CA2177662C - Paint brush with co-injection molded handle and method of making same - Google Patents
Paint brush with co-injection molded handle and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2177662C CA2177662C CA002177662A CA2177662A CA2177662C CA 2177662 C CA2177662 C CA 2177662C CA 002177662 A CA002177662 A CA 002177662A CA 2177662 A CA2177662 A CA 2177662A CA 2177662 C CA2177662 C CA 2177662C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- handle
- head portion
- paint brush
- core
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 241000968591 Haemanthus albiflos Species 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000870659 Crassula perfoliata var. minor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
- B29C44/38—Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length
- B29C44/383—Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length using spreading devices mounted in the mould, in front of the feed opening
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B5/00—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware
- A46B5/02—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware specially shaped for holding by the hand
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B5/00—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware
- A46B5/02—Brush bodies; Handles integral with brushware specially shaped for holding by the hand
- A46B5/026—Grips or handles having a nonslip section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
- B29C44/0461—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities by having different chemical compositions in different places, e.g. having different concentrations of foaming agent, feeding one composition after the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
- B29C45/1642—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles having a "sandwich" structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
- B29C45/2708—Gates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
- B29C45/30—Flow control means disposed within the sprue channel, e.g. "torpedo" construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/46—Knobs or handles, push-buttons, grips
- B29L2031/463—Grips, handles
Abstract
A paint brush handle has an outer layer of a comfortable, relatively soft elastomeric material that surrounds a rigid core of foamed polyolefin. The handle is made using a co-injection process in which a mold cavity is first coated by an initial partial shot of the elastomeric material and then filled by injecting more elastomeric material and polyolefin material containing a foaming agent simultaneously. The simultaneous shot of these materials is achieved by injecting the materials through a single inlet passage into the mold cavity in which the flows are concentric, with the elastomeric material surrounding the polyolefin material. The ferrule is attached to the handle using nails or other suitable fasteners which penetrate into the rigid inner core.
Description
21776b2 PAINT BRUSH WITH CO-INJECTION MOLDED HANDLE
AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to paint brushes and specifically to paint brushes with plastic handles and to the method of making the handle.
BACRGRO OF THE I~NTTnu Paint brushes for household and commercial use have a well established form. A handle, generally of wood or plastic, has a hand grip end and a head end to which a ferrule is secured. The ferrule end is generally in the form of a rectangular solid while the grip end is generally oblong and gently rounded for an easy grip. A
ferrule to which the bristles are attached surrounds the head end of the handle, and is nailed or otherwise secured in place.
Paint brush handles should be resistant to the solvents commonly used to clean paint brushes. In addition the handle should be comfortable to grip and be able to retain securely the nails, staples, or other fasteners used to hold the ferrule in place.
BL~nRV pF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a paint brush handle which has an outer layer of a relatively soft, resilient elastomeric material and an inner core of a relatively rigid foamed polyolefin material. The handle is made by a co-injection process which results in an intimate connection between the materials of the core and outer layer.
Co-injection of the handle is accomplished in a mold with an inlet at the axial outer end of the head portion of the handle. A flow diverter is located just inside the mold cavity and directly opposite the inlet to cause the materials flowing into the cavity to move transversely so as to fill the generally rectangular head portion of the cavity before flowing lengthwise to fill the grip portion of the cavity.
The co-injection process uses an initial partial shot of the softer elastomeric outer material to form at least the skin of the outer layer. After the initial partial shot, both the polyolefin core material and the elastomeric outer material are injected simultaneously, with the core material surrounded by the outer material. The polyolefin core material contains a foaming agent to make the core material foam slightly, thus causing the core and outer materials to fill the mold, with the core material expanding and hardening to a rigid core which is covered by a resilient, cushion-like outer layer. Preferably the core is formed of foamed polypropylene while the outer layer is thermoplastic rubber. The entire outer surface of the relatively rigid foamed polyolefin core is completely coated with the much softer outer elastomeric material for a comfortable grip which is impervious to the usual paint solvents.
An aspect of the invention provides a paint brush comprising bristles, a ferrule surrounding the bristles with the bristles secured to the ferrule, a handle having a grip portion and a head portion, the head portion fitting within the ferrule, the handle portion being formed with a core of
AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to paint brushes and specifically to paint brushes with plastic handles and to the method of making the handle.
BACRGRO OF THE I~NTTnu Paint brushes for household and commercial use have a well established form. A handle, generally of wood or plastic, has a hand grip end and a head end to which a ferrule is secured. The ferrule end is generally in the form of a rectangular solid while the grip end is generally oblong and gently rounded for an easy grip. A
ferrule to which the bristles are attached surrounds the head end of the handle, and is nailed or otherwise secured in place.
