CA2151341C - Mold clamping and precure of a polymerizable hydrogel - Google Patents
Mold clamping and precure of a polymerizable hydrogel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2151341C CA2151341C CA002151341A CA2151341A CA2151341C CA 2151341 C CA2151341 C CA 2151341C CA 002151341 A CA002151341 A CA 002151341A CA 2151341 A CA2151341 A CA 2151341A CA 2151341 C CA2151341 C CA 2151341C
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- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- monomer mixture
- polymerizable monomer
- partially curing
- mold
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00038—Production of contact lenses
- B29D11/00125—Auxiliary operations, e.g. removing oxygen from the mould, conveying moulds from a storage to the production line in an inert atmosphere
- B29D11/00134—Curing of the contact lens material
- B29D11/00144—Curing of the contact lens material wherein the lens material is not fully polymerized, e.g. by leaving an unpolymerized volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/0011—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor thin-walled moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/20—Opening, closing or clamping
- B29C33/202—Clamping means operating on closed or nearly closed mould parts, the clamping means being independently movable of the opening or closing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0888—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using transparant moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00038—Production of contact lenses
- B29D11/00125—Auxiliary operations, e.g. removing oxygen from the mould, conveying moulds from a storage to the production line in an inert atmosphere
- B29D11/00134—Curing of the contact lens material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C2037/90—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0002—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped monomers or prepolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
- B29L2011/0016—Lenses
- B29L2011/0041—Contact lenses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
- Y10S425/808—Lens mold
Abstract
An apparatus and method for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens includes a transport device for transporting a plurality of contact lens molds to a precure station in a low oxygen environment, each contact lens mold including a first and second mold half with a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween. A clamping member clamps a first contact lens mold half against a second contact lens mold half for a predetermined pressure and time. While the mold halves of the contact lens mold are clamped, the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture is exposed to a radiant energy source for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture contained in each contact lens mold.
Description
MOLD CLAMPING AND PRECURE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for molding soft contact lenses, and particularly an apparatus and method for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture under pressure to form a soft contact lens.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for molding soft contact lenses, and particularly an apparatus and method for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture under pressure to form a soft contact lens.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art.
U.S. Patent 4,495,313 to Larsen, now assigned to the assignee of the present application, discloses the polymerization of a monomer to form a soft contact lens by means of ultraviolet light. In addition, this reference also teaches that an ultraviolet light catalyst can be added to the polymerization system to effect an essentially complete polymerization.
U.S. Patent 5,039,459 to Kindt-Larsen et al.
entitled "Method of Forming Shaped Hydrogel Articles Including Contact Lenses" teaches the polymerization of soft contact lenses wherein the monomer/diluent mixture in a transparent polystyrene mold is exposed on one side to 1.7 jewels/centimeter squared of ultraviolet radiation for ten minutes at 55 C (TL 09 lamps with peak radiation at 350 nm).
In addition to these two references, U.S.
Patents 4,565,348; 4,680,336; 4,640,489 and 5,080,839 all disclose the polymerization of a monomer with ultraviolet light to form a soft contact lens.
SUMMARY OF T'HE INVENTION
The present invention is an apparatus and a method for precuring a polymerizable monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens in a mold which enables a more uniform cure for the lens during the cure step, and which reduces "puddling" or cavitation of the lens in the mold during cure.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the apparatus comprising: a clamping member for clamping a first contact lens mold half against a second contact lens mold half at a precure station for a predetermined pressure and time, the first and second mold halves having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween; a radiant energy source for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture while the first and second halves are clamped together, wherein the radiant energy source is movable from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture; and a frame for moving the radiant energy source from the first transport position to the second exposure position.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the method comprising: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween;
clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure; moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and exposing the monomer or -2a-monomer mixture to the radiation source to polymerize the monomer to a partially cured state.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the method comprising: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween; clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and exposing the monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize the monomer to a cured state.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, using an apparatus comprising: a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds through a precure station, each of the contact lens molds having first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer therebetween; a clamping member for clamping the first mold half against the second mold half for a predetermined pressure and time; a radiant energy source for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer while the first and second halves are clamped together; and a control circuit for setting the predetermined pressure and time.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a contact lens, the method comprising the steps of: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween, each of the mold halves having an annular flange; clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure with the annular flanges of the mold halves substantially parallel; moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; exposing the monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize the monomer to a partially cured state to seal the mold halves together, in alignment, for a subsequent cure step.
-2b-In accordance with the present invention, suitably a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture is deposited in a lens mold having first concave and second convex mold halves. The mold halves are formed of polystyrene or other material transparent to actinic or visible radiation. The mold halves are transported from the deposition and mold assembly station to the precure station of the present invention, and clamped together under predetermined pressure for a predetermined period of time which may be done in a low oxygen environment. The second or convex mold half may be slightly thinner than the first or concave mold half to enable mold compliance during cure as the monomer is polymerized. The clamping pressure aligns flanges formed on the first and second mold halves to ensure that the flanges are parallel and that the respective curves of the molds are aligned. The clamping pressure also seats the second convex mold half against an annular edge formed on the first mold half to essentially sever any excess monomer from the monomer contained within the mold.
After a predetermined clamping period, the hydrogel is exposed to actinic or visible radiation, such as a UV light source, to partially cure the hydrogel to a gel state.
After a second predetermined period of Z1a1341 -~-exposure under clamping pressure, the clamping action and 1 the UV radiation may be removed, and the partially precured hydrogel lens is transported in the mold to a curing station for complete polymerization and cure.
Alternately, a complete cure may be effected in the apparatus.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel means for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
The means includes a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds to the precure station in a low oxygen environment. The contact lens molds include first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween.
The means also include a plurality of means for clamping the first mold half to the second mold half for a predetermined period of time in a low oxygen environment.
The polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture is then exposed to actinic radiation for a predetermined period of time while it is under pressure to partially or completely cure the monomer or monomer mixture.
The clamping pressure may be applied by an annular air cylinder, spring driven annular cylinder, or physical weights which allows actinic radiation to pass through the annulus of the cylinder and through one or more of the mold halves and into the monomer or monomer mixture. The means may include a means for controlling the duration and intensity of the clamping pressure, and the duration and intensity of the actinic radiation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel method of precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
The method includes a step of depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having first concave and second convex mold halves with the monomer therebetween. The mold halves are then clamped 1 together with a predetermined pressure and then exposed to radiation to partially polymerize the monomer to a precured gel-like state. The clamping pressure is then relieved and the lens is then cured with additional radiation or a combination of heat and radiation.
In the preferred embodiment the radiation source may be actinic, electron beam or radioactive source, but preferably is an ultraviolet lamp which irradiates the monomer at 2-4 mW/cm2 for 5-60 seconds, but preferably 20-40 seconds. Radiation may also be from a high intensity UV source that is pulsed or cycled.
The clamping step aligns the mold halves, causes excess monomer to be removed from the mold cavity, and seats a compliant second mold half against a first mold half for the precure step.
It is an object of the present invention to Frecure i- p,)lymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to a gel-like state wherein polymerization has been initiated throughout the monomer, and utilize the shrinkage of the monomer and the compliance of the mold halves to seal and hold the mold halves together for the remainder of the cure period.
It is another object of the present invention to precure the hydrogel in a low oxygen environment to prevent undesired absorption of oxygen by the monomer.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an adjustable means for varying the clamping pressure during the precure step.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a reciprocating means for positioning the actinic light source at an exposure position, and then retracting the light source to a second position for transport of the lens molds.
2 1a1341 = ~ -5-It is further an object of the present invention 1 to provide an alternate reciprocating means for positioning the lens molds against the light source for exposure, and retracting the molds to a second position for transport.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture may be more readily understood by one skilled in the art with reference to the following detailed description of the two preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures wherein like elements are designated by identical reference numerals throughout the several views.
Figure 1 is a partially cut away elevation view of one of the embod'.;nents for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic and schematic illustration of one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 is a plan view of a carrier used to transport a plurality of contact lens molds having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween to and from the precure station.
Figure 4(a) is a diagrammatic and cross-sectional view of a pair of mold halves in the pallet carrier of Figure 4.
Figure 5a is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment of the present invention which uses an air driven clamp for clamping the mold halves together.
Figure 5b is a diagrammatic illustration of a 1 second embodiment of the present invention which uses a spring driven clamp for clamping the mold halves together.
Figure 6 is a plan view of a reciprocating portion of the apparatus for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a contact lens.
Figure 7 is an elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an end elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 9 is an elevational end view of a second embodiment of the present invention used to precure a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
Figure 10 is an elevational side view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is useful in a process for forming soft contact lenses from a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture. The soft contact lenses are formed in a mold assembly having a first concave and a second convex mold half. As illustrated in Figure 4a, the mold halves are formed of polystyrene transparent to visible and ultraviolet light, with a central curved section defining a concave surface 31, a convex surface 33 and circular circumferential edge 31(c), and integral with said edge an annular essentially uniplanar flange 31(a). At least a part of the concave surface 31 and the convex surface 33 have the dimensions of the front or back curves, respectively of a contact lens to be produced in the mold assembly, and are smooth so that the surface of the contact lens formed by polymerization of said polymerizable composition in contact with the surface is 2 1'.1341 , -7-optically acceptable. The mold is thin enough to transmit 1 heat therethrough rapidly and has rigidity sufficient to withstand prying forces applied to separate the mold halves during demolding step which occurs after the cure step in the manufacturing process.
