CA2166959A1 - Epidural catheter - Google Patents
Epidural catheterInfo
- Publication number
- CA2166959A1 CA2166959A1 CA002166959A CA2166959A CA2166959A1 CA 2166959 A1 CA2166959 A1 CA 2166959A1 CA 002166959 A CA002166959 A CA 002166959A CA 2166959 A CA2166959 A CA 2166959A CA 2166959 A1 CA2166959 A1 CA 2166959A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- patient end
- coil
- epidural
- needle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001949 anaesthesia Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004749 ligamentum flavum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000002330 subarachnoid space Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010007821 cauda equina syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
- A61B17/3401—Puncturing needles for the peridural or subarachnoid space or the plexus, e.g. for anaesthesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M25/0041—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing pre-formed, e.g. specially adapted to fit with the anatomy of body channels
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
Abstract
Epidural catheter with a closed patient end and side openings are known. In the present invention, the catheter forms a coil in its natural state, either in the plane of the length of the catheter or helically, so that, when inserted in the epidural space, there is sufficient length projecting into the space to ensure adequate retention but still ensuring that anaesthetic fluid emerges close to the point of insertion.
Description
~ 1 66~9 EPIDURAL CAlHLl~;K
Back~round of the Invention This invention relates to epidural catheters.
Epidural catheters are used to introduce anaesthetic fluid into the epidural space. The effectiveness of the anaesthesia block produced is dependent ~on the anaesthetic being administered in the correct location. Conventional epidural catheters are straight and flexible.
They are usually closed at the tip and have several side openings through which fluid can emerge from the catheter. It has been found that, if the tip of the catheter is inserted more than about 10-20mm into the epidural space, the tip seldom remains in the desired location near the site of insertion.but passes into the lateral or anterior parts of the epidural space. It is thought that this may sometimes be the reason why epidural anaesthesia occasionally produces imperfect blocks. Some anaesthetists prefer to leave a shorter length of catheter projecting into the epidural space, to reduce the risk of the tip of the catheter moving away from the insertion site. However, if insufficient length of catheter projects into the epidural space, movement between the skin and ligamentum flavum can pull the catheter out of the epidural space and result in injection of anaesthetic outside the epidural space.
Brief Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved epidural catheter.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an epidural catheter having a patient end that forms into a coil in its natural state.
In this way, sufficient length of c~thet~ can be inserted into the epidural space to ensure that it is not pulled out by movement between the skin and ligamentum flavum and yet the holes through which the anaesthetic fluid emerges can be kept in the region of the insertion site.
216~9~9
Back~round of the Invention This invention relates to epidural catheters.
Epidural catheters are used to introduce anaesthetic fluid into the epidural space. The effectiveness of the anaesthesia block produced is dependent ~on the anaesthetic being administered in the correct location. Conventional epidural catheters are straight and flexible.
They are usually closed at the tip and have several side openings through which fluid can emerge from the catheter. It has been found that, if the tip of the catheter is inserted more than about 10-20mm into the epidural space, the tip seldom remains in the desired location near the site of insertion.but passes into the lateral or anterior parts of the epidural space. It is thought that this may sometimes be the reason why epidural anaesthesia occasionally produces imperfect blocks. Some anaesthetists prefer to leave a shorter length of catheter projecting into the epidural space, to reduce the risk of the tip of the catheter moving away from the insertion site. However, if insufficient length of catheter projects into the epidural space, movement between the skin and ligamentum flavum can pull the catheter out of the epidural space and result in injection of anaesthetic outside the epidural space.
Brief Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved epidural catheter.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an epidural catheter having a patient end that forms into a coil in its natural state.
In this way, sufficient length of c~thet~ can be inserted into the epidural space to ensure that it is not pulled out by movement between the skin and ligamentum flavum and yet the holes through which the anaesthetic fluid emerges can be kept in the region of the insertion site.
216~9~9
- 2 -The coil preferably lies in the plane of the catheter and is formed by a region about 50mm long at the patient end of the catheter, giving the coil a diameter of about 1 Omm.
Alternatively, the coil may be helical. The patient end of the catheter is preferably closed and rounded, the catheter having at least one side opening close to its patient end. The catheter may have a plurality of openings spaced along a region about 4mm long. The catheter preferably has a diameter of about lmm.