Paint brush handles should be resistant to the solvents commonly used to clean paint brushes. In addition the handle should be comfortable to grip and be able to retain securely the nails, staples, or other fasteners used to hold the ferrule in place.
BL~nRV pF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a paint brush handle which has an outer layer of a relatively soft, resilient elastomeric material and an inner core of a relatively rigid foamed polyolefin material. The handle is made by a co-injection process which results in an intimate connection between the materials of the core and outer layer.
Co-injection of the handle is accomplished in a mold with an inlet at the axial outer end of the head portion of the handle. A flow diverter is located just inside the mold cavity and directly opposite the inlet to cause the materials flowing into the cavity to move transversely so as to fill the generally rectangular head portion of the cavity before flowing lengthwise to fill the grip portion of the cavity.
The co-injection process uses an initial partial shot of the softer elastomeric outer material to form at least the skin of the outer layer. After the initial partial shot, both the polyolefin core material and the elastomeric outer material are injected simultaneously, with the core material surrounded by the outer material. The polyolefin core material contains a foaming agent to make the core material foam slightly, thus causing the core and outer materials to fill the mold, with the core material expanding and hardening to a rigid core which is covered by a resilient, cushion-like outer layer. Preferably the core is formed of foamed polypropylene while the outer layer is thermoplastic rubber. The entire outer surface of the relatively rigid foamed polyolefin core is completely coated with the much softer outer elastomeric material for a comfortable grip which is impervious to the usual paint solvents.
An aspect of the invention provides a paint brush comprising bristles, a ferrule surrounding the bristles with the bristles secured to the ferrule, a handle having a grip portion and a head portion, the head portion fitting within the ferrule, the handle portion being formed with a core of
- 2 -a relatively rigid foamed polyolefin material and an outer coating of relatively soft elastomeric material, and fasteners extending through the ferrule and outer coating and into the core of the handle to secure the ferrule to the handle, the core having a width of at least approximately five-eighths of the width of the head portion for penetration by the fasteners over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a paint brush handle in a mold having a cavity defining the shape of the paint brush handle with an axially extending grip portion and a head portion, the cavity having an inlet for molding material coaxial with the axis of the handle, comprising the steps of positioning a flow diverter in the head portion of the cavity opposite the inlet, directing through the inlet and toward the diverter an initial partial shot of an elastomeric material to form a coating on the inside of the mold cavity, and thereafter simultaneously injecting more elastomeric material and a polyolefin material containing a foaming agent surrounded by the elastomeric material to fill the balance of the mold cavity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevation view of a preferred form of paint brush constructed in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross section view of the brush of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of arrows 2-2 of Fig. 1;
- 2a -Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross section view of the t brush of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of arrows 3-3 in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a perspective illustration of one half of a mold cavity for producing the brush handle for the brush of Figs. 1-3; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of both half molds looking in the direction of arrows 5-5 of Fig. 4.
DESGRTPmTON OF PREFERRED ODIME_N'~' A preferred form of paint brush 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1, and comprises a handle 12, bristles 14 and a ferrule 16 connecting the handle to the bristles. Nails 18 pass through the ferrule 16 and into the handle 12 to hold the ferrule and handle together. As is conventional, the bristles 14 are set in an adhesive 20 (Figure 3) which may bond around studs 22 which are internal to the ferrule 16, permanently securing the bristles 14 to the ferrule 16.
The handle 12 is generally T shaped, with a grip portion 26 and an enlarged head portion 28, and includes an inner core 30 and an outer layer 32 (Figs. 2 and 3).
The head portion 28 may have the shape of a slightly tapered rectangular solid so that it can be wedged inside the ferrule 16.
The inner core 30 may be made of any suitable crystalline or semi-crystalline polyolefin polymer such as natural and filled polypropylene and high density polyethylene. The polyolefin core material contains a conventional chemical foaming agent to make the core material foam slightly. In one embodiment, the
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a paint brush handle in a mold having a cavity defining the shape of the paint brush handle with an axially extending grip portion and a head portion, the cavity having an inlet for molding material coaxial with the axis of the handle, comprising the steps of positioning a flow diverter in the head portion of the cavity opposite the inlet, directing through the inlet and toward the diverter an initial partial shot of an elastomeric material to form a coating on the inside of the mold cavity, and thereafter simultaneously injecting more elastomeric material and a polyolefin material containing a foaming agent surrounded by the elastomeric material to fill the balance of the mold cavity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevation view of a preferred form of paint brush constructed in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross section view of the brush of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of arrows 2-2 of Fig. 1;
- 2a -Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross section view of the t brush of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of arrows 3-3 in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a perspective illustration of one half of a mold cavity for producing the brush handle for the brush of Figs. 1-3; and Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of both half molds looking in the direction of arrows 5-5 of Fig. 4.