The present invention is directed to an additional precure step introduced between the assembly of the mold with a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture, and the cure step. The precure step partially cures the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to a viscous gel and initiates polymerization throughout the mixture.
During this precure step the parallel alignment of the mold halves are "frozen" by the viscous gel like nature of the partially polymerized monomer gel which prevents decentration and enables unattended and unweighted cure during the remainder of the cure period. The addition of this precure step has substantially reduced the number of defective lenses resulting from traditional methods of manufacture.
The complimentary pair of first 31 and second 33 mold halves which define the shape of the final desired lens are used to direct mold the monomer mixture wherein the mixture is dissolved in a nonaqueous water displacable solvent. After the filling or dosing step, in which the front concave mold half 31 is substantially filled with a polymerization mixture 32, the concave front mold half 31 is covered with a base mold half 33 under a vacuum to ensure that no air bubbles are trapped between the mold halves. The base mold half is then brought to rest on the circumferential edge 31(c) of the concave front mold half to ensure that the resultant lenses are properly aligned and without distortion.
The first and second mold halves are then clamped together. This clamping step may be done following assembly of the mold halves, during precure, or z151341 _8_ both. The clamping step displaces any surplus monomer 1 from the mold area and properly aligns the mold halves by alignment of the mold flanges. When the clamping step occurs in the precure process, the mold halves are clamped under pressure, the monomer or monomer mixture is then exposed to actinic light, preferably from a UV lamp, while the mold halves are clamped. Typically the mold halves are clamped for approximately 40 seconds with 30 seconds of actinic radiation. At the completion of the precure step, the monomer or monomer mixture has formed a partially polymerized gel, with polymerization initiated throughout the mixture.
Following the novel precure step, the monomer/diluent mixture is then cured in a W oven whereby polymerization of the monomer(s) is completed. This irradiation with actinic, visible or ultraviolet radiation produces a polymer/diluent mixture in the shape of the final desired l-azogel lens. After the polymerization process is compieted, the two halves of the mold are separated in a demolding step typically leaving the contact lens in the first or front curve mold half, from which it is subsequently removed. The front and base curve mold halves are used for a single molding and then discarded or disposed of. After the demolding step, the solvent is displaced with water to produce a hydrated lens, which when fully hydrated and buffered, will be of the final shape and size which, in most cases, is nominally 10% larger than the original molded polymer/diluent article.
The present invention is therefore a novel precure step, and includes two separate embodiments of an apparatus for performing the same. The precure step is inserted in the process immediately after the polymerizable composition is placed in the front curve mold half, and the mold halves assembled.
The compositions to which this precure step may 1 be directed include copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ("HEMA") and one or more comonomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl acrylamide, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, styrene, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxy triethyleneglycol methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, hydroxytrimethylene acrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacryl acid, glyceryl methacrylate, and dimethylamino ethyl acrylate.
Preferred polymerizable compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,495,313 to Larsen, U.S.
Patent No. 5,039,459 to Larsen et al. and U.S. Patent No.
4,680,336 to Larsen et al.
Such compositions comprise afthxdrous mixtures of a polymerizable hydrophilic hydroxy ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and a water displaceable ester of boric acid and a polyhydroxyl compound having preferably at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
Polymerization of such compositions, followed by displacement of the boric acid ester with water, yields a hydrophilic contact lens. The mold assembly of the present invention described herein may be used to make hydrophobic or rigid contact lenses, but the manufacture of hydrophilic lenses is preferrpd.
The polymerizable compositions preferably contain a small amount of a cross-linking agent, usually from 0.05 to 2% and most frequently from 0.05 to 1.0$, of a diester or triester. Examples of representative cross linking agents include: ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,2-butylene dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate, 1,4-butylene dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene 1 glycol dimethacrylate, diethylglycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, glycerine trimethacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, and the like.
Typical cross-linking agents usually, but not necessarily, have at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.
The polymerizable compositions generally also include a catalyst, usually from about 0.05 to 1% of a free radical catalyst. Typical examples of such catalysts include lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, isopropyl percarbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile and known redox systems such as the ammonium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite combination and the like. Irradiation by ultraviolet light, electron beam or a radioactive source may also be employed to catalyze the polymerization reaction, optionally with the addition of a polymerization initiator. Representative initiators include camphorquinone, ethyl-4-(N,N-dimethyl-amino)benzoate, and 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-2-hydroxyl-2-propyl ketone.
Polymerization of the polymerizable composition in the mold assembly is preferably carried out by exposing the composition to polymerization initiating conditions.
The preferred technique is to include in the composition initiators which work upon expose to ultraviolet or visible radiation; and exposing the composition to ultraviolet or visible radiation of an intensity and duration effective to initiate polymerization and to allow it to proceed. For this reason, the mold halves are preferably transparent to ultraviolet or visible radiation. After the precure step, the monomer is again exposed to ultraviolet or visible radiation in a cure step in which the polymerization is permitted to proceed to completion. The required duration of the remainder of the ~151341 reaction can readily be ascertained experimentally for any 1 polymerizable composition.
After the polymerizable composition has polymerized, the mold assembly is disassembled to permit further processing of the polymerized hydrogel into a contact lens (such processing including e.g. washing and hydrating, and packaging of the lens). Preferably, the flanges of the front and back curve mold halves are gripped and pulled away from each other, either in directly opposite directions or through an angle in a prying sort of motion. Advantageously, the back curve is first heated moderately to facilitate separation of the polymerized article from the back curve mold half surfaces.
The Precure Apparatus Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent a side elevation view and an end elevation view, respectively, of an apparatus for practicing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a support frame 11 having legs 12 provides support for the device at an elevation of an infeed conveyor 13. As shown in Figure 3, the precure apparatus receives a plurality of pallets, one of which is illustrated in Figure 4, having a plurality of contact lens molds therein, from the infeed conveyor 13. As seen in Figure 3, the infeed conveyor 13 delivers the pallets and molds 31, 33 to a low oxygen environment, which environment is accomplished by pressurizing an enclosure 14 with nitrogen gas. Prior to polymerization, the 30 monomer is susceptible to absorption of oxygen which results in degradation of the resultant lens. The enclosure 14 may be pivoted about pivot point 15 by lifting on handle member 16. A gas strut assist device 17 ~11-1341 -~z-will hold the enclosure 14 in an open position for 1 servicing of the apparatus.
As illustrated in Figure 3, the conveyor 13 delivers pallets 30 containing a plurality of molds 31,33 to an accumulating section generally indicated 18 which gathers a plurality of pallets for the precure step. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-2 and 6-8, twelve pallets of the type illustrated in Figure 4 are accumulated for a total of 96 molds in each batch operation. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 a total of 12 pallets having 96 contact lens molds thereon are batched for each precure operation.
Accumulator 18 thus enables the precure apparatus of the present invention to batch process a plurality of molds for an extended period of time of 30 to 60 seconds while i5 continuously receiving new pallets from the production line at the rate of 1 every 6 to 12 seconds.
- The p-.oture assembly 19 is partially visible in the breakaway portion of Figure 1, and is further described with respect to Figures 6-8. It is raised and lowered into engagement with pallets containing contact lens molds by virtue of a pneumatic cylinder 20 which raises and lowers an intermediate support beam 21 and reciprocating shaft members 22 which are journaled for reciprocating support in member 23 as will be hereinafter subsequently described in greater detail. After the precure operation, the pallets with contact lens molds therein are discharged through a nitrogen ventilation airlock mechanism 24 (illustrated in Figure 1) for subsequent cure by heat and cycled actinic radiation.
The present invention is particularly adapted to cooperate with a plurality of pallets as illustrated in Figure 4 and 4a which have a plurality of cavities for receiving a plurality of contact lens molds. As illustrated' in Figure 4a, the contact lenses of the 21513 41.
. , -13-present invention are formed by placing an amount of 1 polymerizable composition, generally on the order of about 60 N1, in the first or concave mold half 31. The desired amount depends on the dimensions (i.e., the diameter and thickness) of the desired lens, taking into account the generation of by-products upon polymerization and exchange water for those by-products and diluent, if any, following polymerization.
Then a second or convex mold half 33 is placed onto the polymerizable composition 32 with the first and second mold halves aligned so that their axes of rotation are collinear and the respective flanges 31(a), 33(a) are parallel. The mold halves 31 are carried in an annular recess 30(a) which receives and supports the annular flange 31(a) of the first or concave mold half. The pallet 30 also has a plurality of recesses 30(b) for receiving the concave portion of the mold. The pallet also carries a plurality of oriented recesses 30(c) which receive a triangular tab portion 31(c) of the base mold half to provide a predefined angular position. The second or convex mold half 33 also includes a triangular tab 33(c) which overlies tab 31(c) to provide a collinear axis of rotation with respect to the two mold halves. The pallet 30 illustrated in Figure 4 also contains a unique bar code number 35 for use in pallet tracking and quality control procedures.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a portion of the apparatus more fully illustrated in Figures 6-9 and Figures 9-10 which is particularly suited to an overview of the present invention. As illustrated in Figure 3, the apparatus includes a conveyor system 13 for transporting a plurality of pallets 30 into and away from the precure station. Batch mode forks 36(a), 36(b) are used to gather and move a plurality of pallets into the - precure apparatus.
