CA1325061C - Laser diode scanner with improved shock mounting - Google Patents
Laser diode scanner with improved shock mountingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1325061C CA1325061C CA000611468A CA611468A CA1325061C CA 1325061 C CA1325061 C CA 1325061C CA 000611468 A CA000611468 A CA 000611468A CA 611468 A CA611468 A CA 611468A CA 1325061 C CA1325061 C CA 1325061C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- scanning
- indicia
- laser
- head
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SILSDTWXNBZOGF-KUZBFYBWSA-N chembl111058 Chemical compound CCSC(C)CC1CC(O)=C(\C(CC)=N\OC\C=C\Cl)C(=O)C1 SILSDTWXNBZOGF-KUZBFYBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005224 forefinger Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
- G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
- G06K7/10881—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices constructional details of hand-held scanners
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a laser scanning module.
The module is comprised of an optical assembly having a center of mass. The assembly includes a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, a heat sink for conduction the heat away from the diode and an optic unit for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of indicia are located and impinged by the laser beam.
The beam is reflected off the indicia and a portion travels away from the indicia back toward the module. A sensor is provided for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read. A scanning assembly having a center of mass is provided and includes a reciprocally oscillatable scanning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times a second. The mirror directs the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same. The mirror also collects the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directs it to the sensor. A printed circuit board extends between the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment. A unit is provided for shock mounting the assemblies which includes a first pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scanning assembly.
The unit further includes a second pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a second axis which extends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly.
The present invention relates to a laser scanning module.
The module is comprised of an optical assembly having a center of mass. The assembly includes a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, a heat sink for conduction the heat away from the diode and an optic unit for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of indicia are located and impinged by the laser beam.
The beam is reflected off the indicia and a portion travels away from the indicia back toward the module. A sensor is provided for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read. A scanning assembly having a center of mass is provided and includes a reciprocally oscillatable scanning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times a second. The mirror directs the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same. The mirror also collects the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directs it to the sensor. A printed circuit board extends between the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment. A unit is provided for shock mounting the assemblies which includes a first pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scanning assembly.
The unit further includes a second pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a second axis which extends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly.
Description
LASER DIODE SCANNER WITH
- IMPROVED SHOCK MOUNTING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to laser scanning systems for reading indicia having portions of different light reflectivity such as bar code -~:
symbols and, more particularly, to a }ightweight, multi-component, portable laser diode scanning head supportable by a user and aimable at each symbol to be read. Still more particularly, this invention relates to shock mounting the heaviest components in the head at approximately their respective centers of mass. .
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1 32506 ~
- IMPROVED SHOCK MOUNTING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to laser scanning systems for reading indicia having portions of different light reflectivity such as bar code -~:
symbols and, more particularly, to a }ightweight, multi-component, portable laser diode scanning head supportable by a user and aimable at each symbol to be read. Still more particularly, this invention relates to shock mounting the heaviest components in the head at approximately their respective centers of mass. .
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2. Description of Related Art Various optical readers and optical scanning systems have been developed h~retofore to optically read bar code symbols printed on labels affixed to objects in order to identify the objet by optically reading the ~ ;
symbol thereon. The bar code symbol itself is a coded pattern comprised of a series of bars of various widths, and spaced apart from one another to bound spaces of ~-~
various widths, said bars and spaces having different ~
light-reflecting characteristics. Such readers and ;
systems electro-optically decoded the coded patterns to a multiple alpha-numerical digit representation descriptive of the object. Scanning systems of this general type, and components for use in such systems, have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,251,798;
4,360,798; 4,369,361; 4,387,297; 4,593,186; 4,496,831;
4,409,470; 4,460,120; 4j607,156t 4,673,805; 4,736,095;
4,758,717 and 4,760,248; all o~ which have been assigned to the same assignee as the instant application and show the state of the art. ~ -:
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As disclosed in some of the above patents, a particularly advantageous e.mbodiment of such a scanning system resided, inter alia, in optically modifying and directing a laser light beam from a hand-held head which was supported by a user; aiming the head and, in some cases, the laser beam itself at a symbol to be read:
repetitively scanning the laser beam and/or the field of view of a detector across the symbol; detecting the laser light reflected off the symbol during scanning; and decoding the detected reflected light.
A drawback of known hand-held systems involves maintaining the components in the head in an optically aligned relationship even after the head is dropped and subjected to shock. Various shock mounts have heretofore been proposed, but a particular problem exists when a printed circuit board is used as an alignment fixture inside the head, because this type of board is typically thin and flexes when subjected to shock. Such flexing disturbs the optical alignment of components associated with the board.
symbol thereon. The bar code symbol itself is a coded pattern comprised of a series of bars of various widths, and spaced apart from one another to bound spaces of ~-~
various widths, said bars and spaces having different ~
light-reflecting characteristics. Such readers and ;
systems electro-optically decoded the coded patterns to a multiple alpha-numerical digit representation descriptive of the object. Scanning systems of this general type, and components for use in such systems, have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,251,798;
4,360,798; 4,369,361; 4,387,297; 4,593,186; 4,496,831;
4,409,470; 4,460,120; 4j607,156t 4,673,805; 4,736,095;
4,758,717 and 4,760,248; all o~ which have been assigned to the same assignee as the instant application and show the state of the art. ~ -:
, ~:
. :. ::
"' " -.