DESGRTPmTON OF PREFERRED ODIME_N'~' A preferred form of paint brush 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1, and comprises a handle 12, bristles 14 and a ferrule 16 connecting the handle to the bristles. Nails 18 pass through the ferrule 16 and into the handle 12 to hold the ferrule and handle together. As is conventional, the bristles 14 are set in an adhesive 20 (Figure 3) which may bond around studs 22 which are internal to the ferrule 16, permanently securing the bristles 14 to the ferrule 16.
The handle 12 is generally T shaped, with a grip portion 26 and an enlarged head portion 28, and includes an inner core 30 and an outer layer 32 (Figs. 2 and 3).
The head portion 28 may have the shape of a slightly tapered rectangular solid so that it can be wedged inside the ferrule 16.
The inner core 30 may be made of any suitable crystalline or semi-crystalline polyolefin polymer such as natural and filled polypropylene and high density polyethylene. The polyolefin core material contains a conventional chemical foaming agent to make the core material foam slightly. In one embodiment, the
-3-polyolefin material is a polypropylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate of between approximately ten to twelve dg./min., and the foaming agent comprises between approximately 5 to 10% by volume of the polyolefin/
foaming agent mixture.
The outer layer 32 is made of a substantially softer elastomeric material such as thermoplastic rubber which gives the handle a cushioned feel, and is resistant to most solvents used in paints. Of course, it should be understood that the present invention may be practiced with other materials that provide a relatively soft, comfortable outer layer and a relatively rigid core, provided the structural features described below are achieved and the materials are compatible with the manufacturing process described.
The inner core 30 and outer layer 32 are proportioned in the region of the head portion 28 so that the nails 18 penetrate the core, rather than just the outer layer. This is necessary in order for the nails 18 to obtain a suitable purchase. Nails 18 which penetrate only the elastomeric outer layer 32 will be less likely to stay securely in place. To this end, in the head portion 28 of the handle 12 the core 30 desirably has a width of between approximately five-eighths and three-fourths of the width of the head portion 28 so that the nails 18 penetrate the core over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion. In one embodiment the width of the core 30 is approximately two-thirds of the width of the head portion.
Of course, other fasteners could be used besides nails, such as screws, staples, rivets or the like.
Regardless of the type of fastener chosen, the fasteners
foaming agent mixture.
The outer layer 32 is made of a substantially softer elastomeric material such as thermoplastic rubber which gives the handle a cushioned feel, and is resistant to most solvents used in paints. Of course, it should be understood that the present invention may be practiced with other materials that provide a relatively soft, comfortable outer layer and a relatively rigid core, provided the structural features described below are achieved and the materials are compatible with the manufacturing process described.
The inner core 30 and outer layer 32 are proportioned in the region of the head portion 28 so that the nails 18 penetrate the core, rather than just the outer layer. This is necessary in order for the nails 18 to obtain a suitable purchase. Nails 18 which penetrate only the elastomeric outer layer 32 will be less likely to stay securely in place. To this end, in the head portion 28 of the handle 12 the core 30 desirably has a width of between approximately five-eighths and three-fourths of the width of the head portion 28 so that the nails 18 penetrate the core over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion. In one embodiment the width of the core 30 is approximately two-thirds of the width of the head portion.
Of course, other fasteners could be used besides nails, such as screws, staples, rivets or the like.
Regardless of the type of fastener chosen, the fasteners
-4-securely hold the ferrule 16 in place by penetrating the inner core 30.
The handle 12 is made by a co-injection process.
Figure 4 illustrates a mold 36 which is one half of a mold pair used to make the handle 12. The mold 36 has a mold cavity 38 which when paired with another identical mold forms a cavity corresponding in shape to the shape of the brush handle 12. A portion of both half molds which comprise the entire mold 36 is schematically shown in Fig. 5.
The mold 36 includes an inlet passage 40 through which material is injected into the mold cavity 38 that is coaxial with the central axis 42 of the mold cavity 38. A flow diverter 44 is located inside the mold cavity 38 approximately one quarter inch from the adjacent end 46 of the inlet passage 40. In plan view, the flow diverter 44 has a substantially flat front surface 48, rounded ends 50 and 52, and an inwardly curved (concave) back surface 54, so that overall it is generally kidney shape. In vertical cross section the flow diverter 44 generally has the shape of a truncated pyramid so that in cross section two divertera (one in each half mold) provide an hourglass opening 60 through the head portion 28 of the handle as shown in Figure 2. The opening 60 extends between opposite major side surfaces 62 and 64 of the head portion 28 of handle 12 (Fig. 2) and extends laterally intermediate opposite end surfaces 66 and 68 (Fig. 3) approximately 30% of the distance between them.