~151341 The apparatus 19 includes multiple vertical 1 reciprocal movements, a first one of which is in response to movement from air cylinder 20(a) and reciprocating beam 21(a). As the precure apparatus 19 is lowered in the direction illustrated by arrow A, a plurality of annular clamping means 40 will engage the upper annular flange 33(a) of each of the mold halves contained within pallets 30. A plurality of annular clamping means 40 are mounted on and travel with a reciprocating platform 41 of the apparatus, and are resiliently mounted therein for a second reciprocal movement along the directions of arrow B illustrated in Figure 3.
As illustrated in Figure 3, the clamping means 40 are biased within frame 41 by springs 42 (illustrated diagrammatically) which may be the air spring 42(a) illustrated in Figure 5a or a helical spring 42 as illustrated in Figure 5b. As the apparatus is lowered, the clamping rnea>>s will engage and clamp the first and second mold halves together with the force determined by the spring means 42. When air springs are used, the force will be determined by the amount of pressure provided to the air cylinder 42(a). While clamping means 40 have been illustrated as four members in Figure 3 for illustrative purposes, it is understood that in the embodiments illustrated in Figure 6-8 and the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9-10 that there are 96 individual clamping means, with an individual clamping means for each of the mold halves.
Positioned above the clamping apparatus are a plurality of actinic light sources 44 which may be UV
lamps. The lamps are separated from the clamping area by Pyrex glass 100 which separates the precure apparatus into two separate heat zones. This enables cooling of the actinic lamps 44, while maintaining the clamping zone at an optimal cure temperature. The glass 100 also protects the lamps from monomer emissions which collect on the 1 glass 100 rather than the lamps 44. After the clamping means has engaged the mold halves to clamp them together, a shutter mechanism 45 is opened by air cylinder 46 to enable the actinic light source 44 to initiate polymerization of the polymerizable composition in each of the mold halves 33. Shutter 45 has a plurality of openings 43 defined therein and is reciprocal along the x axis as indicated by arrow C in Figure 3 in order to open and close the exposure passage ways 47.
The operation of the precure apparatus 19 is set by control circuit 10 which controls the duration of the clamping period by the length of time air cylinder 20(a) is activated to its reciprocal down position. Control circuit 10 also controls the amount of radiation received by the molds controlling the duration of the exposure period through operation of shutter 45 and air cylinder 46. The intensity may also be manually adjusted by raising or lowering the lamps 44 with respect to molds 31,33. Optionally, the polymerization radiation may be generated remotely and routed to the clamped mold halves .and polymerizable material via a fiber optic system, with control system 10 providing control of exposure time and energy level.
The amount of force applied by clamping means 40 may be varied from approximately 0.5 Kgf to 2.0 Kgf/per lens and is applied to keep the.flange 33(a) of the second convex mold half parallel to the flange 31(a) of the first concave mold half for the duration of the exposure. The clamping weight is applied for 10 to 60 seconds, but typically for a period of 40 seconds by control means 10.
After approximately 0-20 seconds of weight, preferably 10 seconds, actinic radiation from UV lamps 44 is applied to the assembled mold and the polymerizable monomer.
Typically, the intensity of the UV light source is 2-4 = - -16-mW/cm2, and this intensity of light is applied for 10 to 50 1 seconds, but in the preferred embodiment, is applied for 30 seconds.
In the preferred embodiment, the UV lamp source are tubular low pressure mercury vapor fluorescent lamps which emit a long wave ultraviolet radiation having a highly concentrated radiation between 320 and 390 nm. In one embodiment, by way of example, the lamps are manufactured by Philips as model _TL' 29 D 16/09 N having a nominal wattage of 14 watts and an average radiation of 1.8 watts in the desired spectrum.
The mold halves are first clamped together for a predetermined period of time, prior to exposure, in order to allow equilibrium to develop between the monomer and the mold cavity, and to allow any excess monomer to be extruded out of the mold cavity into the space between flanges 31(a) and 32(a) where it forms a ring of excess monomer 32(a), which is generally referred to as a "HEMA"
ring when hydroxyethylmethacrylate monomer is used. The first or concave mold cavity includes a sharp annular edge 31(c) to cleanly contact the convex portion of mold half 33 and thereby separate the contact lens 32 from the HEMA
ring 32(a). The pre-exposure clamping period allows for any excess monomer to migrate from the mold cavity to the HEMA ring, enables the second mold cavity to seat cleanly on parting edge 31(c), and 'allows an equilibrium to develop between the mold halves and the monomer.
Although the mold halves may be held together until the monomer(s) are completely cured, in the preferred embodiment actinic radiation on the order of 2-4 mW/cm2 is applied for approximately 30 seconds. Different intensities and exposure times could be used, including pulsed and cycled high intensity UV on the order of 10 to 150 mW/cmZ with exposure times running from 5 to 60 seconds. In a pulsed or cycled exposure, the actinic-radiation may be cycled on for 3 to 10 seconds and then 1 off for 3 to 10 seconds with a total of 1 to 10 cycles of radiation. At the end of the radiation period, the shutter 45 is closed by reciprocating it to the right as illustrated in Figure 3 and the weight is removed by energizing cylinder 20(a) to lift the precure assembly 19 upwardly by means of push rods 22(a). As the assembly 19 is lifted, the clamping means 40 will be lifted clear of the molds and pallets to enable them to be transported out of the precure means by means of conveyor 13(a). During the precure time, the temperature in the system may be varied from ambient to 50 C.
At the conclusion of the precure process, the monomer has gone through initiation and some degree of polymerization. The resultant product is in a gel state with some areas of the product that have the least thickness, i.e., the edge, having a higher degree of polymerization than the body. As the monomer polymerizes it forms a seal along the parting edge 31(c), which together with the inherent shrinkage of the monomer from polymerization, forms a secure mold package that may be cured in atmospheric conditions.
The clamping pressure aligns the mold flanges to provide substantially parallel alignment of the flanges, and the seal maintains them in a parallel position which results in improved opticalcharacteristics near the theoretical maximum of the plastic mold halves. Further, the clamping, and resultant seal from the partial cure results in an improved "clean" edge at the circumference of the lens.
Figures 5a and 5b are schematic illustrations of two alternate means for clamping the mold halves together.
In Figure 5a an air spring is used to displace the clamping means 40 downwardly with respect to the movement of reciprocating platform 41. In the embodiment ~151341 -~8-illustrated in Figure 5b, a resilient coil spring 42 is 1 used to drive the clamping means 40 downwardly with respect to the movement of reciprocating platform 41.
As illustrated in Figure 5a, reciprocating platform 41 includes a plurality of annular cylinders 40, each of which has an annular flange 51 formed thereon, which reciprocates within a cylinder defined by spacer plate 52 to form an air spring or air cylinder 42(a) . The cylinder is vented to atmosphere by vents, one of which is illustrated at 53 in Figure 5a to enable air pressure in the air cylinder 42(a) to drive the flange 51 and clamping means 40 downwardly against a stop plate 55 when the air cylinder 42(a) is pressurized. The carriage 50 also includes an upper stop member 56 which defines the upper limit of travel by annular flange 51, and serves as reciprocal bearing support for the clamping means 40. The upper stop member 56 also defines a plurality of air -plenums, one of which is schematically illustrated at 71, which provide air pressure for the air cylinder 42(a).
Air pressure is supplied to plenum 71 by solenoid air valve 72 which is activated by control means 10. As indicated previously, the air pressure supplied to air cylinder 42(a) is variable to generate a clamping force of 0.5 Kgf to 2.0 Kgf on the annular flange 33(a).
As the reciprocating platform 41 is lowered over the pallet 30 and the contact lens molds, the annular clamping means 40 engages the annular flange 33(a) formed on the second or convex mold half to urge it downwardly and clamp it into engagement with mold half 31. The movement of reciprocating platform 41 is defined by the movement of the entire assembly 19 as driven by air cylinder 20.
As illustrated in Figure 5b, the annular clamping cylinder 40 also includes an annular flange 51 which is engaged by a resilient coil spring 42 and driven downwardly, as illustrated in Figure 5b, against stop plate 55. The other end of coil spring 42 is mounted 1 within upper stop plate 56(a). Spacer plate 52 and the upper stop plate 56 provide support and guidance for the vertical reciprocation of clamping members 40.
The clamping member 40 is formed of stainless steel, and optionally the mass of the clamping members may be increased to enable the clamping members to clamp by weight alone, without air or spring assist. However, the combination of the individual reciprocal clamping means 40 and locally driven resilient biasing means enable precise control of the amount of clamping pressure exerted on the plastic flanges 33(a) of the upper mold regardless of the amount of force needed to move the mass of the entire precure assembly 19.