.,,' .-.' ' . ~:
r~
As disclosed in some of the above patents, a particularly advantageous e.mbodiment of such a scanning system resided, inter alia, in optically modifying and directing a laser light beam from a hand-held head which was supported by a user; aiming the head and, in some cases, the laser beam itself at a symbol to be read:
repetitively scanning the laser beam and/or the field of view of a detector across the symbol; detecting the laser light reflected off the symbol during scanning; and decoding the detected reflected light.
A drawback of known hand-held systems involves maintaining the components in the head in an optically aligned relationship even after the head is dropped and subjected to shock. Various shock mounts have heretofore been proposed, but a particular problem exists when a printed circuit board is used as an alignment fixture inside the head, because this type of board is typically thin and flexes when subjected to shock. Such flexing disturbs the optical alignment of components associated with the board.
-3- ~
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
1. Objects of the Invention It is a general object of this invention to overcome the aforementioned problems and drawbacks of known prior art laser scanning systems.
Another object of this invention is to shock mount the heaviest components in the head at approxl-mately their centers of mass.
Still another object of this invention is to prevent a printed circuit board used for alignment pur-poses from flexing and disturbing the optical alignment when subjected to shock.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a hand-held laser diode scanning head which is lightweight, compact, rugged, non-wrist-and-arm fatigu-ing, and capable of emitting a laser beam visible to the human eye, whereby the vi~ible laser beam can be readily positioned on and across close-in and far-out symbols.
A further object of this invention is to pro-vide a laser diode scanning head capable of reading not only s~mbols in contact with the head, b~t also close-in and far-out symbols.
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1 325û61 2. Features of the Invention In ~eeping with these objects, and others wnich will ~ecome apparent hereinafter; one feature of this invention resides, briefly stated, in a laser scanning system for reading indicia having portions of different light reflectivity, e.g. a bar code symbol having alternating darker bars separated by lighter spaces of variable widths. The system in-cludes a housing, an~ a light scurce means therein for generating an incident laser beam. Advantageously, the light source means comprises a semiconductor laser diode which emits laser light at a wave}ength of about 670 to about 680 nm so that the emitted laser light is at least marginally visi~le to the human eye.
Optic means are also provided in the housing, and are operative for optically forming and directing the incident laser beam along an optical path toward the symbol located within a range of working distances relative to the housing. Laser light is reflected off the symbol. At least a returning portion of the re-flected light travels away from the symbol back toward the housing.
Scanning means, e.g. a scanning motor, having a reciprocally-oscillatable output shaft on which a reflectiAg surface such as a scanning mirror is mounted, 1 32506~
are mounted in the head for scanning the symbol in a scan, and preferably at a plurality of sweeps per second across the symbol in a repetitive manner.
The returning portion of the reflected laser light has a variable light intensity across the symbol dur-ing the scan wh-ch is due, in the case of a bar code symbol, to the different light-reflective character-istics of the bars and spaces which constitute the symbol.
The system also comprises sensor means, e.g.
one or more photodiodes, for detecting the variable light intensity of the returning portion of the re-flected laser light over a field of view, and for gen-erating an electrical signal, typically an analog signal, indicative of the detected variable light intensity.
Signal processing means are provided for processing the analog electrical signal, and usually for processing the same to a digitized electrical sig-nal which can be decoded to data descriptive of the symbol being scanned.
The scanning means is operative for scanning either the incident laser beam itself across the symbol, or the field of view of the sensor means, or both.
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Decode/Control electronic circuitry is sometimes, but not always, provided on-board the hous-ing, but may also ~e located remotely therefrom. Such circuitry is operative for decoding the digitized sig-nal to the aforementioned data, for determining a suc-cessful decoding of the symbol, and for terminating the reading of the symbol upon the determination of the successful decoding thereof. The reading is ini-tiated by actuation of an actuator, typically a manu-ally-actuatable trigger means provided on the housing, and operatively connected to, and operative for actu-ating, the light source means, the scanning means, the sensor means, the signal processlng means, and the decode/control means. The trigger means is actu-ated once for each symbol, each symbol in its respec-tive turn~
In a hand-held application, the housing, also called a laser scanning head, is supported by a user in his or her hand, is aimed at each symbol to be read and, once the symbol is located, the user actuates the trigger means to initiate the reading. The decode/
control means automatically alerts the user when the symbol has been read so that the user can turn his or her atten~ion to the next symbol, and repeat the read-ing procedure.
One feature of this invention is embodied in preventing an optical alignment fixture ~rom flexing when subjected to external forces of the t~pe encoun-tered when the head is dropped on the ground. The laser diode, optical means, sensor means, and a heat sink for the diode together comprise an optical assembly having a center of mass. The scanning motor is part of a scan-ning assembly which likewise has a center of mass.
optical alignment between the optical and scanning as-semblies is provided by a thin printed circuit board supported by, and extending between, the assemblies.