The purpose of the flow diverter 44 (Figure 4) is to cause the molding materials to move laterally upon entering the mold to completely fill the head portion 70 of the mold cavity 38 as well as the grip portion 72 of
The handle 12 is made by a co-injection process.
Figure 4 illustrates a mold 36 which is one half of a mold pair used to make the handle 12. The mold 36 has a mold cavity 38 which when paired with another identical mold forms a cavity corresponding in shape to the shape of the brush handle 12. A portion of both half molds which comprise the entire mold 36 is schematically shown in Fig. 5.
The mold 36 includes an inlet passage 40 through which material is injected into the mold cavity 38 that is coaxial with the central axis 42 of the mold cavity 38. A flow diverter 44 is located inside the mold cavity 38 approximately one quarter inch from the adjacent end 46 of the inlet passage 40. In plan view, the flow diverter 44 has a substantially flat front surface 48, rounded ends 50 and 52, and an inwardly curved (concave) back surface 54, so that overall it is generally kidney shape. In vertical cross section the flow diverter 44 generally has the shape of a truncated pyramid so that in cross section two divertera (one in each half mold) provide an hourglass opening 60 through the head portion 28 of the handle as shown in Figure 2. The opening 60 extends between opposite major side surfaces 62 and 64 of the head portion 28 of handle 12 (Fig. 2) and extends laterally intermediate opposite end surfaces 66 and 68 (Fig. 3) approximately 30% of the distance between them.
The purpose of the flow diverter 44 (Figure 4) is to cause the molding materials to move laterally upon entering the mold to completely fill the head portion 70 of the mold cavity 38 as well as the grip portion 72 of
-5-the cavity 38. Moreover, the concave curved surface 54 of the flow diverter 44 creates a low pressure area which draws the elastomeric material around the diverter, assuring a continuous skin 32 of the elastomeric material around substantially the entire periphery of the handle.
The co-injection process involves initially injecting a partial shot o~ just the elastomeric material and thereafter injecting both the elastomeric material and a mixture of the polyolefin material and foaming agent at the same time. During the initial partial shot, the elastomeric material that enters the head portion 7D
of the cavity 38 is deflected sideways by the diverter 44 and thereafter flows axially to the grip portion 72 of the cavity. This initial material forms a thin coating or skin on the surface of the mold cavity 38 and the diverter 44, as well as on pin 76 which forma opening 78 in the distal end of handle 12. Making the mold 36 of aluminum causes rapid cooling of the elastomeric material so as to form at least the outermost skin of the outer layer 32 with the initial partial shot.
Once the initial partial shot has coated the mold cavity 38, the balance of the material is injected into the mold. This is accomplished by a co-injection process in which more elastomeric material and the polyolefin/
foaming agent mixture are simultaneously injected into the mold cavity. The simultaneous shot of these materials is achieved by injecting both materials through the inlet passage 40 into the mold cavity 38 in which the two flows are concentric, with the elastomeric material surrounding the polyolefin/foaming agent mixture.
Immediately after the polyolefin/foaming agent mixture is injected into the mold cavity, the foaming agent
The co-injection process involves initially injecting a partial shot o~ just the elastomeric material and thereafter injecting both the elastomeric material and a mixture of the polyolefin material and foaming agent at the same time. During the initial partial shot, the elastomeric material that enters the head portion 7D
of the cavity 38 is deflected sideways by the diverter 44 and thereafter flows axially to the grip portion 72 of the cavity. This initial material forms a thin coating or skin on the surface of the mold cavity 38 and the diverter 44, as well as on pin 76 which forma opening 78 in the distal end of handle 12. Making the mold 36 of aluminum causes rapid cooling of the elastomeric material so as to form at least the outermost skin of the outer layer 32 with the initial partial shot.
Once the initial partial shot has coated the mold cavity 38, the balance of the material is injected into the mold. This is accomplished by a co-injection process in which more elastomeric material and the polyolefin/
foaming agent mixture are simultaneously injected into the mold cavity. The simultaneous shot of these materials is achieved by injecting both materials through the inlet passage 40 into the mold cavity 38 in which the two flows are concentric, with the elastomeric material surrounding the polyolefin/foaming agent mixture.