Figures 6-8 are top side and end elevation views of one embodiment of the apparatus for performing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 6-8, the precure assembly -i is mounted on reciprocating support shafts 22 which are journaled for reciprocating motion within support members 23 which are fixably mounted to a frame. Each of the support members 23 include upper and lower bearings or journals 23(a), 23(b) to provide for precision guidance of the reciprocating shafts 22. Shafts 22 are driven by intermediate support frame 21 which is in turn driven by air cylinder 20 as previously described.
The precure assembly 19 is reciprocated vertically with respect to the upper most surface of the conveyor 13 illustrated schematically in Figures 7 and 8.
The precure assembly 19 is supported from an upper support frame 60 from which various operating components are suspended by intermediate support members at each corner generally illustrated at 61, 62 in Figure 7 and 62, 63 in Figure 8. These members suspend the reciprocating platform 41, into which the individual clamping means 40 are fitted for a secondary reciprocation along the same axis. A separate subframe 65 is mounted on platform 41 1 and provides support for the ultraviolet lamps 44 and the ballast members 66 which provide the high voltage for the UV lamps, and the starters 67 which are used to initiate fluorescence. In one embodiment, by way of example, the ballast members may be BTP 30C05S, as manufactured by Philips and the starters may be model S2, as manufactured by Philips. The intermediate support frame 65 may be lifted free from the reciprocating platform 41 by means of a plurality of handles 67 which are mounted via straps 68 to the intermediate support frame 65. Pyrex glass member 100 separates the lamps 44 from the clamping area to protect the lamps from monomer emissions, and to enable the lamps to be cooled, while keeping the precure zone at a temperature of ambient to 50 C to facilitate polymerization. An oxygen detector 69 is also provided to monitor the low oxygen environment maintained within the protective cabinet 14 and an alarm is initiated if the oxygen content rises to an unacceptable level. Shutter 45 is positioned above the reciprocating platform 41 between the UV lamps 44 and the clamping means 40 and is reciprocated between its open and closed position by virtue of air cylinder 46.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 6-8 utilizes the air cylinder or air springs depicted schematically in Figure 5a with an internal common plenum formed in the reciprocating platform 41 by means of passageways in stop plate 56. Thus, each of the 96 clamping members 40 are reciprocated by their respective air cylinders, which are fed from common plenums, one of which is illustrated in Figure 5a as plenum 71 formed in the upper stop plate 56.
Figures 9 and 10 depict a second preferred embodiment for practicing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 6-8, the first preferred-embodiment reciprocated the UV lamps and clamping members into and 1 out of engagement with the mold halves and pallets carried by conveyor-means 13. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, the UV lamps are stationary, and the pallets are lifted from the conveyor into engagement with the clamping means for the precure period.
The clamping means utilized by the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 utilizes the clamping means previously described with respect to Figure 5b. In this embodiment, a plurality of clamping means 40(a) are mounted above a roller conveyor illustrated in side view in Figure 10 by rollers 80. A plurality of lifting standards 81 are positioned between groups of rollers 80 on centers approximate the width of the pallets 30. In Figure 10, a first row of pallets 30 is depicted resting on rollers 80 with adjoining edges of each of the pallets aligned along the top of the lifting standards 81.
The pallets 30 are aligned in position by means of stop means 83 which is lifted by air cylinder 82 during the loading of the precure apparatus. During loading of the device, the stop means 83 is reciprocated upwardly, and the requisite number of pallets 30 are advanced into the precure apparatus. When 6 pallets in each row have been advanced, a second stop means 84 is lifted by air cylinder 85 to define a limit on x axis travel as illustrated in Figure 10. A separate air cylinder 87 is used in cooperation with stop means 83 to align the adjoining edges of the pallets 30 above the centers of the lifting standards 81. After the pallets have been aligned, the lifting standards 81 are reciprocated upwardly by means of intermediate support frame 88 and a pair of pneumatic motors 90 and 91.
The pallets are reciprocated upwardly to the position illustrated at 30(a) in Figure 10, in which position they engage the clamping member 40(a) as 215"l 34 1 previously described with respect to Figure 5b. Each of 1 the clamping members 40(a) also include a separate independent and resilient spring 42 for driving clamping member 40(a) and the upper mold half against the lower mold half during the precure period.
After the pallets and mold halves have been raised by air cylinders 90, 91, and the first and second mold halves clamped together by means of clamping means 40(a), a reciprocating shutter 45(a) is shifted as illustrated in Figure 3 to align a plurality of openings therein with the central openings formed in the clamping means 40(a) and thereby enable exposure of the monomer in the mold halves by means of actinic light sources 44(a).
The upper precure assembly 19(a) is fixably supported by means of support beams 92 and 93. High voltage ballast means 66(a) and starter 67(a) also initiate and maintain fluorescence within the UV light sourc-e- 44(a). The reciprocal subassembly of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 is mounted on an intermediate support frame 94 which may be raised and lowered by means of pneumatic cylinder 95 to provide for cleaning and servicing of the apparatus, and in particular, the clearing of the individual clamping means 40. Pyrex glass member 101 protects the lamps 44(a) from monomer emissions, and may be removed for clearing. Glass member 101 also divides the apparatus into two temperature zones, enabling cooling of lamps 44(a). The intermediate support frame 94 is guided and aligned with the exposure assembly 19(a) by means of support rods 95, 96 and reciprocal bushing members 97, 98.
The clamping period and the amount of exposure to radiation are controlled by control means 10 in the manner previously described with respect to Figures 3 and 5.
Following the precure of the monomer in mold 1 halves 31,33 the pallets 30 are reciprocated downwardly to the position illustrated in Figure 10 and advanced by conveyor rollers 80 to a subsequent conveyor (not shown) which transports the pallets to the final cure apparatus.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
U.S. Patent 4,495,313 to Larsen, now assigned to the assignee of the present application, discloses the polymerization of a monomer to form a soft contact lens by means of ultraviolet light. In addition, this reference also teaches that an ultraviolet light catalyst can be added to the polymerization system to effect an essentially complete polymerization.
U.S. Patent 5,039,459 to Kindt-Larsen et al.
entitled "Method of Forming Shaped Hydrogel Articles Including Contact Lenses" teaches the polymerization of soft contact lenses wherein the monomer/diluent mixture in a transparent polystyrene mold is exposed on one side to 1.7 jewels/centimeter squared of ultraviolet radiation for ten minutes at 55 C (TL 09 lamps with peak radiation at 350 nm).
In addition to these two references, U.S.
Patents 4,565,348; 4,680,336; 4,640,489 and 5,080,839 all disclose the polymerization of a monomer with ultraviolet light to form a soft contact lens.
SUMMARY OF T'HE INVENTION
The present invention is an apparatus and a method for precuring a polymerizable monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens in a mold which enables a more uniform cure for the lens during the cure step, and which reduces "puddling" or cavitation of the lens in the mold during cure.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the apparatus comprising: a clamping member for clamping a first contact lens mold half against a second contact lens mold half at a precure station for a predetermined pressure and time, the first and second mold halves having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween; a radiant energy source for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture while the first and second halves are clamped together, wherein the radiant energy source is movable from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture; and a frame for moving the radiant energy source from the first transport position to the second exposure position.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the method comprising: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween;
clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure; moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and exposing the monomer or -2a-monomer mixture to the radiation source to polymerize the monomer to a partially cured state.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, the method comprising: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween; clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and exposing the monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize the monomer to a cured state.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, using an apparatus comprising: a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds through a precure station, each of the contact lens molds having first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer therebetween; a clamping member for clamping the first mold half against the second mold half for a predetermined pressure and time; a radiant energy source for polymerizing the polymerizable monomer while the first and second halves are clamped together; and a control circuit for setting the predetermined pressure and time.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a contact lens, the method comprising the steps of: depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with the monomer therebetween, each of the mold halves having an annular flange; clamping the first mold half into engagement with the second mold half with a predetermined pressure with the annular flanges of the mold halves substantially parallel; moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing the monomer or monomer mixture, the radiation source being moved by means of a frame; exposing the monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize the monomer to a partially cured state to seal the mold halves together, in alignment, for a subsequent cure step.
-2b-In accordance with the present invention, suitably a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture is deposited in a lens mold having first concave and second convex mold halves. The mold halves are formed of polystyrene or other material transparent to actinic or visible radiation. The mold halves are transported from the deposition and mold assembly station to the precure station of the present invention, and clamped together under predetermined pressure for a predetermined period of time which may be done in a low oxygen environment. The second or convex mold half may be slightly thinner than the first or concave mold half to enable mold compliance during cure as the monomer is polymerized. The clamping pressure aligns flanges formed on the first and second mold halves to ensure that the flanges are parallel and that the respective curves of the molds are aligned. The clamping pressure also seats the second convex mold half against an annular edge formed on the first mold half to essentially sever any excess monomer from the monomer contained within the mold.
After a predetermined clamping period, the hydrogel is exposed to actinic or visible radiation, such as a UV light source, to partially cure the hydrogel to a gel state.
After a second predetermined period of Z1a1341 -~-exposure under clamping pressure, the clamping action and 1 the UV radiation may be removed, and the partially precured hydrogel lens is transported in the mold to a curing station for complete polymerization and cure.