It has previously been proposed in EP-A-497285 to coil the tip of a fine 30G spinal catheter introduced into the subarachnoid space in order to ease insertion by re~ cing obstruction by the anterior wall of the subarachnoid space. Also, this reduces the risk of the tip of the catheter passing caudally and causing cauda equina syndrome. No one, however, has previously addressed the problem of epidural catheters in the same way. Epidural catheters differ from spinal catheters in that they are generally of larger diameter and are designed for insertion into the epidural space, in which their direction of passage is determined by surrounding tissues, especially fat and veins. By contrast, the sub-arachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and nerve roots which, with the anterior wall of the space are the only significant factors influencing the direction taken by the spinal catheter. The considerations involved in the design of spinal and epidural catheters are, therefore, quite di~elellL.
Two epidural catheters in accordance with the present invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`:
Brief Description of the Drawin~s Figure 1 is a side elevation view of a first c~thet~r;
Figure 2 is an enlarged side elevation view of the patient end of the catheter just prior to insertion;
- 2~66959
Alternatively, the coil may be helical. The patient end of the catheter is preferably closed and rounded, the catheter having at least one side opening close to its patient end. The catheter may have a plurality of openings spaced along a region about 4mm long. The catheter preferably has a diameter of about lmm.
It has previously been proposed in EP-A-497285 to coil the tip of a fine 30G spinal catheter introduced into the subarachnoid space in order to ease insertion by re~ cing obstruction by the anterior wall of the subarachnoid space. Also, this reduces the risk of the tip of the catheter passing caudally and causing cauda equina syndrome. No one, however, has previously addressed the problem of epidural catheters in the same way. Epidural catheters differ from spinal catheters in that they are generally of larger diameter and are designed for insertion into the epidural space, in which their direction of passage is determined by surrounding tissues, especially fat and veins. By contrast, the sub-arachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and nerve roots which, with the anterior wall of the space are the only significant factors influencing the direction taken by the spinal catheter. The considerations involved in the design of spinal and epidural catheters are, therefore, quite di~elellL.
Two epidural catheters in accordance with the present invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`:
Brief Description of the Drawin~s Figure 1 is a side elevation view of a first c~thet~r;
Figure 2 is an enlarged side elevation view of the patient end of the catheter just prior to insertion;
- 2~66959
- 3 -Figures 3A illustrate schematically three steps in the insertion to 3C ofthe catheter;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative catheter; and Figures 5A illustrate schematically three steps in the insertion of the alternative to SC catheter.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments With reference to Figure 1, the epidural catheter comprises a tube 1 of a flexible plastics material, such as nylon. The tube is about 915mm long and is circular in section, with an external diameter of lmm and an internal diameter of 0.58mm. Along the major part of its length, the tube~is substantially straight. The machine end 2 of the catheter is square, plain and open, enabling it to be joined to any conventional epidural connector.
The patient end 3 of the catheter has a smoothly rounded, closed tip 4 and, in its natural state, forms a coil 5 in the plane of the straight part of the catheter. The coil 5 is about lOmm in external diameter and is formed from a single turn ofthe catheter along a region about 50mm long. The catheter has three openings 6 spaced from one another along a region 4mm long extending from the patient end 3 of the coil 5. The openings 6 are distributed around the circumference of the catheter.
In use, a conventional, hollow epidural needle 10 is inserted into the epidural space 11 in the usual way, as shown in Figure 3A. The needle 10 is preferably one that has a straight shaft of Tuohy design so that the catheter emerges axially of the needle. When the needle 10 is correctly located, a plastic sleeve 12 is slid along the catheter 1 from its machine end 2 until it reaches the coiled region at the patient end 3. The coil 5 is straightened, as shown in Figure 2, by sliding the sleeve 12 forwardly until the tip of the catheter is flush with the patient end of the sleeve. The projecting patient end of the catheter 1 is now subst~nsi~lly straight, enabling it to be inserted into the rear end of the needle 10. The diameter of the sleeve 12 is such that it cannot enter the needle. The catheter 1 is pushed into the needle 10 by a measured distance, as indicated by markings 13 on the catheter, so that the catheter emerges from the tip of the needle by a distance of about 40-50mm. As the catheter emerges from the needle 10, it resumes its natural, coiled state, as shown in Figure 3B. The needle 10 is then withdrawn, leaving the catheter in position.