Immediately after the polyolefin/foaming agent mixture is injected into the mold cavity, the foaming agent
-6-generates a gas in order to make the polyolefin material foam slightly, thus assuring proper heft to the handle 12 and that the foamed polyolefin material completely fills the volume within the outer layer 12.
The co-injection process is facilitated by a reatrictor 80. The restrictor 80 includes two restrictor members 82 which may be adjusted inward or outward relative to each other to regulate the flow through the inlet passage-40 and into the cavity 38. When operated together these two restrictor members 82 control the total flow into the cavity 38 forming an adjustable gate.
This is particularly helpful if the mold has more than one cavity 38, since it is important that each cavity receive the same amount of material. Moreover, when the reatrictor members 82 are operated independently of each other, they can control the amount of outer layer of elastomeric material injected into the respective half molds 36. In other words, by screwing reatrictor members 82 inward or outward, the thickness of the outer layer 32 of elastomeric material in the cavity 38 of each half mold 36 can be controlled, 3.e., decreased or increased as desired.
The co-injection process requires time for the materials to cool and harden before demolding. Typically the entire molding cycle lasts about seven minutes from injection through demolding. In order to make efficient use of the injection equipment, it is preferred to provide molds with a plurality of cavities each (for example four cavities) and to mount them in a aeries of such molds (for example ten molds}. In this way while one mold is being filled and another mold is being demolded, the remaining molds are being cooled.
From the foregoing, it is clear that the present invention provides a paint brush 10 (Figures 2 and 3) with a handle 12 which has a relatively rigid inner pore 32 completely coated with an outer layer 32 of a soft, resilient elastomeric-material for a comfortable grip which is impervious to the usual paint solvents. The handle 12 is made by a co-injection process which uses an initial partial shot of the softer outer elastomeric material to form at least the akin of the outer layer 32.
After the initial partial shot, both the core and outer materials are injected simultaneously, with the core material surrounded by the outer material. The two materials fill the mold, with the core material expanding and hardening to a relatively rigid core which is covered by a resilient, cushion-like outer layer.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the specification. The present invention includes all such equivalent alterations and modifications, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.
_g_
The co-injection process is facilitated by a reatrictor 80. The restrictor 80 includes two restrictor members 82 which may be adjusted inward or outward relative to each other to regulate the flow through the inlet passage-40 and into the cavity 38. When operated together these two restrictor members 82 control the total flow into the cavity 38 forming an adjustable gate.
This is particularly helpful if the mold has more than one cavity 38, since it is important that each cavity receive the same amount of material. Moreover, when the reatrictor members 82 are operated independently of each other, they can control the amount of outer layer of elastomeric material injected into the respective half molds 36. In other words, by screwing reatrictor members 82 inward or outward, the thickness of the outer layer 32 of elastomeric material in the cavity 38 of each half mold 36 can be controlled, 3.e., decreased or increased as desired.
The co-injection process requires time for the materials to cool and harden before demolding. Typically the entire molding cycle lasts about seven minutes from injection through demolding. In order to make efficient use of the injection equipment, it is preferred to provide molds with a plurality of cavities each (for example four cavities) and to mount them in a aeries of such molds (for example ten molds}. In this way while one mold is being filled and another mold is being demolded, the remaining molds are being cooled.
From the foregoing, it is clear that the present invention provides a paint brush 10 (Figures 2 and 3) with a handle 12 which has a relatively rigid inner pore 32 completely coated with an outer layer 32 of a soft, resilient elastomeric-material for a comfortable grip which is impervious to the usual paint solvents. The handle 12 is made by a co-injection process which uses an initial partial shot of the softer outer elastomeric material to form at least the akin of the outer layer 32.
After the initial partial shot, both the core and outer materials are injected simultaneously, with the core material surrounded by the outer material. The two materials fill the mold, with the core material expanding and hardening to a relatively rigid core which is covered by a resilient, cushion-like outer layer.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the specification. The present invention includes all such equivalent alterations and modifications, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.
_g_
Claims (20)
1. A paint brush comprising bristles, a ferrule surrounding the bristles with the bristles secured to the ferrule, a handle having a grip portion and a head portion, the head portion fitting within the ferrule, the handle portion being formed with a core of a relatively rigid foamed polyolefin material and an outer coating of relatively soft elastomeric material, and fasteners extending through the ferrule and outer coating and into the core of the handle to secure the ferrule to the handle, the core having a width of at least approximately five-eighths of the width of the head portion for penetration by the fasteners over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion.
2. The paint brush of claim 1 wherein the handle is formed by co-injection of the materials of the core and outer coating into a single mold.
3. The paint brush of claim 1 wherein the outer coating of the handle is formed of thermoplastic rubber.
4. The paint brush of claim 1 wherein the core of the handle is formed of foamed polypropylene.
The paint brush of claim 4 wherein the outer coating of the handle is formed of thermoplastic rubber.