Because of the thin and relatively flexible nature of this board, two pairs of shock mounts are provided for shock-mounting the assemblies relative to the head.
Each pair of shoc~ mounts is aligned along an axis which extends generally through a respective center of the mass of a respective asgembly. By directly shock-mounting the assemblies to the head through their re-spective centers of mass, their heaviest components, e.g~ the scanning motor and the heat sink, will not tend to rotate about the respective axes along which each pair of shock mounts is aligned. The housing will not twist, and the printed circuit board will not flex, thereby reliably ensuring that the assemblies are re-tained in optical alignment.
'. . ". ' '".,. ,". . .' ' . '; ', ~;' ' " ' " ''" ' " ' "' .' ' ' " ' ," ' The novel features which~are co~nsidered as char~cteristic of the invention are set forth in par-ticular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additlonal objects and advan-tages thereof, best will be understood from the follow-ing description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
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1 325~1 FIG. 1 is a front view of a laser scanning head according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the head of FIG. 1 in use, and schematically connected to ..
other components of a laser scanning system;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting vari- :
ous cross-sections of the laser beam emitted by the head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of part of the ~.
optical assembly of PIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the optical assembly ~.
of FIG. 6; ..
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the :~
optical assembly of FIG. 3; and . :
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 9--9 of FIG. 2.
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10 _ -:~ ' , " : ' : '. , ' ' ~ ~ 'f' .' :" : ".. , '. ' . '- , .: .' . ' '. ' ': . . . .
1 3250~1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~30DIMENTS
Referring now to FIGs. 1-4 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 generally identifies a lightweight (}ess than one pound), streamlined, hand-held, fully-portab e, easy-to-manipulate, non-arm-and-wrist fatigu- -ing laser scanning head supportable entirely by a user -~
for use in a laser scanning system operative for read-ing, scanning and/or analyzing symbols, and aimable both prior to, and during, the reading thereof, by the user at the symbols, each symbol in its turn.
The term "symbol", as used herein,~is intended to cover indicia composed of different portions having different light-reflective properties at the wavelength of the light source, e.g. a Laser, being utilized.
The indicia may be the omnipresent Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol, or any of the black and white in-dustrial symbols, e.g. Code 39, Codabar, Interleaved 2 of 5, etc. The indicia may also be any alphabetic and/or numeric characters. The term ~symbol" is also intended to cover indicia located in a background field, wherein the indicia, or at least a portion thereof, have a different light-reflectivity proper~ than that for ~ -the background field. In this latter definition, the ~reading" of the symbol is of particular benefit in the ields of robotics and object recognition.
* trade mark ~ ~.. ; .
Turning now to FIG. 1, the head 10 includes a generally gun-shaped housing having a handle portion 12 of generally rectan~ular cross-section and gener-ally elongated along a handle axis, and a generally horizontally-elongated barrel or body portion 11.
The cross-sectional dimension and overall size of the handle portion 12 is such that the head 10 convenient-ly can fit and be held in a user's hand. The body and handle portions are constituted of a lightweight, re-silient, shock-resistant, self-supporting material, -such as a synthetic plastic material. The plastic housing preferably is injection-molded, but can be vacuum-formed or blow-molded to form a thin, hollow shell which bounds an interior space whose volume mea-sures less than a value on the order of 50 cu~ic inches and, in some applications, the volume is on the order of 25 cubic inches or less. Such specific values are not intended to be self-l~miting, but to provide a general approximation of the overall maximum size and volume of the head 10. The shell is f~rmed of two housing parts 12a, 12b meeting along a generally ver-tical joining line 12c.
As considered in an intended position of use as shown in FIG. 4, the body po,tion 11 has a front prow region or nose having an inclined front wall lla.
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The body port.on 11 also has a rear region or stern having a rear wall llb spaced rearwardly of the in-clined f~ nt wall lla. The body portion 11 also has a top wall llc, a bottom wa}l lld below the top wall llc, and a pair of opposed side walls lle, llf between the top and bottom walls. The front wall lla is sloped relative to the top and bottom walls.
A manually-actuatable, and preferably depres-sible, trigger 13 is mounted on a cantilever ~resil-ient arm 13a for movement relative ~o the head in a forwardly-facing region where the handle and body por-tions meet and where the user's forefinger normally lies when the user grips the handle portion in the intended position of use. The bottom wall lld has a lawer open- `
ing, and the handle 12 has a forwardly-facing slot through which the trigger 13 projects and is moved.
The arm 13a has one end overlying a trigger switch 25 which is switched frcm an open to a clo~ed state upon depression of the trigger 13.
A window 14 is stationarily mounted at the nose and is light-transmissive to allow laser light to pass from the interior to the exterior of the head, and vice versa.
A flexible, non-bulky, coil-type electrical cable 15 with multiple freedoms of movement intercon-nects the head 10 to the remainder of the components 1 32506~
of the laser scanning system, whose operation is ex-plained in greater detail below.