Alternately, a complete cure may be effected in the apparatus.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel means for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
The means includes a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds to the precure station in a low oxygen environment. The contact lens molds include first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween.
The means also include a plurality of means for clamping the first mold half to the second mold half for a predetermined period of time in a low oxygen environment.
The polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture is then exposed to actinic radiation for a predetermined period of time while it is under pressure to partially or completely cure the monomer or monomer mixture.
The clamping pressure may be applied by an annular air cylinder, spring driven annular cylinder, or physical weights which allows actinic radiation to pass through the annulus of the cylinder and through one or more of the mold halves and into the monomer or monomer mixture. The means may include a means for controlling the duration and intensity of the clamping pressure, and the duration and intensity of the actinic radiation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel method of precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
The method includes a step of depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having first concave and second convex mold halves with the monomer therebetween. The mold halves are then clamped 1 together with a predetermined pressure and then exposed to radiation to partially polymerize the monomer to a precured gel-like state. The clamping pressure is then relieved and the lens is then cured with additional radiation or a combination of heat and radiation.
In the preferred embodiment the radiation source may be actinic, electron beam or radioactive source, but preferably is an ultraviolet lamp which irradiates the monomer at 2-4 mW/cm2 for 5-60 seconds, but preferably 20-40 seconds. Radiation may also be from a high intensity UV source that is pulsed or cycled.
The clamping step aligns the mold halves, causes excess monomer to be removed from the mold cavity, and seats a compliant second mold half against a first mold half for the precure step.
It is an object of the present invention to Frecure i- p,)lymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to a gel-like state wherein polymerization has been initiated throughout the monomer, and utilize the shrinkage of the monomer and the compliance of the mold halves to seal and hold the mold halves together for the remainder of the cure period.
It is another object of the present invention to precure the hydrogel in a low oxygen environment to prevent undesired absorption of oxygen by the monomer.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an adjustable means for varying the clamping pressure during the precure step.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a reciprocating means for positioning the actinic light source at an exposure position, and then retracting the light source to a second position for transport of the lens molds.
2 1a1341 = ~ -5-It is further an object of the present invention 1 to provide an alternate reciprocating means for positioning the lens molds against the light source for exposure, and retracting the molds to a second position for transport.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture may be more readily understood by one skilled in the art with reference to the following detailed description of the two preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures wherein like elements are designated by identical reference numerals throughout the several views.
Figure 1 is a partially cut away elevation view of one of the embod'.;nents for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic and schematic illustration of one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 is a plan view of a carrier used to transport a plurality of contact lens molds having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween to and from the precure station.
Figure 4(a) is a diagrammatic and cross-sectional view of a pair of mold halves in the pallet carrier of Figure 4.
Figure 5a is a diagrammatic illustration of one embodiment of the present invention which uses an air driven clamp for clamping the mold halves together.
Figure 5b is a diagrammatic illustration of a 1 second embodiment of the present invention which uses a spring driven clamp for clamping the mold halves together.
Figure 6 is a plan view of a reciprocating portion of the apparatus for precuring a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a contact lens.
Figure 7 is an elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an end elevational view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 9 is an elevational end view of a second embodiment of the present invention used to precure a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens.
Figure 10 is an elevational side view of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 9.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is useful in a process for forming soft contact lenses from a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture. The soft contact lenses are formed in a mold assembly having a first concave and a second convex mold half. As illustrated in Figure 4a, the mold halves are formed of polystyrene transparent to visible and ultraviolet light, with a central curved section defining a concave surface 31, a convex surface 33 and circular circumferential edge 31(c), and integral with said edge an annular essentially uniplanar flange 31(a). At least a part of the concave surface 31 and the convex surface 33 have the dimensions of the front or back curves, respectively of a contact lens to be produced in the mold assembly, and are smooth so that the surface of the contact lens formed by polymerization of said polymerizable composition in contact with the surface is 2 1'.1341 , -7-optically acceptable. The mold is thin enough to transmit 1 heat therethrough rapidly and has rigidity sufficient to withstand prying forces applied to separate the mold halves during demolding step which occurs after the cure step in the manufacturing process.
The present invention is directed to an additional precure step introduced between the assembly of the mold with a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture, and the cure step. The precure step partially cures the polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to a viscous gel and initiates polymerization throughout the mixture.
During this precure step the parallel alignment of the mold halves are "frozen" by the viscous gel like nature of the partially polymerized monomer gel which prevents decentration and enables unattended and unweighted cure during the remainder of the cure period. The addition of this precure step has substantially reduced the number of defective lenses resulting from traditional methods of manufacture.
The complimentary pair of first 31 and second 33 mold halves which define the shape of the final desired lens are used to direct mold the monomer mixture wherein the mixture is dissolved in a nonaqueous water displacable solvent. After the filling or dosing step, in which the front concave mold half 31 is substantially filled with a polymerization mixture 32, the concave front mold half 31 is covered with a base mold half 33 under a vacuum to ensure that no air bubbles are trapped between the mold halves. The base mold half is then brought to rest on the circumferential edge 31(c) of the concave front mold half to ensure that the resultant lenses are properly aligned and without distortion.
The first and second mold halves are then clamped together. This clamping step may be done following assembly of the mold halves, during precure, or z151341 _8_ both. The clamping step displaces any surplus monomer 1 from the mold area and properly aligns the mold halves by alignment of the mold flanges. When the clamping step occurs in the precure process, the mold halves are clamped under pressure, the monomer or monomer mixture is then exposed to actinic light, preferably from a UV lamp, while the mold halves are clamped. Typically the mold halves are clamped for approximately 40 seconds with 30 seconds of actinic radiation. At the completion of the precure step, the monomer or monomer mixture has formed a partially polymerized gel, with polymerization initiated throughout the mixture.
Following the novel precure step, the monomer/diluent mixture is then cured in a W oven whereby polymerization of the monomer(s) is completed. This irradiation with actinic, visible or ultraviolet radiation produces a polymer/diluent mixture in the shape of the final desired l-azogel lens. After the polymerization process is compieted, the two halves of the mold are separated in a demolding step typically leaving the contact lens in the first or front curve mold half, from which it is subsequently removed. The front and base curve mold halves are used for a single molding and then discarded or disposed of. After the demolding step, the solvent is displaced with water to produce a hydrated lens, which when fully hydrated and buffered, will be of the final shape and size which, in most cases, is nominally 10% larger than the original molded polymer/diluent article.
The present invention is therefore a novel precure step, and includes two separate embodiments of an apparatus for performing the same. The precure step is inserted in the process immediately after the polymerizable composition is placed in the front curve mold half, and the mold halves assembled.
The compositions to which this precure step may 1 be directed include copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ("HEMA") and one or more comonomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl acrylamide, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, styrene, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxy triethyleneglycol methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, hydroxytrimethylene acrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacryl acid, glyceryl methacrylate, and dimethylamino ethyl acrylate.
Preferred polymerizable compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,495,313 to Larsen, U.S.
Patent No. 5,039,459 to Larsen et al. and U.S. Patent No.
4,680,336 to Larsen et al.
Such compositions comprise afthxdrous mixtures of a polymerizable hydrophilic hydroxy ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and a water displaceable ester of boric acid and a polyhydroxyl compound having preferably at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
Polymerization of such compositions, followed by displacement of the boric acid ester with water, yields a hydrophilic contact lens. The mold assembly of the present invention described herein may be used to make hydrophobic or rigid contact lenses, but the manufacture of hydrophilic lenses is preferrpd.
The polymerizable compositions preferably contain a small amount of a cross-linking agent, usually from 0.05 to 2% and most frequently from 0.05 to 1.0$, of a diester or triester. Examples of representative cross linking agents include: ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,2-butylene dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate, 1,4-butylene dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene 1 glycol dimethacrylate, diethylglycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, glycerine trimethacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate, and the like.
Typical cross-linking agents usually, but not necessarily, have at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.
The polymerizable compositions generally also include a catalyst, usually from about 0.05 to 1% of a free radical catalyst. Typical examples of such catalysts include lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, isopropyl percarbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile and known redox systems such as the ammonium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite combination and the like. Irradiation by ultraviolet light, electron beam or a radioactive source may also be employed to catalyze the polymerization reaction, optionally with the addition of a polymerization initiator. Representative initiators include camphorquinone, ethyl-4-(N,N-dimethyl-amino)benzoate, and 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-2-hydroxyl-2-propyl ketone.
Polymerization of the polymerizable composition in the mold assembly is preferably carried out by exposing the composition to polymerization initiating conditions.
The preferred technique is to include in the composition initiators which work upon expose to ultraviolet or visible radiation; and exposing the composition to ultraviolet or visible radiation of an intensity and duration effective to initiate polymerization and to allow it to proceed. For this reason, the mold halves are preferably transparent to ultraviolet or visible radiation. After the precure step, the monomer is again exposed to ultraviolet or visible radiation in a cure step in which the polymerization is permitted to proceed to completion. The required duration of the remainder of the ~151341 reaction can readily be ascertained experimentally for any 1 polymerizable composition.