6. The paint brush of claim 1 wherein the core has a width of between approximately five-eighths and three-fourths of the width of the head portion for penetration by the fasteners over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion.
7. The paint brush of claim 1 wherein the core has a width of approximately two-thirds of the width of the head portion for penetration by the fasteners over a substantial portion of the width of the head portion.
8. The paint brush of claim 2 wherein the head portion is defined by opposite major aide surfaces and opposite end surfaces which form a generally rectangular solid shape that fits inside the ferrule and having an opening through the head portion between the major side surfaces.
9. The paint brush of claim S wherein the opening through the head portion defines a plane generally normal to the axis of the grip portion and having an extent in the direction of the two end surfaces of approximately 30% of the distance between the end surfaces.
10. The paint brush of claim 8 wherein the opening through the head portion of the handle is formed by a flow diverter positioned in the mold to divert laterally an incoming flow of the materials from a path coaxial with the axis of the grip portion.
11. A method of making a paint brush handle in a mold having a cavity defining the shape of the paint brush handle with an axially extending grip portion and a head portion, the cavity having an inlet for molding material coaxial with the axis of the handle, comprising the steps of positioning a flow diverter in the head portion of the cavity opposite the inlet, directing through the inlet and toward the diverter an initial partial shot of an elastomeric material to form a coating on the inside of the mold cavity, and thereafter simultaneously injecting more elastomeric material and a polyolefin material containing a foaming agent surrounded by the elastomeric material to fill the balance of the mold cavity.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the elastomeric material comprises thermoplastic rubber.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the polyolefin material comprises polypropylene which is subsequently simultaneously injected into the mold cavity along with more of the thermoplastic rubber which surrounds the polypropylene.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow rate of between approximately ten and twelve dg./min.
15. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of controlling the flow of the materials through the inlet.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein two restrictor members extend into opposite sides of the inlet to provide for independent adjustment to control different portions of the flow of the materials through the inlet.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the mold is made of aluminum to cause rapid cooling of the coating of the elastomeric material on the inside of the mold.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein the foaming agent comprises between approximately five and ten percent by volume of the total volume of polyolefin material and foaming agent.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the head portion is defined by opposite major side surfaces and opposite end surfaces which form a generally rectangular solid, the flow diverter forming an opening through the head portion between the major side surfaces.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the opening through the head portion defines a plane generally normal to the axis of the grip portion and having an extent in the direction of the two end surfaces of approximately 30% of the distance between the end surfaces.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/516,214 US5920943A (en) | 1995-08-17 | 1995-08-17 | Paint brush with co-injection molded handle and method of making same |
US08/516,214 | 1995-08-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2177662A1 CA2177662A1 (en) | 1997-02-18 |
CA2177662C true CA2177662C (en) | 2006-03-21 |
Family
ID=24054609
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002177662A Expired - Lifetime CA2177662C (en) | 1995-08-17 | 1996-05-29 | Paint brush with co-injection molded handle and method of making same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5920943A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2177662C (en) |
MX (1) | MX9602815A (en) |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2182235C (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 2006-02-28 | William W. Barton | Brush with improved grip construction and method of manufacture thereof |
IT1295288B1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-05-04 | John Palmer Corp | PROCEDURE FOR CREATING A MULTI-COLOR HANDLE FOR BRUSHES AND MULTI-COLOR HANDLE FOR BRUSHES |
US6408474B1 (en) | 1999-08-12 | 2002-06-25 | The Wooster Brush Company | Paint brush with two component brush handle and method of making same |
CA2299970C (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-10-04 | Louis Panfili | A double molding process whereby a sign is produced on a product while said product is molded |
CA2343475A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-09-30 | Newell Operating Company | Easy grip paint applicator |
US6749788B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2004-06-15 | The Gillette Company | Method and apparatus for making a shaving razor handle |
WO2003009724A1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-06 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Structure of handgrip and method for fabricating the same |
US7540844B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2009-06-02 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Cell scraper |