A plurality of components are mounted in the head and, as explained below, at least some of them are actuated by the trigger 13, either directly or indirectly, by means of a control microprocessor.
One of the head components is an actuatable laser light source (see FIGs. 3 and 4), e.g. a semiconductor laser diode 33, operative, when actuated by the trig-ger 13, for propagating and generating an incident laser beam whose light, as explained above, is at least marginally visible to the human eye. The wave-length of the emitted beam is in the range from abo~t 670 nm to about 680 nm. The emitted laser diode beam is highly divergent; diverges differently in different planes parallel and psrpendicular to the longitudinal direction of beam propagation; is non-radially sym-metrical, i.e. anamorphic~ and has a beam cross-section resembling an oval. The diode may be of the continuous wave or pulse type. The diode requixes a low voltage (e.g. 12 v DC or less) supplied by a power regulator and a battery (DC) source which may be provided withi~
the head, or by ~ re-chargeable battery pack accessory detachably mounted on the head, or by a power conductor in the cable 15 connected to the head from an external power supply (e.g. DC source).
~ 325~1 As best shown in FIG. 8, an optical assembly 30 is mounted in the head on a thin, flexible, printed circuit board 16 and adjustably positionèd relative to the same for optically modifying and directing the emitted laser beam along a first optical path 21a, 2}c toward a reference plane which is located exteriorly of the head, either at the nose for reading symbols in contact with the front wall lla, or forwardly of the nose for reading symbols out of contact with the front wall lla. The reference plane lies generally perpen-dicular to the longitudinal direction along which the emitted laser beam propagates. A symbol to be read is located in the vicinity of the reference plane, either at, or at one side, or at an opposite side, of the refer~nce plane; that is, anywhere within the depth of field of the optically modified laser beam and within a range of working distances as measured rela-tive to the head. The laser beam reflects off the symbol as a specular component in one direction and as a scattered component in many directions, and that portion of the scattered laser light which travels along a second optical path 21c and 21b away from the symbol back toward the head is-known herein as the returning portion which, of course, also is at least marginally visible to the user.
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As best shown in FIG. 8, the optical assembly includes an elongated, cylindrical optical tube 34 having at one end region a cyiindrical bore in which an annular casing portion of the diode 33 is snugly received to hold the diode in a fixed position, and at the opposite end region of the optical tube 34 a lens barrel 35 is mounted for longitudinal movement.
The lens barrel 35 includes an aperture stop 45,block-ing wall portions 44 surrounding and bounding the aper-ture stop, and cylindrical side wall portions 46 which bound an interior space.
The optical assembly further includes a focus-ing lens 32, e.g. a plano-convex lens, located within the interior space of the side wall portions 46 in the first optical path, and operative (with the ~top~ for focusing the emitted laser beam at the reference plane. The aper- ;
ture stop 45 may be located on either side of the lens 32, but preferably on the down~tream side~ A biasing means or tensioned coil spring 47 i9 located wlthin the optical tube, and has one co~l end bearing against a casing portion of the diode, and another coil end bearing against a planar side of the lens 32. The spring constantly urges.the lens against the bloc~ing wall portions, thereby fixedly }ocatlng the lens rela-tive to the aperture stop. The Iens and aperture stop are jointly moved when the lens barrel is longitudinally moved. The side wall portions are initially received in a threaded or sliding relationship with an inner circu~ferential wall bounding the optical tube, and are thereupon fixed, e.g. by glueing or clamping, to the inner circumferential wall when a desired longi-tudinal spacing between the lens and the aperture stop on the one hand, and the diode on the other hand, has been obtained. The longitudinal movement between the side wall portions and the inr.er circumferential wall of the tube constitutes an adjustable positioning means ~ r the lens and the aperture stop, and the fix-ing in position of the lens and the aperture stop re-lative to the diode constitutes a means for fixedly locating the lens and the aperture StDp at a predeter-mined spacing from the diode.
The aperture stop has a cross-section which is, as explained below, about egual to the cross-sec-tion of the emitted laser beam at the aperture stop, thereby permitting a major portion of the emitted laser beam to pass through the aperture stop downstream along the first optical path en route to the symbol. The aperture stop cross-section preferably is rectangular or oval, in which case, the longer dimension of the rectangular or oval cross-section is aligned with the larger divergence angle of the laser beam to transmit more energy to the symbol.
, -` 1 32506 1 The optical assembly includes an optical blocX 50 having a front portion 52 and a rear portion 54 together bounding an interior in which the diode 33, optical tube 34, lens barrel 35 ar.d the aforementioned components contained therein are received. A heat sink 31 is mounted in intimate thermal contact with the diode to conduct heat away from the same. An ele-vation adjustment means, including at least one thread-ed element 56, passes with clearance through aligned holes formed respectively in the heat sink and the rear portion 54, and is threaded into a threaded bore formed in the front portion 52. A hinge 58 is advantageously -realized by providing a thin, flexible, weakened zone in the optical block between the front and rear portions thereof~ The front portion 52 is stationarily mounted on the board 16 by anchors 59. The diode, tube, barrel and the components contained therein are mounted on the rear portion for movement therewith. Upon turning the element 56 in either c$rcumfercntial direction about an axis along which the element 56 extends, the rear por-tion and all the components supported thereon will be angularly moved about the hinge 58 relative to the stationary front portion, thereby raising or lowering the emitted light beam which exits the block 50 through ~-a clearance passage 60 which is dimensioned so as not to block`the beam throughout its angular range of adjustment.
