~0.2, 15.8~0.2, 18.4~0.2, 19.4~0.2,20.6~0.2,21.4~0.2,26.5~0.2 and 27.6 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
0.2, 15.3~0.2, 15.8~0.2, 18.4~0.2, 19.4~0.2,20.6~0.2,21.4~0.2,26.5~0.2 and 27.6 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
28. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 24, characterized by a water content of about 2.0 by weight.
29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the crystalline carvedilol of claim 24, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
30. A method for treating a patient suffering from congestive heart failure by administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline carvedilol Form III.
31. A method for treating a patient suffering from hypertension by administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline carvedilol Form III.
32. Crystalline carvedilol Form IV.
33. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 32, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 11.9 ~ 0.2, 14.2 ~ 0.2, 18.3 ~ 0.2, 19.2 ~ 0.2, 21.7 ~
0.2, and 24.2 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
0.2, and 24.2 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
34. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 33, further characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 15.7 ~ 0.2, 16.5 ~ 0.2, 17.7 ~ 0.2, 19.6 ~
0.2, 22.2 ~ 0.2, 23.9 ~ 0.2, 24.9 ~ 0.2, 27.4 ~ 0.2 and 28.2 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
0.2, 22.2 ~ 0.2, 23.9 ~ 0.2, 24.9 ~ 0.2, 27.4 ~ 0.2 and 28.2 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
35. Crystalline carvedilol (methyl-ethyl-ketone) solvate Form V.
36. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 35, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 4.1 ~ 0.2, 10.3 ~ 0.2, and 10.7 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
37. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 36, further characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 11.5 ~ 0.2, 12.6 ~ 0.2, 14.0 ~ 0.2, 14.8 ~
0.2, 15.4~0.2, 16.4~0.2, 16.8~0.2, 18.8~0.2,20.8~0.2,21.1~0.2,21.6~
0.2, and 25.4 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
0.2, 15.4~0.2, 16.4~0.2, 16.8~0.2, 18.8~0.2,20.8~0.2,21.1~0.2,21.6~
0.2, and 25.4 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
38. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 35, characterized by a methyl-ethyl-ketone content of about 14% by weight.
39. Carvedilol HCl Hydrate.
40. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 39, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 6.5~0.2, 10.2~0.2, 10.4~0.2, 15.8~0.2,16.4~
0.2 and 22.2~0.2 degrees two-theta.
0.2 and 22.2~0.2 degrees two-theta.
41. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 40, further characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at about 14.2~0.2, 14.7~0.2, 16.4~0.2, 17.7~
0.2, 20.0~0.2, 21.5~0.2, 21.9~0.2, 22.9~0.2, 25.2~0.2, 25.3~0.2, 27.2~
0.2, 27.4~0.2, 28.2~0.2, 28.6~0.2, 29.6~0.2 degrees two theta.
0.2, 20.0~0.2, 21.5~0.2, 21.9~0.2, 22.9~0.2, 25.2~0.2, 25.3~0.2, 27.2~
0.2, 27.4~0.2, 28.2~0.2, 28.6~0.2, 29.6~0.2 degrees two theta.
42. The crystalline carvedilol of claim 39 characterized by a water content of about 3.5% by weight.
43. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form I, comprising the steps of:
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating;
b) heating the solution until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved;
c) reducing the temperature of the solution;
d) agitating the solution for a period of time;
d) further reducing the temperature of the solution;
e) further agitating the solution for a period of time; and, e) collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solution by heating;
b) heating the solution until the crystalline carvedilol is completely dissolved;
c) reducing the temperature of the solution;
d) agitating the solution for a period of time;
d) further reducing the temperature of the solution;
e) further agitating the solution for a period of time; and, e) collecting crystalline carvedilol Form I.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein the dissolving step is performed by heating the solution to about 77°C.
45. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of reducing the temperature of the solution is performed by cooling the solution to about 50°C in a time period of about 15 min.
46. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of agitating the solution is performed at about 50°C for about 48 hours.
47. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of further reducing the temperature of the solution is performed by cooling the solution to about 10°C in about 0.75 hours with agitation.
48. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of further agitating the solution is performed by stirring the suspension for more than about 5 hours.
49. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of:
a) forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent;
b) precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution; and, c) isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
a) forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent;
b) precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution; and, c) isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
50. The process of claim 49, wherein the temperature is from about 40°C
to about the boiling temp of the solvent.
to about the boiling temp of the solvent.
51. The process of claim 49, wherein the precipitated carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
52. The process of claim 49, wherein the solution is cooled to a temperature from about -20°C to ambient temperature.
53. The process of claim 49, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, butyl acetate, isobutyl methyl ketone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetonitrile, acetone, isoamylalcohol, xylene and toluene.
54. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form II, comprising the steps of:
a) forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture;
b) precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C; and, c) isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
a) forming a solution of carvedilol by dissolving carvedilol in a solvent mixture;
b) precipitating carvedilol Form II by cooling the solution to about -20°C; and, c) isolating crystalline carvedilol Form II.
55. The process of claim 54, wherein the temperature of the solution is from about 40°C to about the boiling temperature of the solvent.