US7235200B2 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2007-06-26 | Lear Corporation | Foamed core process for large cross-sections of grab handles |
DE202004015133U1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2004-11-25 | C. Hilzinger-Thum Schleif- Und Poliermittelwerk Gmbh | brush |
US20060261191A1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-23 | Tsung-Chieh Chang | Shower head assembly |
US20060248669A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2006-11-09 | Royal Brush Manufacturing, Inc. | Paint brush |
GB0521177D0 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2005-11-23 | Harris L G & Co Ltd | Handle for a paint brush |
AT8374U1 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2006-07-15 | Komperdell Sportartikel Gmbh | PART TO BE DETERMINED BY THE HAND AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THEM |
KR100820076B1 (en) * | 2007-01-28 | 2008-04-07 | (주)씨피아이케이알 | Mascara brush |
US7913348B2 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2011-03-29 | Proform Technologies, Inc. | Paint brush with increased ferrule paint reservoir |
US8171594B2 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2012-05-08 | Proform Technologies, Inc. | Paint brush with protective polymer coating |
US8091172B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2012-01-10 | Proform Technologies, Inc. | Paint brush with reinforced ferrule construction |
US9566602B2 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2017-02-14 | Anna MacCormick | Stain and painting tool |
FR2936728B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2010-12-10 | Nespoli Engineering Kereskedelmi Korlatolt Fedelossegu Tarsagag Kft | HANDLE FOR MANUAL TOOL AND TOOL SO EQUIPPED |
US8927083B2 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2015-01-06 | Mack Molding Company | Handle and method of fabricating a handle for a medical device |
USD667716S1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-09-25 | Matthew Page | Tool handle |
MX2014010081A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-03-10 | Procter & Gamble | High thermal conductivity co-injection molding system. |
US9155381B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2015-10-13 | Easy Pro Products, Llc | Guides for painting |
CN104768420B (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2016-11-16 | 吉列公司 | Including toothbrush of elastomer cleaning elements with relatively duroplasts overmolding and preparation method thereof |
JP2017524498A (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2017-08-31 | モダン パッケージング エルエルシー | Overmolded cutlery products |
USD741606S1 (en) | 2015-04-09 | 2015-10-27 | Work Tools International, Inc. | Silicone-handled paintbrush |
US10111786B2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2018-10-30 | First Quality Hygienic, Inc. | Tampon applicator including beveled portion |
US10112329B2 (en) | 2015-11-02 | 2018-10-30 | Modern Packaging Llc | Overmolded disposable cutlery articles |
US20170311709A1 (en) * | 2016-05-01 | 2017-11-02 | David McInerney | Paint brush with clip attachment |
DE102018115291A1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh | Method of manufacturing a composite part |
USD1019158S1 (en) | 2022-06-22 | 2024-03-26 | The Wooster Brush Company | Paint brush with integrated grip pad |
Family Cites Families (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2202292A (en) * | 1934-06-09 | 1940-05-28 | Edward T Howard | Brush |
US2075570A (en) * | 1935-02-27 | 1937-03-30 | Sanford Mfg Co | Brush and method of making same |
US2155004A (en) * | 1937-09-22 | 1939-04-18 | Mary M Blossom | Brush |
US2426315A (en) * | 1943-09-25 | 1947-08-26 | Us Rubber Co | Static free brush |
US2417750A (en) * | 1943-10-14 | 1947-03-18 | Elisha W Hall | Brush and art of making same |
US2508799A (en) * | 1944-12-28 | 1950-05-23 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Paintbrush and synthetic bristles for the same |
US2664582A (en) * | 1949-11-21 | 1954-01-05 | Morris H Kammann | Flexible handle paintbrush |
US2701379A (en) * | 1951-11-01 | 1955-02-08 | Mildred D Balistreri | Handle grip |
BE538645A (en) * | 1954-06-09 | |||
US2854684A (en) * | 1954-11-04 | 1958-10-07 | H V Hardman Company Inc | Plastic brush |
US2914785A (en) * | 1955-10-07 | 1959-12-01 | Chipman P Ela | Handle for paint brushes and the like |
US2871899A (en) * | 1958-04-16 | 1959-02-03 | Bridgeport Hardware Mfg Corp | Tool handles |
US3172141A (en) * | 1960-03-28 | 1965-03-09 | Baker Brush Co Inc | Brush construction |
US3825637A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1974-07-23 | Ici Ltd | Injection molding of foam cored sandwich structures |
US3873656A (en) * | 1967-12-15 | 1975-03-25 | Ici Ltd | Production of laminar articles |
US3819779A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1974-06-25 | Painter Corp E Z | Paint brushes and handles prepared from integral-skin polyurethane foam |
US4014966A (en) * | 1972-09-06 | 1977-03-29 | Robert Hanning | Method for injection molding a composite foamed body having a foamed core and a continuous surface layer |
US4035466A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1977-07-12 | Erhard Langecker | Method for central injection molding |
CH566207A5 (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1975-09-15 | Siemag Siegener Masch Bau | |
US3831218A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1974-08-27 | R Kaplan | Brush construction |
DE2342794C3 (en) * | 1973-08-24 | 1981-09-17 | Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Method and device for the discontinuous production of multilayer molded parts from thermoplastic material |