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The laser beam that passes through the pas-sage 60 is directed rearwardly by the optical assembly aLong path 21a within the head to a generally planar scanning mirror 19b for reflection therefrom. The scanning mirror l9b forwardly reflects the laser beam impinging thereon along path 21c through the forwardly- -facing, laser-light-transmissive window 14 and to the -~
sym~ol. As best shown in FIG. 5, a representative symbol 100 in the vicinity of the reference plane 102 is shown and, in the case of a bar code symbol, is com-prised of a series of vertical bars spaced apart of one another a~ong a longitudinal direction. A laser beam spot is focused on the symbol. When the scanning mirror is, as explained below, reciprocally and repeti-tively oscillated transversely to sweep the laser beamlengthwise across all the bars of the symbol, a linear scan is generated. The linear scan can be located any- -where along the height of the bars provided that all the bars are swept. The length o~ the linear scan is 20 longer than the length of the longest symbol expected -to be read and, in a preferred case, the linear scan is on the order of 3 inches at the reference plane. ~-The scanning mirror l9b is mounted on a scan- -ning means, preferably a high-speed scanner motor 24 of the type shown and described in U. S . Pat. No.
"0, ; -1 3250~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
1. Objects of the Invention It is a general object of this invention to overcome the aforementioned problems and drawbacks of known prior art laser scanning systems.
Another object of this invention is to shock mount the heaviest components in the head at approxl-mately their centers of mass.
Still another object of this invention is to prevent a printed circuit board used for alignment pur-poses from flexing and disturbing the optical alignment when subjected to shock.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a hand-held laser diode scanning head which is lightweight, compact, rugged, non-wrist-and-arm fatigu-ing, and capable of emitting a laser beam visible to the human eye, whereby the vi~ible laser beam can be readily positioned on and across close-in and far-out symbols.
A further object of this invention is to pro-vide a laser diode scanning head capable of reading not only s~mbols in contact with the head, b~t also close-in and far-out symbols.
: ' . . '. ' " ~. ' " . ' .,' :', ': ' ' .. ,': ' . '. . " ~ . ' ,' .
1 325û61 2. Features of the Invention In ~eeping with these objects, and others wnich will ~ecome apparent hereinafter; one feature of this invention resides, briefly stated, in a laser scanning system for reading indicia having portions of different light reflectivity, e.g. a bar code symbol having alternating darker bars separated by lighter spaces of variable widths. The system in-cludes a housing, an~ a light scurce means therein for generating an incident laser beam. Advantageously, the light source means comprises a semiconductor laser diode which emits laser light at a wave}ength of about 670 to about 680 nm so that the emitted laser light is at least marginally visi~le to the human eye.
Optic means are also provided in the housing, and are operative for optically forming and directing the incident laser beam along an optical path toward the symbol located within a range of working distances relative to the housing. Laser light is reflected off the symbol. At least a returning portion of the re-flected light travels away from the symbol back toward the housing.
Scanning means, e.g. a scanning motor, having a reciprocally-oscillatable output shaft on which a reflectiAg surface such as a scanning mirror is mounted, 1 32506~
are mounted in the head for scanning the symbol in a scan, and preferably at a plurality of sweeps per second across the symbol in a repetitive manner.
The returning portion of the reflected laser light has a variable light intensity across the symbol dur-ing the scan wh-ch is due, in the case of a bar code symbol, to the different light-reflective character-istics of the bars and spaces which constitute the symbol.
The system also comprises sensor means, e.g.
one or more photodiodes, for detecting the variable light intensity of the returning portion of the re-flected laser light over a field of view, and for gen-erating an electrical signal, typically an analog signal, indicative of the detected variable light intensity.
Signal processing means are provided for processing the analog electrical signal, and usually for processing the same to a digitized electrical sig-nal which can be decoded to data descriptive of the symbol being scanned.
The scanning means is operative for scanning either the incident laser beam itself across the symbol, or the field of view of the sensor means, or both.
_ 6_ .. : . ` .:: ~ .. . ..
1 325;~;6~
Decode/Control electronic circuitry is sometimes, but not always, provided on-board the hous-ing, but may also ~e located remotely therefrom. Such circuitry is operative for decoding the digitized sig-nal to the aforementioned data, for determining a suc-cessful decoding of the symbol, and for terminating the reading of the symbol upon the determination of the successful decoding thereof. The reading is ini-tiated by actuation of an actuator, typically a manu-ally-actuatable trigger means provided on the housing, and operatively connected to, and operative for actu-ating, the light source means, the scanning means, the sensor means, the signal processlng means, and the decode/control means. The trigger means is actu-ated once for each symbol, each symbol in its respec-tive turn~
In a hand-held application, the housing, also called a laser scanning head, is supported by a user in his or her hand, is aimed at each symbol to be read and, once the symbol is located, the user actuates the trigger means to initiate the reading. The decode/
control means automatically alerts the user when the symbol has been read so that the user can turn his or her atten~ion to the next symbol, and repeat the read-ing procedure.