56. The process of claim 54, wherein the precipitated carvedilol Form II is isolated by filtration.
57. The process of claim 54, wherein the solution is cooled to a temperature from about -20°C to ambient temperature.
58. The method of claim 54, wherein the solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of acetone: cyclohexane, chloroform: cyclohexane, dichloroethane:
cyclohexane, dichloromethane: cyclohexane, pyridine: cyclohexane, tetrahydrofurane:cyclohexane, dioxane: cyclohexane, acetone: hexane, chloroform:
hexane, dichloroethane: hexane, dichloromethane: hexane, tetrahydrofuran:
hexane and ethanol: hexane.
cyclohexane, dichloromethane: cyclohexane, pyridine: cyclohexane, tetrahydrofurane:cyclohexane, dioxane: cyclohexane, acetone: hexane, chloroform:
hexane, dichloroethane: hexane, dichloromethane: hexane, tetrahydrofuran:
hexane and ethanol: hexane.
59. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form III, comprising the steps of:
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent.
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form III from the solvent solution using water as an anti-solvent.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein water is present in the solvent solution during the dissolving step.
61. The method of claim 59, wherein the precipitation step is performed by adding water to the solution after carvedilol is fully dissolved in the solvent.
62. The method of claim 59, wherein the dissolving step is performed at elevated temperature.
63. The method of claim 59, wherein the elevated temperature is from about 40°C to about 90°C.
64. The method of claim 59, wherein the elevated temperature is about 55°C.
65. The method of claim 59, wherein the dissolving step is performed at ambient temperature.
66. The method of claim 59, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and chloroform.
67. The method of claim 59, wherein the solvent consists of a mixture of solvents.
68. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form IV, comprising the steps of:
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution;
b) adding an anti-solvent to the solvent solution; and, c) precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form IV from the solvent solution.
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution;
b) adding an anti-solvent to the solvent solution; and, c) precipitating crystalline carvedilol Form IV from the solvent solution.
69. The method of claim 68, wherein the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone.
70. The method of claim 68, wherein the anti-solvent is cyclohexane.
71. The method of claim 68, wherein the dissolving step is performed at from about 10°C to about 50°C.
72. The method of claim 68, wherein the dissolving step is performed at about 55°C.
73. The method of claim 68, wherein the dissolving step is performed at ambient temperature.
74. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of:
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution.
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution.
75. The method of claim 74, wherein the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone.
76. The method of claim 74, wherein the dissolving step is performed by dissolving carvedilol at ambient temperature.
77. The method of claim 74, wherein the temperature of dissolution is from about 10°C
to about 80°C.
to about 80°C.
78. The process of claim 74, wherein carvedilol Form V is precipitated by cooling.
79. A method for preparing crystalline carvedilol Form V, comprising the steps of:
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution wherein the precipitation step is performed by adding an anti-solvent.
a) dissolving carvedilol in a solvent to form a solvent solution; and, b) precipitating and isolating crystalline carvedilol Form V from the solvent solution wherein the precipitation step is performed by adding an anti-solvent.
80. The method of claim 79, wherein the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone.
81. The method of claim 79, wherein the dissolving step is performed by dissolving carvedilol at ambient temperature.
82. The method of claim 79, wherein the of anti-solvent is hexane.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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US21435600P | 2000-06-28 | 2000-06-28 | |
US60/214,356 | 2000-06-28 | ||
US24635800P | 2000-11-07 | 2000-11-07 | |
US60/246,358 | 2000-11-07 | ||
PCT/US2001/020760 WO2002000216A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | Carvedilol |
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CA2413702A1 true CA2413702A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
Family
ID=26908910
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CA002413702A Abandoned CA2413702A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | Carvedilol |
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KR100746455B1 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2007-08-03 | 안국약품 주식회사 | Process for the preparation of highly optical pure carvedilol |
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2001
- 2001-06-28 MX MXPA02012795A patent/MXPA02012795A/en unknown
- 2001-06-28 EP EP01950671A patent/EP1299101A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-28 CN CNB018146163A patent/CN1245974C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-28 KR KR1020087014587A patent/KR20080064908A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-28 KR KR1020027017817A patent/KR20030017569A/en active Search and Examination
- 2001-06-28 CA CA002413702A patent/CA2413702A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-28 SK SK86-2003A patent/SK862003A3/en unknown
- 2001-06-28 HU HU0301802A patent/HUP0301802A3/en unknown
- 2001-06-28 WO PCT/US2001/020760 patent/WO2002000216A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-06-28 US US09/894,798 patent/US6699997B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-28 IL IL15368801A patent/IL153688A0/en unknown
- 2001-06-28 JP JP2002504998A patent/JP2004501191A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-28 PL PL01365694A patent/PL365694A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-28 KR KR1020077030634A patent/KR20080015888A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-28 AU AU2001271639A patent/AU2001271639A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-12-19 IS IS6659A patent/IS6659A/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-01-17 HR HR20030027A patent/HRP20030027A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-01-16 US US10/758,026 patent/US7126008B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-16 US US10/758,025 patent/US7056942B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-08-31 US US11/217,643 patent/US7485663B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-15 US US12/148,070 patent/US7605274B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-01 US US12/584,205 patent/US20090326033A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20040152757A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
US7126008B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 |
PL365694A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
US20080194838A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
AU2001271639A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
US7605274B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
US6699997B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
EP1299101A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
CN1245974C (en) | 2006-03-22 |
MXPA02012795A (en) | 2004-07-30 |
KR20030017569A (en) | 2003-03-03 |
US20060030614A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
US20020143045A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
EP1299101A4 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
HUP0301802A3 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
CN1449286A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
HUP0301802A2 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
US20040225132A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
US20090326033A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
KR20080015888A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
HRP20030027A2 (en) | 2004-02-29 |
US7056942B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 |
WO2002000216A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
JP2004501191A (en) | 2004-01-15 |
SK862003A3 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
KR20080064908A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
IS6659A (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US7485663B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
IL153688A0 (en) | 2003-07-06 |
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