After removal of the needle 10, the anterior wall of the epidural space can relax, fl~ttening the coil 5 against the ligamentum flavum 16. The machine end 2 of the catheter 1 is connected to a conventional epidural catheter connector 14, in the usual way, as shown in Figure 3C so that anaesthetic fluid can be supplied to the catheter, such as via a syringe. The length of the catheter left projecting into the epidural space 11 is between 40-50mm, which is sufficient to ensure that any movement between the skin 15 and the lig~m~n~lm flavum 16 will not pull the catheter out of the epidural space 11. The length of catheter left projecting into the epidural space is also chosen such that only the coiled part 5 of the catheter remains in the epidural space The coiled configuration of the catheter ensures that anaesthetic fluid always emerges into the epidural space 11 close to the insertion site, where it is most effective.
In the arrangement described above, the natural state of coil is in the same plane as the major part of the length of the catheter. The coil could, however, be formed in a di~l ~llL plane, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. In this arrangement, the natural shape of the coil 5' is shown in Fig~ure 4 to be a tapering helix formed by the catheter taking a spiral path that increases progressively in radius towards the patient end of the catheter, with the axis along the centre of the helix being aligned with the rear part ofthe catheter. A~er removal of the needle 10', the anterior wall of the epidural space bears on the patient end of the catheter and compresses it against the ligamentum flavum 16 so that the coil 5' is flattened in a plane at right angles to the major part of the length of the catheter, as shown in Figure 5C. This configuration may be more likely to lie flat in the epidural space under the fl~ttçning action of the epidural tissues. The ~166959 previously-described configuration may be more likely to twist and hold the epidural space open.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative catheter; and Figures 5A illustrate schematically three steps in the insertion of the alternative to SC catheter.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments With reference to Figure 1, the epidural catheter comprises a tube 1 of a flexible plastics material, such as nylon. The tube is about 915mm long and is circular in section, with an external diameter of lmm and an internal diameter of 0.58mm. Along the major part of its length, the tube~is substantially straight. The machine end 2 of the catheter is square, plain and open, enabling it to be joined to any conventional epidural connector.
The patient end 3 of the catheter has a smoothly rounded, closed tip 4 and, in its natural state, forms a coil 5 in the plane of the straight part of the catheter. The coil 5 is about lOmm in external diameter and is formed from a single turn ofthe catheter along a region about 50mm long. The catheter has three openings 6 spaced from one another along a region 4mm long extending from the patient end 3 of the coil 5. The openings 6 are distributed around the circumference of the catheter.
In use, a conventional, hollow epidural needle 10 is inserted into the epidural space 11 in the usual way, as shown in Figure 3A. The needle 10 is preferably one that has a straight shaft of Tuohy design so that the catheter emerges axially of the needle. When the needle 10 is correctly located, a plastic sleeve 12 is slid along the catheter 1 from its machine end 2 until it reaches the coiled region at the patient end 3. The coil 5 is straightened, as shown in Figure 2, by sliding the sleeve 12 forwardly until the tip of the catheter is flush with the patient end of the sleeve. The projecting patient end of the catheter 1 is now subst~nsi~lly straight, enabling it to be inserted into the rear end of the needle 10. The diameter of the sleeve 12 is such that it cannot enter the needle. The catheter 1 is pushed into the needle 10 by a measured distance, as indicated by markings 13 on the catheter, so that the catheter emerges from the tip of the needle by a distance of about 40-50mm. As the catheter emerges from the needle 10, it resumes its natural, coiled state, as shown in Figure 3B. The needle 10 is then withdrawn, leaving the catheter in position.
After removal of the needle 10, the anterior wall of the epidural space can relax, fl~ttening the coil 5 against the ligamentum flavum 16. The machine end 2 of the catheter 1 is connected to a conventional epidural catheter connector 14, in the usual way, as shown in Figure 3C so that anaesthetic fluid can be supplied to the catheter, such as via a syringe. The length of the catheter left projecting into the epidural space 11 is between 40-50mm, which is sufficient to ensure that any movement between the skin 15 and the lig~m~n~lm flavum 16 will not pull the catheter out of the epidural space 11. The length of catheter left projecting into the epidural space is also chosen such that only the coiled part 5 of the catheter remains in the epidural space The coiled configuration of the catheter ensures that anaesthetic fluid always emerges into the epidural space 11 close to the insertion site, where it is most effective.