One feature of this invention is embodied in preventing an optical alignment fixture ~rom flexing when subjected to external forces of the t~pe encoun-tered when the head is dropped on the ground. The laser diode, optical means, sensor means, and a heat sink for the diode together comprise an optical assembly having a center of mass. The scanning motor is part of a scan-ning assembly which likewise has a center of mass.
optical alignment between the optical and scanning as-semblies is provided by a thin printed circuit board supported by, and extending between, the assemblies.
Because of the thin and relatively flexible nature of this board, two pairs of shock mounts are provided for shock-mounting the assemblies relative to the head.
Each pair of shoc~ mounts is aligned along an axis which extends generally through a respective center of the mass of a respective asgembly. By directly shock-mounting the assemblies to the head through their re-spective centers of mass, their heaviest components, e.g~ the scanning motor and the heat sink, will not tend to rotate about the respective axes along which each pair of shock mounts is aligned. The housing will not twist, and the printed circuit board will not flex, thereby reliably ensuring that the assemblies are re-tained in optical alignment.
'. . ". ' '".,. ,". . .' ' . '; ', ~;' ' " ' " ''" ' " ' "' .' ' ' " ' ," ' The novel features which~are co~nsidered as char~cteristic of the invention are set forth in par-ticular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additlonal objects and advan-tages thereof, best will be understood from the follow-ing description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
.
1 325~1 FIG. 1 is a front view of a laser scanning head according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the head of FIG. 1 in use, and schematically connected to ..
other components of a laser scanning system;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting vari- :
ous cross-sections of the laser beam emitted by the head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of part of the ~.
optical assembly of PIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the optical assembly ~.
of FIG. 6; ..
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the :~
optical assembly of FIG. 3; and . :
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 9--9 of FIG. 2.
,...
10 _ -:~ ' , " : ' : '. , ' ' ~ ~ 'f' .' :" : ".. , '. ' . '- , .: .' . ' '. ' ': . . . .
1 3250~1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EM~30DIMENTS
Referring now to FIGs. 1-4 of the drawings, reference numeral 10 generally identifies a lightweight (}ess than one pound), streamlined, hand-held, fully-portab e, easy-to-manipulate, non-arm-and-wrist fatigu- -ing laser scanning head supportable entirely by a user -~
for use in a laser scanning system operative for read-ing, scanning and/or analyzing symbols, and aimable both prior to, and during, the reading thereof, by the user at the symbols, each symbol in its turn.
The term "symbol", as used herein,~is intended to cover indicia composed of different portions having different light-reflective properties at the wavelength of the light source, e.g. a Laser, being utilized.
The indicia may be the omnipresent Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol, or any of the black and white in-dustrial symbols, e.g. Code 39, Codabar, Interleaved 2 of 5, etc. The indicia may also be any alphabetic and/or numeric characters. The term ~symbol" is also intended to cover indicia located in a background field, wherein the indicia, or at least a portion thereof, have a different light-reflectivity proper~ than that for ~ -the background field. In this latter definition, the ~reading" of the symbol is of particular benefit in the ields of robotics and object recognition.
* trade mark ~ ~.. ; .
Turning now to FIG. 1, the head 10 includes a generally gun-shaped housing having a handle portion 12 of generally rectan~ular cross-section and gener-ally elongated along a handle axis, and a generally horizontally-elongated barrel or body portion 11.
The cross-sectional dimension and overall size of the handle portion 12 is such that the head 10 convenient-ly can fit and be held in a user's hand. The body and handle portions are constituted of a lightweight, re-silient, shock-resistant, self-supporting material, -such as a synthetic plastic material. The plastic housing preferably is injection-molded, but can be vacuum-formed or blow-molded to form a thin, hollow shell which bounds an interior space whose volume mea-sures less than a value on the order of 50 cu~ic inches and, in some applications, the volume is on the order of 25 cubic inches or less. Such specific values are not intended to be self-l~miting, but to provide a general approximation of the overall maximum size and volume of the head 10. The shell is f~rmed of two housing parts 12a, 12b meeting along a generally ver-tical joining line 12c.
As considered in an intended position of use as shown in FIG. 4, the body po,tion 11 has a front prow region or nose having an inclined front wall lla.
.
'''~
1 32506~
The body port.on 11 also has a rear region or stern having a rear wall llb spaced rearwardly of the in-clined f~ nt wall lla. The body portion 11 also has a top wall llc, a bottom wa}l lld below the top wall llc, and a pair of opposed side walls lle, llf between the top and bottom walls. The front wall lla is sloped relative to the top and bottom walls.