US4129635A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1978-12-12 | Asahi-Dow Limited | Method for producing foamed moldings from synthetic resin materials |
US3996330A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-12-07 | Vistron Corporation | Method of making a molded brush back |
US3972528A (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1976-08-03 | Pepsico Inc. | Baseball bat grip |
US4124308A (en) * | 1977-06-21 | 1978-11-07 | Beloit Corporation | Sequential co-injection unit adapted for structural foam molding |
DE2852367A1 (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1980-06-26 | Gerhard Poschmann | Low cost paint brush - with bristles cemented by adhesive to plastics foam handle |
US4263691A (en) * | 1979-03-07 | 1981-04-28 | Seree Pakarnseree | Brush |
US4452289A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1984-06-05 | Fiskars Manufacturing Corporation | Combination hand grip and bits storage |
US4609516A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1986-09-02 | Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. | Method of forming laminated preforms |
FR2579128B3 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1987-07-10 | Cibie Projecteurs | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A REFLECTOR FOR A PROJECTOR, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, BY MOLDING-TWO-MATERIAL INJECTION; MOLD FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS AND PRODUCT OBTAINED |
JPS62119730A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1987-06-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic disk |
US4751762A (en) * | 1987-08-14 | 1988-06-21 | Angelo Meimeteas | Paint brush cover |
JPH047930Y2 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1992-02-28 | ||
US5049344A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1991-09-17 | Primtec | Method for reducing required mold-cavity clamping force and controlling injection-molded-product wall thickness |
JPH02147215A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-06 | Ikeda Bussan Co Ltd | Foam molding tool of monolithic foam of skin material |
JPH02167711A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-06-28 | Ikeda Bussan Co Ltd | Foaming molding die of foaming material integrated with skin material |
US5045268A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-09-03 | Sorensen Jens Ole | Cross-lamination injection molding |
US5107590A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-04-28 | Warner-Lambert Company | Razor handle |
JP2884455B2 (en) * | 1991-12-27 | 1999-04-19 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | Hollow injection molding method and pressurized fluid press-in / discharge device used therefor |
GB2274615A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-08-03 | Moss Prod Pty Ltd | Moulded plastic handle and method of its manufacture |
US5390572A (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-21 | Vermont American Corporation | Tool with immproved impact and torque capabilities and having ergonomic handle |
US5500173A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-03-19 | Basf Corporation | Method of making molded muticomponent articles using a thin plate flow distributor |
US5683731A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-11-04 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Melt flow redistributor |
-
1995
- 1995-08-17 US US08/516,214 patent/US5920943A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-29 CA CA002177662A patent/CA2177662C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-17 MX MX9602815A patent/MX9602815A/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-06-13 US US08/874,179 patent/US5800751A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5920943A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
US5800751A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
MX9602815A (en) | 1997-06-28 |
CA2177662A1 (en) | 1997-02-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2177662C (en) | Paint brush with co-injection molded handle and method of making same | |
US20200383460A1 (en) | Oral Care Implement Having Multi-Component Handle | |
US10835026B2 (en) | Oral care implement | |
US8485611B2 (en) | Cleaning implement | |
KR20030040544A (en) | Method and apparatus for making a shaving razor handle | |
KR20030011927A (en) | Method and device for producing bristle products and bristle products | |
EP3237170B1 (en) | System and method for forming an oral care implement | |
AU2014203619A1 (en) | Oral care implement having a multi-component handle | |
US11819114B2 (en) | Oral care implement | |
US20100102479A1 (en) | Compression mold and molding process | |
DE4319257C2 (en) | Hairbrush and process for its manufacture | |
US20060160641A1 (en) | Table tennis racket | |
SK83999A3 (en) | A grooming implement | |
RU96115465A (en) | BRUSH AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING (OPTIONS) | |
US3819779A (en) | Paint brushes and handles prepared from integral-skin polyurethane foam | |
US4541629A (en) | Plastic baseball bat and method of making the same | |
US20050050662A1 (en) | Multi-color brush handle | |
JPH01233132A (en) | Globe box and manufacture thereof | |
US20200406113A1 (en) | Flexible grip with intermediate member | |
AU2017330320B2 (en) | Oral care implement or head plate therefor and method of forming the same | |
JPS5923224B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of injection racket | |
EP1228500B1 (en) | Drumsticks made from liquid crystalline polymer | |
WO2023178214A1 (en) | Injection molded ski | |
JP2002360751A (en) | Bat made of frp and its manufacturing method | |
JPH0976294A (en) | Nozzle for sandwich molding |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20160530 |