In the arrangement described above, the natural state of coil is in the same plane as the major part of the length of the catheter. The coil could, however, be formed in a di~l ~llL plane, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. In this arrangement, the natural shape of the coil 5' is shown in Fig~ure 4 to be a tapering helix formed by the catheter taking a spiral path that increases progressively in radius towards the patient end of the catheter, with the axis along the centre of the helix being aligned with the rear part ofthe catheter. A~er removal of the needle 10', the anterior wall of the epidural space bears on the patient end of the catheter and compresses it against the ligamentum flavum 16 so that the coil 5' is flattened in a plane at right angles to the major part of the length of the catheter, as shown in Figure 5C. This configuration may be more likely to lie flat in the epidural space under the fl~ttçning action of the epidural tissues. The ~166959 previously-described configuration may be more likely to twist and hold the epidural space open.
Claims (11)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An epidural catheter comprising a tube with a patient end and wherein said patient end forms into a coil in its natural state.
2. A catheter according to Claim 1, wherein said coil lies in a plane including the length of the catheter.
3. A catheter according to Claim 1, wherein said coil is formed by a region about 50mm long at said patient end of the catheter.
4. A catheter according to Claim 1, wherein said catheter has a diameter of about 10 mm.
A catheter according to Claim 1, wherein said coil is helical.
6. A catheter according to Claim 1, wherein said patient end of the catheter is closed and rounded, and wherein said catheter has at least one side opening close to said patient end.
7. A catheter according to Claim 6, wherein said catheter has a plurality of openings close to its patient end, and wherein said openings are spaced along a region about 4 mm long.
8. A catheter according to any Claim 1, wherein said catheter has an external diameter of about 1mm.
9. An epidural catheter comprising a tube with a patient end, wherein said patient end is closed and rounded, wherein said patient end forms into a coil in a plane including the length of the catheter in its natural state, and wherein the catheter has a plurality of side openings at said patient end along said coil.
10. An epidural catheter comprising a tube with a patient end, wherein said patient end is closed and rounded, wherein said patient end forms into a helical coil in its natural state, and wherein the catheter has a plurality of side openings at said patient end along said coil.
11. A method of performing epidural anaesthesia comprising the steps of: introducing a hollow needle having a tip so that said tip is located in the epidural space, providing a catheter of a kind having a patient end that forms into a coil in its natural state, straightening said patient end and inserting it into the catheter until its patient end emerges from the patient end of the needle and forms a coil within the epidural space, removing said needle, and introducing anaesthetic fluid into the epidural space via the catheter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9501424 | 1995-01-25 | ||
| GBGB9501424.7A GB9501424D0 (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1995-01-25 | Epidural catheter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2166959A1 true CA2166959A1 (en) | 1996-07-26 |
Family
ID=10768530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002166959A Abandoned CA2166959A1 (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1996-01-10 | Epidural catheter |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5591132A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0728495A3 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4066895A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2166959A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB9501424D0 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL116529A0 (en) |
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| US7311698B2 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2007-12-25 | Coloplast A/S | Urinary catheter assembly allowing for non-contaminated insertion of the catheter into a urinary canal |
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| US5221269A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1993-06-22 | Cook Incorporated | Guide for localizing a nonpalpable breast lesion |
| US5100390A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-03-31 | Norma A. Lubeck | Lubeck spinal catheter needle |
| US5163928A (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1992-11-17 | Franklin Electronic Publishers, Incorporated | Self-centering catheter |
| JPH0630205Y2 (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1994-08-17 | 方希 百合野 | Continuous local anesthesia set |
| DE9111097U1 (en) * | 1991-09-07 | 1993-01-14 | Haindl, Hans, Dr.Med., 3015 Wennigsen, De | |
| NL9300231A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-09-01 | Cordis Europ | Angiography catheter. |
-
1995
- 1995-01-25 GB GBGB9501424.7A patent/GB9501424D0/en active Pending
- 1995-12-14 GB GB9525515A patent/GB2297259B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-14 EP EP95309105A patent/EP0728495A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-22 US US08/577,019 patent/US5591132A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-22 IL IL11652995A patent/IL116529A0/en unknown
- 1995-12-22 AU AU40668/95A patent/AU4066895A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1996
- 1996-01-10 CA CA002166959A patent/CA2166959A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL116529A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| AU4066895A (en) | 1996-08-01 |
| GB2297259A (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| US5591132A (en) | 1997-01-07 |
| GB2297259B (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| GB9501424D0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| EP0728495A3 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| GB9525515D0 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
| EP0728495A2 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |