CA2150503A1 - Pourable liquid rheological additives and the use thereof - Google Patents
Pourable liquid rheological additives and the use thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA2150503A1 CA2150503A1 CA002150503A CA2150503A CA2150503A1 CA 2150503 A1 CA2150503 A1 CA 2150503A1 CA 002150503 A CA002150503 A CA 002150503A CA 2150503 A CA2150503 A CA 2150503A CA 2150503 A1 CA2150503 A1 CA 2150503A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- systems
- additive
- pourable
- rheological
- rheological additives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D177/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C09D177/08—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from polyamines and polymerised unsaturated fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/34—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids using polymerised unsaturated fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/44—Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D177/00—Coating compositions based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D177/12—Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
Abstract
A liquid, pourable rheological additive especially useful for thickening organic and solvent-based compositions which in one aspect comprises analkoxylated nitrogen - containing compound, polycarboxylic acid, and a functional chain ending unit. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems. including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism toprovide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/272,458 US5510452A (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Pourable liquid polyesteramide rheological additives and the use thererof |
US08/272,458 | 1994-07-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2150503A1 true CA2150503A1 (en) | 1996-01-12 |
CA2150503C CA2150503C (en) | 2002-07-16 |
Family
ID=23039878
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002150503A Expired - Fee Related CA2150503C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1995-05-30 | Pourable liquid rheological additives and the use thereof |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5510452A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0692509B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3854649B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100362127B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2150503C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69523221T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0692509T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2161806T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5516549A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-14 | Morton International, Inc. | Method of applying a striated coating |
WO1997026586A1 (en) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-24 | M.A. Hanna Company | Composition for the manufacture of flexographic printing plates |
US6191083B1 (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2001-02-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing compositions |
GB9613968D0 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1996-09-04 | Procter & Gamble | Cleansing compositions |
US5723653A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-03-03 | Rheox, Inc. | Liquid rheological additives providing rheological properties to non-aqueous systems |
US6043300A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 2000-03-28 | Rheox, Inc. | Liquid rheological additives for non-aqueous systems and non-aqueous systems containing such liquid rheological additives |
US6339048B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2002-01-15 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Oil and oil invert emulsion drilling fluids with improved anti-settling properties |
US6008278A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-12-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Rheology control agents for high solids thermoset coatings |
PL188678B1 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 2005-03-31 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Alkyd resin based thixotropic agent |
US6300390B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2001-10-09 | Kerr Corporation | Dental restorative composite |
US6127450A (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2000-10-03 | Kerr Corporation | Dental restorative composite |
FR2779733B1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2005-03-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | WELL FLUID COMPRISING A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION - METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LUBRICATION OF A WELL FLUID APPLIED TO HIGH PH FLUIDS |
US6350889B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2002-02-26 | Arizona Chemical Company | Ink jet printing compositions containing ester-terminated dimer acid-based oligo (ester/amide) |
FR2796271B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2002-01-11 | Oreal | COMPOSITION WITHOUT WAX STRUCTURED IN A RIGID FORM BY A POLYMER |
FR2796272B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2003-09-19 | Oreal | COMPOSITION WITHOUT WAX STRUCTURED IN A RIGID FORM BY A POLYMER |
DE60019541T2 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2006-03-09 | L'oreal | Structured long-lasting preparation containing a polymer and pasty fatty substances |
FR2804018B1 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2008-07-11 | Oreal | COMPOSITION WITHOUT STRUCTURED TRANSFER IN RIGID FORM BY A POLYMER |
US6402832B1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2002-06-11 | Fleetwood Enterprise, Inc. A Delaware Corporation | Wallboard joint compound |
US6451743B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-09-17 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Stable liquid suspension compositions and method of making and use thereof |
NL1016845C2 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-28 | Topchim N V | Paper coating composition. |
FR2817740B1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2006-08-04 | Oreal | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COLORED COSMETIC COMPOSITION OF CONTROLLED TRANSMITTANCE MAKE-UP |
US8080257B2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2011-12-20 | L'oreal S.A. | Cosmetic compositions containing at least one hetero polymer and at least one film-forming silicone resin and methods of using |
AU2001220877A1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-24 | L'oreal S.A. | Cosmetic composition comprising heteropolymers and a solid substance and method of using same |
AU2002217252A1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-24 | L Oreal | Cosmetic composition comprising a mixture of polymers |
US6835399B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2004-12-28 | L'ORéAL S.A. | Cosmetic composition comprising a polymer blend |
WO2002047623A1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-20 | L'oreal Sa | Composition comprising at least one heteropolymer and at least one inert filler and methods for use |
US20020111330A1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-08-15 | Carlos Pinzon | Compositions containing heteropolymers and methods of using same |
US7276547B2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2007-10-02 | L'oreal S.A. | Compositions comprising heteropolymers and at least one oil-soluble polymers chosen from alkyl celluloses and alkylated guar gums |
FR2817739B1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2005-01-07 | Oreal | TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT COLORED COSMETIC COMPOSITION |
US6881400B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2005-04-19 | L'oreal S.A. | Use of at least one polyamide polymer in a mascara composition for increasing the adhesion of and/or expressly loading make-up deposited on eyelashes |
WO2002047624A1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-20 | L'oreal Sa | Cosmetic compositions containing at least one heteropolymer and at least one gelling agent and methods of using the same |
AU2001225392A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-24 | L Oreal | Composition structured with a polymer containing a heteroatom and an organogelator |
FR2819400B1 (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2004-12-03 | Oreal | COSMETIC COMPOSITION FOR MAKE-UP OR CARE OF KERATINIC MATERIALS INCLUDING A MIXTURE OF POLYMERS |
US7025953B2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2006-04-11 | L'oreal S.A. | Nail polish composition comprising a polymer |
FR2819399B1 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2003-02-21 | Oreal | COSMETIC COMPOSITION CONTAINING POLYMER AND FLUORINATED OIL |
US6545869B2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2003-04-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adjusting fillet geometry to couple a heat spreader to a chip carrier |
US20080233065A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2008-09-25 | Wang Tian X | Stable Cosmetic Emulsion With Polyamide Gelling Agent |
US6716420B2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2004-04-06 | L′Oreal | Methods of use and of making a mascara comprising at least one coloring agent and at least one heteropolymer |
FR2832060B1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-07-09 | Oreal | COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN AMINO ACID N-ACYL ESTER AND A POLYAMIDE-STRUCTURED UV FILTER |
US20080057011A1 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2008-03-06 | L'oreal S.A., | Composition structured with a polymer containing a heteroatom and an Organogelator |
US20030203821A1 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-30 | Fox Kelly B. | Stable liquid suspension compositions and method of making |
US8449870B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2013-05-28 | Color Access, Inc. | Stable cosmetic emulsion with polyamide gelling agent |
US8333956B2 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2012-12-18 | Color Access, Inc. | Stable cosmetic emulsion with polyamide gelling agent |
US20040247549A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-12-09 | L'oreal S.A. | Cosmetic emulsions containing at least one hetero polymer and at least one sunscreen and methods of using the same |
US20040042980A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-03-04 | L'oreal | Cosmetic emulsions containing at least one hetero polymer and at least one sunscreen, and methods of using same |
US20050008598A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | Shaoxiang Lu | Cosmetic compositions comprising a structuring agent, silicone powder and swelling agent |
US7008629B2 (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2006-03-07 | L'ORéAL S.A. | Compositions comprising at least one heteropolymer and fibers, and methods of using the same |
US6908887B2 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2005-06-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Suspending agent |
US20040044124A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-04 | Westvaco Corporation | Rosin-fatty acid vinylic polymer compositions |
US20040102332A1 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-27 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Compositions for drilling fluids useful to provide flat temperature rheology to such fluids over a wide temperature range and drilling fluids containing such compositions |
US7345010B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2008-03-18 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Compositions for drilling fluids useful to provide flat temperature rheology to such fluids over a wide temperature range and drilling fluids containing such compositions |
US7799742B2 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-09-21 | Elementis Specialties Inc. | Equivalent circulating density control in deep water drilling |
US20090163386A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-06-25 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Compositions for drilling fluids useful to produce flat temperature rheology to such fluids over a wide temperature range and drilling fluids containing such compositions |
US20040166133A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-26 | L'oreal | Method of making a mascara composition comprising polyamide polymer and at least one solid substance having a melting point of 45oC or greater |
US7759057B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2010-07-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Method for analyzing microbial communities |
US20060213393A1 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Compositions useful to provide improved rheology and mist control to ink formulations and ink formulations containing such compositions |
DE102005015966A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-19 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Biuret compounds, their preparation and use, and intermediates for their preparation |
US7795337B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2010-09-14 | Elementis Specialties, Inc. | Liquid rheological additive suitable for thickening solvent borne, pigment containing system |
DE102005049301B3 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | New amide-containing polymers useful in a rheology control additive for addition into cured and uncured polymer compositions, e.g. polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyester resins, and alkyd resins |
US7741402B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-06-22 | Rohm And Haas Company | Thickener composition and method for thickening aqueous systems |
EP2215178A4 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2011-05-11 | Elementis Specialties Inc | Thermally stable compositions and use thereof in drilling fluids |
US8822564B2 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2014-09-02 | Kerr Corporation | Dental restorative material |
WO2012163999A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Drier for alkyd resin compositions |
US9034800B2 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-05-19 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Fluid loss additives and methods of making and using same |
US20130288933A1 (en) | 2012-04-30 | 2013-10-31 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Rheology Modifiers |
CN103012180B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Preparation method of organic rheology modifying agent for full-oil-based drilling fluid |
USD757015S1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-05-24 | Google Inc. | Electronic module |
CN104592959A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Enhancer for high-temperature resistant oil-based drilling fluid as well as preparation method and application of enhancer |
US9650525B1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-05-16 | Funai Electric Co., Ltd. | Aqueous ink for ink-jet heads |
US10610471B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2020-04-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cosmetic ink composition comprising a surface tension modifier |
US10813857B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2020-10-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heterogenous cosmetic ink composition for inkjet printing applications |
US10849843B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2020-12-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable cosmetic ink composition |
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US4496708A (en) | 1983-12-14 | 1985-01-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Water-soluble polyurethane comb polymer production |
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DE3526601A1 (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-01-29 | Hoechst Ag | OXALKYLATED POLYESTERAMINE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF |
US4816551A (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1989-03-28 | Mi Drilling Fluids Company | Oil based drilling fluids |
DE3638743A1 (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-05-26 | Hoechst Ag | BRANCHED POLYOXALKYLENE MIXED POLYESTER, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND THEIR USE |
US4778843A (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-10-18 | Nl Chemicals, Inc. | Polyamide rheological additive capped with monocarboxylic acid having olefinic unsaturation or hydroxyl group and containing 16-22 carbon atoms |
US5023309A (en) | 1987-09-18 | 1991-06-11 | Rheox, Inc. | Water dispersible, modified polyurethane thickener with improved high shear viscosity in aqueous systems |
US5034444A (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1991-07-23 | Rheox, Inc. | Rheological additive for coating compositions |
CA1335291C (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1995-04-18 | Han Bo Yun | Rheological additive for coating compositions |
US5091572A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1992-02-25 | Texaco Chemical Company | Amine terminated polyamides |
US5085699A (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1992-02-04 | Westvaco Corporation | Amniopolyester resins as dilution extenders for zinc-containing metal resinate inks |
NZ243136A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1995-06-27 | Rheox Int | Rheological additive comprising the reaction product of a polycarboxylic acid, two different active hydrogen containing compounds and a monocarboxylic capping agent |
-
1994
- 1994-07-11 US US08/272,458 patent/US5510452A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-30 CA CA002150503A patent/CA2150503C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-10 DE DE69523221T patent/DE69523221T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-10 EP EP95110760A patent/EP0692509B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-10 ES ES95110760T patent/ES2161806T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-10 DK DK95110760T patent/DK0692509T3/en active
- 1995-07-10 KR KR1019950020146A patent/KR100362127B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-11 JP JP17527695A patent/JP3854649B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-03 US US08/511,084 patent/US5536871A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0692509B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
JP3854649B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
EP0692509A3 (en) | 1997-07-02 |
US5510452A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
ES2161806T3 (en) | 2001-12-16 |
DK0692509T3 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
DE69523221D1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
EP0692509A2 (en) | 1996-01-17 |
US5536871A (en) | 1996-07-16 |
JPH0867772A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
KR100362127B1 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
CA2150503C (en) | 2002-07-16 |
DE69523221T2 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
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