A manually-actuatable, and preferably depres-sible, trigger 13 is mounted on a cantilever ~resil-ient arm 13a for movement relative ~o the head in a forwardly-facing region where the handle and body por-tions meet and where the user's forefinger normally lies when the user grips the handle portion in the intended position of use. The bottom wall lld has a lawer open- `
ing, and the handle 12 has a forwardly-facing slot through which the trigger 13 projects and is moved.
The arm 13a has one end overlying a trigger switch 25 which is switched frcm an open to a clo~ed state upon depression of the trigger 13.
A window 14 is stationarily mounted at the nose and is light-transmissive to allow laser light to pass from the interior to the exterior of the head, and vice versa.
A flexible, non-bulky, coil-type electrical cable 15 with multiple freedoms of movement intercon-nects the head 10 to the remainder of the components 1 32506~
of the laser scanning system, whose operation is ex-plained in greater detail below.
A plurality of components are mounted in the head and, as explained below, at least some of them are actuated by the trigger 13, either directly or indirectly, by means of a control microprocessor.
One of the head components is an actuatable laser light source (see FIGs. 3 and 4), e.g. a semiconductor laser diode 33, operative, when actuated by the trig-ger 13, for propagating and generating an incident laser beam whose light, as explained above, is at least marginally visible to the human eye. The wave-length of the emitted beam is in the range from abo~t 670 nm to about 680 nm. The emitted laser diode beam is highly divergent; diverges differently in different planes parallel and psrpendicular to the longitudinal direction of beam propagation; is non-radially sym-metrical, i.e. anamorphic~ and has a beam cross-section resembling an oval. The diode may be of the continuous wave or pulse type. The diode requixes a low voltage (e.g. 12 v DC or less) supplied by a power regulator and a battery (DC) source which may be provided withi~
the head, or by ~ re-chargeable battery pack accessory detachably mounted on the head, or by a power conductor in the cable 15 connected to the head from an external power supply (e.g. DC source).
~ 325~1 As best shown in FIG. 8, an optical assembly 30 is mounted in the head on a thin, flexible, printed circuit board 16 and adjustably positionèd relative to the same for optically modifying and directing the emitted laser beam along a first optical path 21a, 2}c toward a reference plane which is located exteriorly of the head, either at the nose for reading symbols in contact with the front wall lla, or forwardly of the nose for reading symbols out of contact with the front wall lla. The reference plane lies generally perpen-dicular to the longitudinal direction along which the emitted laser beam propagates. A symbol to be read is located in the vicinity of the reference plane, either at, or at one side, or at an opposite side, of the refer~nce plane; that is, anywhere within the depth of field of the optically modified laser beam and within a range of working distances as measured rela-tive to the head. The laser beam reflects off the symbol as a specular component in one direction and as a scattered component in many directions, and that portion of the scattered laser light which travels along a second optical path 21c and 21b away from the symbol back toward the head is-known herein as the returning portion which, of course, also is at least marginally visible to the user.
. .
1 32506 1 .. `
As best shown in FIG. 8, the optical assembly includes an elongated, cylindrical optical tube 34 having at one end region a cyiindrical bore in which an annular casing portion of the diode 33 is snugly received to hold the diode in a fixed position, and at the opposite end region of the optical tube 34 a lens barrel 35 is mounted for longitudinal movement.
The lens barrel 35 includes an aperture stop 45,block-ing wall portions 44 surrounding and bounding the aper-ture stop, and cylindrical side wall portions 46 which bound an interior space.
The optical assembly further includes a focus-ing lens 32, e.g. a plano-convex lens, located within the interior space of the side wall portions 46 in the first optical path, and operative (with the ~top~ for focusing the emitted laser beam at the reference plane. The aper- ;
ture stop 45 may be located on either side of the lens 32, but preferably on the down~tream side~ A biasing means or tensioned coil spring 47 i9 located wlthin the optical tube, and has one co~l end bearing against a casing portion of the diode, and another coil end bearing against a planar side of the lens 32. The spring constantly urges.the lens against the bloc~ing wall portions, thereby fixedly }ocatlng the lens rela-tive to the aperture stop. The Iens and aperture stop are jointly moved when the lens barrel is longitudinally moved. The side wall portions are initially received in a threaded or sliding relationship with an inner circu~ferential wall bounding the optical tube, and are thereupon fixed, e.g. by glueing or clamping, to the inner circumferential wall when a desired longi-tudinal spacing between the lens and the aperture stop on the one hand, and the diode on the other hand, has been obtained. The longitudinal movement between the side wall portions and the inr.er circumferential wall of the tube constitutes an adjustable positioning means ~ r the lens and the aperture stop, and the fix-ing in position of the lens and the aperture stop re-lative to the diode constitutes a means for fixedly locating the lens and the aperture StDp at a predeter-mined spacing from the diode.