After the polymerizable composition has polymerized, the mold assembly is disassembled to permit further processing of the polymerized hydrogel into a contact lens (such processing including e.g. washing and hydrating, and packaging of the lens). Preferably, the flanges of the front and back curve mold halves are gripped and pulled away from each other, either in directly opposite directions or through an angle in a prying sort of motion. Advantageously, the back curve is first heated moderately to facilitate separation of the polymerized article from the back curve mold half surfaces.
The Precure Apparatus Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent a side elevation view and an end elevation view, respectively, of an apparatus for practicing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a support frame 11 having legs 12 provides support for the device at an elevation of an infeed conveyor 13. As shown in Figure 3, the precure apparatus receives a plurality of pallets, one of which is illustrated in Figure 4, having a plurality of contact lens molds therein, from the infeed conveyor 13. As seen in Figure 3, the infeed conveyor 13 delivers the pallets and molds 31, 33 to a low oxygen environment, which environment is accomplished by pressurizing an enclosure 14 with nitrogen gas. Prior to polymerization, the 30 monomer is susceptible to absorption of oxygen which results in degradation of the resultant lens. The enclosure 14 may be pivoted about pivot point 15 by lifting on handle member 16. A gas strut assist device 17 ~11-1341 -~z-will hold the enclosure 14 in an open position for 1 servicing of the apparatus.
As illustrated in Figure 3, the conveyor 13 delivers pallets 30 containing a plurality of molds 31,33 to an accumulating section generally indicated 18 which gathers a plurality of pallets for the precure step. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-2 and 6-8, twelve pallets of the type illustrated in Figure 4 are accumulated for a total of 96 molds in each batch operation. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 a total of 12 pallets having 96 contact lens molds thereon are batched for each precure operation.
Accumulator 18 thus enables the precure apparatus of the present invention to batch process a plurality of molds for an extended period of time of 30 to 60 seconds while i5 continuously receiving new pallets from the production line at the rate of 1 every 6 to 12 seconds.
- The p-.oture assembly 19 is partially visible in the breakaway portion of Figure 1, and is further described with respect to Figures 6-8. It is raised and lowered into engagement with pallets containing contact lens molds by virtue of a pneumatic cylinder 20 which raises and lowers an intermediate support beam 21 and reciprocating shaft members 22 which are journaled for reciprocating support in member 23 as will be hereinafter subsequently described in greater detail. After the precure operation, the pallets with contact lens molds therein are discharged through a nitrogen ventilation airlock mechanism 24 (illustrated in Figure 1) for subsequent cure by heat and cycled actinic radiation.
The present invention is particularly adapted to cooperate with a plurality of pallets as illustrated in Figure 4 and 4a which have a plurality of cavities for receiving a plurality of contact lens molds. As illustrated' in Figure 4a, the contact lenses of the 21513 41.
. , -13-present invention are formed by placing an amount of 1 polymerizable composition, generally on the order of about 60 N1, in the first or concave mold half 31. The desired amount depends on the dimensions (i.e., the diameter and thickness) of the desired lens, taking into account the generation of by-products upon polymerization and exchange water for those by-products and diluent, if any, following polymerization.
Then a second or convex mold half 33 is placed onto the polymerizable composition 32 with the first and second mold halves aligned so that their axes of rotation are collinear and the respective flanges 31(a), 33(a) are parallel. The mold halves 31 are carried in an annular recess 30(a) which receives and supports the annular flange 31(a) of the first or concave mold half. The pallet 30 also has a plurality of recesses 30(b) for receiving the concave portion of the mold. The pallet also carries a plurality of oriented recesses 30(c) which receive a triangular tab portion 31(c) of the base mold half to provide a predefined angular position. The second or convex mold half 33 also includes a triangular tab 33(c) which overlies tab 31(c) to provide a collinear axis of rotation with respect to the two mold halves. The pallet 30 illustrated in Figure 4 also contains a unique bar code number 35 for use in pallet tracking and quality control procedures.
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a portion of the apparatus more fully illustrated in Figures 6-9 and Figures 9-10 which is particularly suited to an overview of the present invention. As illustrated in Figure 3, the apparatus includes a conveyor system 13 for transporting a plurality of pallets 30 into and away from the precure station. Batch mode forks 36(a), 36(b) are used to gather and move a plurality of pallets into the - precure apparatus.
~151341 The apparatus 19 includes multiple vertical 1 reciprocal movements, a first one of which is in response to movement from air cylinder 20(a) and reciprocating beam 21(a). As the precure apparatus 19 is lowered in the direction illustrated by arrow A, a plurality of annular clamping means 40 will engage the upper annular flange 33(a) of each of the mold halves contained within pallets 30. A plurality of annular clamping means 40 are mounted on and travel with a reciprocating platform 41 of the apparatus, and are resiliently mounted therein for a second reciprocal movement along the directions of arrow B illustrated in Figure 3.
As illustrated in Figure 3, the clamping means 40 are biased within frame 41 by springs 42 (illustrated diagrammatically) which may be the air spring 42(a) illustrated in Figure 5a or a helical spring 42 as illustrated in Figure 5b. As the apparatus is lowered, the clamping rnea>>s will engage and clamp the first and second mold halves together with the force determined by the spring means 42. When air springs are used, the force will be determined by the amount of pressure provided to the air cylinder 42(a). While clamping means 40 have been illustrated as four members in Figure 3 for illustrative purposes, it is understood that in the embodiments illustrated in Figure 6-8 and the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9-10 that there are 96 individual clamping means, with an individual clamping means for each of the mold halves.
Positioned above the clamping apparatus are a plurality of actinic light sources 44 which may be UV
lamps. The lamps are separated from the clamping area by Pyrex glass 100 which separates the precure apparatus into two separate heat zones. This enables cooling of the actinic lamps 44, while maintaining the clamping zone at an optimal cure temperature. The glass 100 also protects the lamps from monomer emissions which collect on the 1 glass 100 rather than the lamps 44. After the clamping means has engaged the mold halves to clamp them together, a shutter mechanism 45 is opened by air cylinder 46 to enable the actinic light source 44 to initiate polymerization of the polymerizable composition in each of the mold halves 33. Shutter 45 has a plurality of openings 43 defined therein and is reciprocal along the x axis as indicated by arrow C in Figure 3 in order to open and close the exposure passage ways 47.
The operation of the precure apparatus 19 is set by control circuit 10 which controls the duration of the clamping period by the length of time air cylinder 20(a) is activated to its reciprocal down position. Control circuit 10 also controls the amount of radiation received by the molds controlling the duration of the exposure period through operation of shutter 45 and air cylinder 46. The intensity may also be manually adjusted by raising or lowering the lamps 44 with respect to molds 31,33. Optionally, the polymerization radiation may be generated remotely and routed to the clamped mold halves .and polymerizable material via a fiber optic system, with control system 10 providing control of exposure time and energy level.
The amount of force applied by clamping means 40 may be varied from approximately 0.5 Kgf to 2.0 Kgf/per lens and is applied to keep the.flange 33(a) of the second convex mold half parallel to the flange 31(a) of the first concave mold half for the duration of the exposure. The clamping weight is applied for 10 to 60 seconds, but typically for a period of 40 seconds by control means 10.
After approximately 0-20 seconds of weight, preferably 10 seconds, actinic radiation from UV lamps 44 is applied to the assembled mold and the polymerizable monomer.
Typically, the intensity of the UV light source is 2-4 = - -16-mW/cm2, and this intensity of light is applied for 10 to 50 1 seconds, but in the preferred embodiment, is applied for 30 seconds.
In the preferred embodiment, the UV lamp source are tubular low pressure mercury vapor fluorescent lamps which emit a long wave ultraviolet radiation having a highly concentrated radiation between 320 and 390 nm. In one embodiment, by way of example, the lamps are manufactured by Philips as model _TL' 29 D 16/09 N having a nominal wattage of 14 watts and an average radiation of 1.8 watts in the desired spectrum.
The mold halves are first clamped together for a predetermined period of time, prior to exposure, in order to allow equilibrium to develop between the monomer and the mold cavity, and to allow any excess monomer to be extruded out of the mold cavity into the space between flanges 31(a) and 32(a) where it forms a ring of excess monomer 32(a), which is generally referred to as a "HEMA"
ring when hydroxyethylmethacrylate monomer is used. The first or concave mold cavity includes a sharp annular edge 31(c) to cleanly contact the convex portion of mold half 33 and thereby separate the contact lens 32 from the HEMA
ring 32(a). The pre-exposure clamping period allows for any excess monomer to migrate from the mold cavity to the HEMA ring, enables the second mold cavity to seat cleanly on parting edge 31(c), and 'allows an equilibrium to develop between the mold halves and the monomer.
Although the mold halves may be held together until the monomer(s) are completely cured, in the preferred embodiment actinic radiation on the order of 2-4 mW/cm2 is applied for approximately 30 seconds. Different intensities and exposure times could be used, including pulsed and cycled high intensity UV on the order of 10 to 150 mW/cmZ with exposure times running from 5 to 60 seconds. In a pulsed or cycled exposure, the actinic-radiation may be cycled on for 3 to 10 seconds and then 1 off for 3 to 10 seconds with a total of 1 to 10 cycles of radiation. At the end of the radiation period, the shutter 45 is closed by reciprocating it to the right as illustrated in Figure 3 and the weight is removed by energizing cylinder 20(a) to lift the precure assembly 19 upwardly by means of push rods 22(a). As the assembly 19 is lifted, the clamping means 40 will be lifted clear of the molds and pallets to enable them to be transported out of the precure means by means of conveyor 13(a). During the precure time, the temperature in the system may be varied from ambient to 50 C.
At the conclusion of the precure process, the monomer has gone through initiation and some degree of polymerization. The resultant product is in a gel state with some areas of the product that have the least thickness, i.e., the edge, having a higher degree of polymerization than the body. As the monomer polymerizes it forms a seal along the parting edge 31(c), which together with the inherent shrinkage of the monomer from polymerization, forms a secure mold package that may be cured in atmospheric conditions.
The clamping pressure aligns the mold flanges to provide substantially parallel alignment of the flanges, and the seal maintains them in a parallel position which results in improved opticalcharacteristics near the theoretical maximum of the plastic mold halves. Further, the clamping, and resultant seal from the partial cure results in an improved "clean" edge at the circumference of the lens.
Figures 5a and 5b are schematic illustrations of two alternate means for clamping the mold halves together.
In Figure 5a an air spring is used to displace the clamping means 40 downwardly with respect to the movement of reciprocating platform 41. In the embodiment ~151341 -~8-illustrated in Figure 5b, a resilient coil spring 42 is 1 used to drive the clamping means 40 downwardly with respect to the movement of reciprocating platform 41.
As illustrated in Figure 5a, reciprocating platform 41 includes a plurality of annular cylinders 40, each of which has an annular flange 51 formed thereon, which reciprocates within a cylinder defined by spacer plate 52 to form an air spring or air cylinder 42(a) . The cylinder is vented to atmosphere by vents, one of which is illustrated at 53 in Figure 5a to enable air pressure in the air cylinder 42(a) to drive the flange 51 and clamping means 40 downwardly against a stop plate 55 when the air cylinder 42(a) is pressurized. The carriage 50 also includes an upper stop member 56 which defines the upper limit of travel by annular flange 51, and serves as reciprocal bearing support for the clamping means 40. The upper stop member 56 also defines a plurality of air -plenums, one of which is schematically illustrated at 71, which provide air pressure for the air cylinder 42(a).
Air pressure is supplied to plenum 71 by solenoid air valve 72 which is activated by control means 10. As indicated previously, the air pressure supplied to air cylinder 42(a) is variable to generate a clamping force of 0.5 Kgf to 2.0 Kgf on the annular flange 33(a).
As the reciprocating platform 41 is lowered over the pallet 30 and the contact lens molds, the annular clamping means 40 engages the annular flange 33(a) formed on the second or convex mold half to urge it downwardly and clamp it into engagement with mold half 31. The movement of reciprocating platform 41 is defined by the movement of the entire assembly 19 as driven by air cylinder 20.
As illustrated in Figure 5b, the annular clamping cylinder 40 also includes an annular flange 51 which is engaged by a resilient coil spring 42 and driven downwardly, as illustrated in Figure 5b, against stop plate 55. The other end of coil spring 42 is mounted 1 within upper stop plate 56(a). Spacer plate 52 and the upper stop plate 56 provide support and guidance for the vertical reciprocation of clamping members 40.
The clamping member 40 is formed of stainless steel, and optionally the mass of the clamping members may be increased to enable the clamping members to clamp by weight alone, without air or spring assist. However, the combination of the individual reciprocal clamping means 40 and locally driven resilient biasing means enable precise control of the amount of clamping pressure exerted on the plastic flanges 33(a) of the upper mold regardless of the amount of force needed to move the mass of the entire precure assembly 19.
Figures 6-8 are top side and end elevation views of one embodiment of the apparatus for performing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 6-8, the precure assembly -i is mounted on reciprocating support shafts 22 which are journaled for reciprocating motion within support members 23 which are fixably mounted to a frame. Each of the support members 23 include upper and lower bearings or journals 23(a), 23(b) to provide for precision guidance of the reciprocating shafts 22. Shafts 22 are driven by intermediate support frame 21 which is in turn driven by air cylinder 20 as previously described.
The precure assembly 19 is reciprocated vertically with respect to the upper most surface of the conveyor 13 illustrated schematically in Figures 7 and 8.
The precure assembly 19 is supported from an upper support frame 60 from which various operating components are suspended by intermediate support members at each corner generally illustrated at 61, 62 in Figure 7 and 62, 63 in Figure 8. These members suspend the reciprocating platform 41, into which the individual clamping means 40 are fitted for a secondary reciprocation along the same axis. A separate subframe 65 is mounted on platform 41 1 and provides support for the ultraviolet lamps 44 and the ballast members 66 which provide the high voltage for the UV lamps, and the starters 67 which are used to initiate fluorescence. In one embodiment, by way of example, the ballast members may be BTP 30C05S, as manufactured by Philips and the starters may be model S2, as manufactured by Philips. The intermediate support frame 65 may be lifted free from the reciprocating platform 41 by means of a plurality of handles 67 which are mounted via straps 68 to the intermediate support frame 65. Pyrex glass member 100 separates the lamps 44 from the clamping area to protect the lamps from monomer emissions, and to enable the lamps to be cooled, while keeping the precure zone at a temperature of ambient to 50 C to facilitate polymerization. An oxygen detector 69 is also provided to monitor the low oxygen environment maintained within the protective cabinet 14 and an alarm is initiated if the oxygen content rises to an unacceptable level. Shutter 45 is positioned above the reciprocating platform 41 between the UV lamps 44 and the clamping means 40 and is reciprocated between its open and closed position by virtue of air cylinder 46.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 6-8 utilizes the air cylinder or air springs depicted schematically in Figure 5a with an internal common plenum formed in the reciprocating platform 41 by means of passageways in stop plate 56. Thus, each of the 96 clamping members 40 are reciprocated by their respective air cylinders, which are fed from common plenums, one of which is illustrated in Figure 5a as plenum 71 formed in the upper stop plate 56.
Figures 9 and 10 depict a second preferred embodiment for practicing the present invention. As illustrated in Figures 6-8, the first preferred-embodiment reciprocated the UV lamps and clamping members into and 1 out of engagement with the mold halves and pallets carried by conveyor-means 13. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, the UV lamps are stationary, and the pallets are lifted from the conveyor into engagement with the clamping means for the precure period.
The clamping means utilized by the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 utilizes the clamping means previously described with respect to Figure 5b. In this embodiment, a plurality of clamping means 40(a) are mounted above a roller conveyor illustrated in side view in Figure 10 by rollers 80. A plurality of lifting standards 81 are positioned between groups of rollers 80 on centers approximate the width of the pallets 30. In Figure 10, a first row of pallets 30 is depicted resting on rollers 80 with adjoining edges of each of the pallets aligned along the top of the lifting standards 81.
The pallets 30 are aligned in position by means of stop means 83 which is lifted by air cylinder 82 during the loading of the precure apparatus. During loading of the device, the stop means 83 is reciprocated upwardly, and the requisite number of pallets 30 are advanced into the precure apparatus. When 6 pallets in each row have been advanced, a second stop means 84 is lifted by air cylinder 85 to define a limit on x axis travel as illustrated in Figure 10. A separate air cylinder 87 is used in cooperation with stop means 83 to align the adjoining edges of the pallets 30 above the centers of the lifting standards 81. After the pallets have been aligned, the lifting standards 81 are reciprocated upwardly by means of intermediate support frame 88 and a pair of pneumatic motors 90 and 91.
The pallets are reciprocated upwardly to the position illustrated at 30(a) in Figure 10, in which position they engage the clamping member 40(a) as 215"l 34 1 previously described with respect to Figure 5b. Each of 1 the clamping members 40(a) also include a separate independent and resilient spring 42 for driving clamping member 40(a) and the upper mold half against the lower mold half during the precure period.
After the pallets and mold halves have been raised by air cylinders 90, 91, and the first and second mold halves clamped together by means of clamping means 40(a), a reciprocating shutter 45(a) is shifted as illustrated in Figure 3 to align a plurality of openings therein with the central openings formed in the clamping means 40(a) and thereby enable exposure of the monomer in the mold halves by means of actinic light sources 44(a).
The upper precure assembly 19(a) is fixably supported by means of support beams 92 and 93. High voltage ballast means 66(a) and starter 67(a) also initiate and maintain fluorescence within the UV light sourc-e- 44(a). The reciprocal subassembly of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 is mounted on an intermediate support frame 94 which may be raised and lowered by means of pneumatic cylinder 95 to provide for cleaning and servicing of the apparatus, and in particular, the clearing of the individual clamping means 40. Pyrex glass member 101 protects the lamps 44(a) from monomer emissions, and may be removed for clearing. Glass member 101 also divides the apparatus into two temperature zones, enabling cooling of lamps 44(a). The intermediate support frame 94 is guided and aligned with the exposure assembly 19(a) by means of support rods 95, 96 and reciprocal bushing members 97, 98.
The clamping period and the amount of exposure to radiation are controlled by control means 10 in the manner previously described with respect to Figures 3 and 5.
Following the precure of the monomer in mold 1 halves 31,33 the pallets 30 are reciprocated downwardly to the position illustrated in Figure 10 and advanced by conveyor rollers 80 to a subsequent conveyor (not shown) which transports the pallets to the final cure apparatus.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (42)
1. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a clamping member for clamping a first contact lens mold half against a second contact lens mold half at a precure station for a predetermined pressure and time, said first and second mold halves having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween;
(b) a radiant energy source for polymerizing said polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture while said first and second halves are clamped together, wherein said radiant energy source is movable from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture; and (c) a frame for moving said radiant energy source from said first transport position to said second exposure position.
(a) a clamping member for clamping a first contact lens mold half against a second contact lens mold half at a precure station for a predetermined pressure and time, said first and second mold halves having a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture therebetween;
(b) a radiant energy source for polymerizing said polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture while said first and second halves are clamped together, wherein said radiant energy source is movable from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture; and (c) a frame for moving said radiant energy source from said first transport position to said second exposure position.
2. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said apparatus further includes a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens mold halves to and from said precure station.
3. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said monomer or monomer mixture is exposed to a quantity of energy during an exposure step, and said apparatus further comprises a control circuit for controlling the quantity of energy received by said monomer or monomer mixture during said exposure step.
4. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said control circuit controls the duration of said exposure step.
5. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said clamping member includes a reciprocating clamping member positioned between said second mold half and said radiant energy source.
6. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said clamping member is mounted on said frame and resiliently engages said second mold half as said radiant energy source is moved into said second exposure position.
7. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said clamping member includes an annular cylinder having an annular diameter greater than the diameter of the contact lens to be polymerized.
8. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 7, wherein said annular cylinder is biased into engagement with said mold halves.
9. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 8 wherein bias pressure is 0.5 to 2.0 Kgf/lens of clamping force.
10. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said frame includes a fixed mount for a plurality of lamps which emit actinic radiation, said mount being reciprocal from said first transport position to said second exposure position.
11. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 10 wherein said actinic radiation is emitted by a plurality of ultraviolet lamps at 320 to 390 nm.
12. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said transport includes a mold carrier for transporting a plurality of mold halves to said second exposure position.
13. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 12 wherein said transport is intermittently paused when said energy source is moved to said second exposure position.
14. An apparatus for partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 10 wherein each of said plurality of lamps has a longitudinal axis, wherein a plurality of mold halves are aligned with said longitudinal axis during said exposure.
15. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, said method comprising:
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and (d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to said radiation source to polymerize said monomer to a partially cured state.
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and (d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to said radiation source to polymerize said monomer to a partially cured state.
16. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 15 wherein steps a - b are conducted in a low oxygen environment.
17. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 15 wherein said monomer is exposed to an actinic, electron beam or radioactive source of energy.
18. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 17 wherein said source of energy is an ultraviolet lamp.
19. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 18 wherein said monomer is exposed to 2 to 150 mW/cm2 of ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 320 to 390 nm.
20. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 18 wherein said monomer is exposed to 2.4 mW/cm2 of ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 350nm.
21. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 19 wherein said radiation is set for a time period of 1 to seconds.
22. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 20 wherein said radiation step is 20 to 40 seconds.
23. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 15 wherein said mold halves are clamped with a force varied from 0.5 to 2.0 Kgf/per lens.
24. A method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, said method comprising:
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and (d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize said monomer to a cured state.
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame; and (d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize said monomer to a cured state.
25. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a soft contact lens, using an apparatus comprising:
(a) a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds through a precure station, each of said contact lens molds having first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer therebetween;
(b) a clamping member for clamping said first mold half against said second mold half for a predetermined pressure and time;
(c) a radiant energy source for polymerizing said polymerizable monomer while said first and second halves are clamped together; and (d) a control circuit for setting said predetermined pressure and time.
(a) a transport for intermittently transporting a plurality of contact lens molds through a precure station, each of said contact lens molds having first and second mold halves with a polymerizable monomer therebetween;
(b) a clamping member for clamping said first mold half against said second mold half for a predetermined pressure and time;
(c) a radiant energy source for polymerizing said polymerizable monomer while said first and second halves are clamped together; and (d) a control circuit for setting said predetermined pressure and time.
26. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 25 wherein said monomer or monomer mixture is exposed to a quantity of energy during an exposure step, and said control means further comprises a means for varying the quantity of energy received by said monomer during said exposure step.
27. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 25 wherein said control circuit controls the duration of the exposure step.
28. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 25 wherein said clamping member is positioned between said molds and said radiant energy source.
29. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 25, in which said transport is movable from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer.
30. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 29 wherein said clamping member is resiliently mounted and said transport moves said molds into resilient engagement with said clamping member as said molds are moved into said exposure position.
31. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 28 wherein said clamping member includes an annular cylinder having an annular diameter greater than the diameter of the contact lens to be polymerized.
32. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 31 wherein said annular cylinder is resiliently biased into engagement with said mold.
33. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 32 wherein said clamping pressure is 0.5 to 2.0 Kgf/per lens.
34. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 25 wherein said apparatus includes a fixed mount for a plurality of lamps which emit actinic radiation, with said transport being reciprocal from a transport position to an exposure position.
35. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 34 wherein said actinic radiation is emitted by a plurality of ultraviolet lamps at 320 to 390 nm.
36. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 29 wherein said apparatus includes a plurality of clamping members and said transport includes a plurality of mold pallets for transporting a plurality of mold halves to said exposure position.
37. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 36 wherein said pallets means are intermittently reciprocated towards said energy source to said second exposure position.
38. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 36 wherein said transport includes a plurality of lifting standards for raising said pallets into engagement with said plurality of clamping members.
39. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 38 wherein said clamping member includes an annular clamping member positioned between said lifting standards and said radiant energy source.
40. A method of partially curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 39 wherein said clamping member is resiliently biased and moves from an engagement position to an exposure position when clamping said mold halves.
41. A method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture to form a contact lens, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween, each of said mold halves having an annular flange;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure with said annular flanges of said mold halves substantially parallel;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame;
(d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize said monomer to a partially cured state to seal said mold halves together, in alignment, for a subsequent cure step.
(a) depositing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture in a contact lens mold having a first and a second half with said monomer therebetween, each of said mold halves having an annular flange;
(b) clamping said first mold half into engagement with said second mold half with a predetermined pressure with said annular flanges of said mold halves substantially parallel;
(c) moving a radiation source from a first transport position to a second exposure position for polymerizing said monomer or monomer mixture, said radiation source being moved by means of a frame;
(d) exposing said monomer or monomer mixture to radiation to polymerize said monomer to a partially cured state to seal said mold halves together, in alignment, for a subsequent cure step.
42. A method of curing a polymerizable monomer or monomer mixture as claimed in Claim 41 wherein said clamping step forms a clean lens edge for said contact lens.
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| US6068464A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2000-05-30 | Technology Resource International Corporation | Gasket for lens making |
| US5989462A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-11-23 | Q2100, Inc. | Method and composition for producing ultraviolent blocking lenses |
| US6103148A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 2000-08-15 | Technology Resources International Corporation | Method for curing a lens-forming fluid |
| US6511311B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2003-01-28 | Novartis Ag | Lens mold carriers |
| US20040112008A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2004-06-17 | Voss Leslie A. | Heat seal apparatus for lens packages |
| US20070157553A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2007-07-12 | Voss Leslie A | Heat seal apparatus for lens packages |
| US6207086B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2001-03-27 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Method and apparatus for washing or hydration of ophthalmic devices |
| US6419873B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2002-07-16 | Q2100, Inc. | Plastic lens systems, compositions, and methods |
| SE9902131L (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-09 | Nolato Silikonteknik Ab | Method and apparatus for producing an elastic member and component comprising such elastic member |
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-
1995
- 1995-05-29 IL IL11390495A patent/IL113904A0/en unknown
- 1995-06-07 CZ CZ951474A patent/CZ147495A3/en unknown
- 1995-06-08 CA CA002151341A patent/CA2151341C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-08 BR BR9502730A patent/BR9502730A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-09 EP EP95303985A patent/EP0686483B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-09 DE DE69528211T patent/DE69528211T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-09 ZA ZA954802A patent/ZA954802B/en unknown
- 1995-06-09 AT AT95303985T patent/ATE224293T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-09 AU AU20567/95A patent/AU708945B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-06-10 JP JP16812695A patent/JP4094071B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-11-12 US US08/968,670 patent/US5914074A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|
| AU2056795A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
| EP0686483A2 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| BR9502730A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
| ATE224293T1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
| DE69528211D1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
| EP0686483A3 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
| CA2151341A1 (en) | 1995-12-11 |
| CZ147495A3 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| ZA954802B (en) | 1996-12-09 |
| JPH0857977A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
| JP4094071B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| IL113904A0 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| DE69528211T2 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| AU708945B2 (en) | 1999-08-19 |
| US5914074A (en) | 1999-06-22 |
| EP0686483B1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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