The aperture stop has a cross-section which is, as explained below, about egual to the cross-sec-tion of the emitted laser beam at the aperture stop, thereby permitting a major portion of the emitted laser beam to pass through the aperture stop downstream along the first optical path en route to the symbol. The aperture stop cross-section preferably is rectangular or oval, in which case, the longer dimension of the rectangular or oval cross-section is aligned with the larger divergence angle of the laser beam to transmit more energy to the symbol.
, -` 1 32506 1 The optical assembly includes an optical blocX 50 having a front portion 52 and a rear portion 54 together bounding an interior in which the diode 33, optical tube 34, lens barrel 35 ar.d the aforementioned components contained therein are received. A heat sink 31 is mounted in intimate thermal contact with the diode to conduct heat away from the same. An ele-vation adjustment means, including at least one thread-ed element 56, passes with clearance through aligned holes formed respectively in the heat sink and the rear portion 54, and is threaded into a threaded bore formed in the front portion 52. A hinge 58 is advantageously -realized by providing a thin, flexible, weakened zone in the optical block between the front and rear portions thereof~ The front portion 52 is stationarily mounted on the board 16 by anchors 59. The diode, tube, barrel and the components contained therein are mounted on the rear portion for movement therewith. Upon turning the element 56 in either c$rcumfercntial direction about an axis along which the element 56 extends, the rear por-tion and all the components supported thereon will be angularly moved about the hinge 58 relative to the stationary front portion, thereby raising or lowering the emitted light beam which exits the block 50 through ~-a clearance passage 60 which is dimensioned so as not to block`the beam throughout its angular range of adjustment.
18_ 1 32506~
The laser beam that passes through the pas-sage 60 is directed rearwardly by the optical assembly aLong path 21a within the head to a generally planar scanning mirror 19b for reflection therefrom. The scanning mirror l9b forwardly reflects the laser beam impinging thereon along path 21c through the forwardly- -facing, laser-light-transmissive window 14 and to the -~
sym~ol. As best shown in FIG. 5, a representative symbol 100 in the vicinity of the reference plane 102 is shown and, in the case of a bar code symbol, is com-prised of a series of vertical bars spaced apart of one another a~ong a longitudinal direction. A laser beam spot is focused on the symbol. When the scanning mirror is, as explained below, reciprocally and repeti-tively oscillated transversely to sweep the laser beamlengthwise across all the bars of the symbol, a linear scan is generated. The linear scan can be located any- -where along the height of the bars provided that all the bars are swept. The length o~ the linear scan is 20 longer than the length of the longest symbol expected -to be read and, in a preferred case, the linear scan is on the order of 3 inches at the reference plane. ~-The scanning mirror l9b is mounted on a scan- -ning means, preferably a high-speed scanner motor 24 of the type shown and described in U. S . Pat. No.
4,387,397. -_lg_ , ~`or the purposes of this application, it is believed to be sufficient to point out that the scanner motor 24 has an output shaft 104 on which a support bracket 19 is fixedly mounted. The scanning mirror is fixedly mounted on the bracket. The motor is driven to reciprocally and repetitively oscillate the shaft in alternate circumferential directions over arc lengths of any desired size, typically less than 360, and at a rate of speed on the order of a plurality of oscillations per second. In a preferred embodiment, the scanning mirror and the shaft jointly are oscillated so that the scanning mirror repetitively sweeps the laser diode beam impinging thereon through an angular distance or arc length at the reference ~-plane of about 32 and at a rate of about 20 scans or 40 -~-oscillations per second.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the returning portion of the scattered component of the reflected laser light has a variable light intensity, due to the different light-reflective properties of the various parts that comprise the symbol 100, over the symbol during the scan. The returning portion of the reflected laser light is collected by a generally concave, spherical collecting mirror l9a, and is a broad conical stream of light in a conical collecting volume centered on , ..~, ! ~ ~
path ~lc. The collecting mirror i9a reflects the col-lected conical light into the head along path 21b thxough a laser-light-transmissive elemen~ 106 to a sensor means, e.g. a photosensor 17. The photosensor 17, preferably a photodicie, detects the variable in-tensity of the collected laser light over a field of view which extends along, and preferably beyond, the linear scan, and generates an electrical analog signal indicative of the detected variable light intensity.
The photosensor "sees" a collection zone on the symbol~ The aforementioned angular adjustment means ensures that the emitted laser beam impinges on the symbol at the collection zone when the laser spot impinges on the symbol.
The collecting mirror l9a is also mounted on the support bracket 19 and,when the scanning mirror is actuated by the trigger, the collecting mirror is re-ciprocally and repetitively oscillated transversely, sweeping the field of view of the photodiode lcngth-wise across the symbol in a linear scan.
The scanning mirror and the collecting mirror aret in a preferred embodiment, of one-piece construc-tion, but the scanning mirror can also be a discrete, small, planar mirror attached by glue, or molded in place, at the correct position and angle on a discrete, front surfaced, silvered concave mirror. The concave - - ~ ~, ~ . . - - . ; . . ' .
-: : ' .. . ~ ' . . - ~ .. - . : : . . ': ': . :
' .,' :-': ,: ' ": ~ ' '~ :' - ' ' . '- - : : : ~ ,- :: . , . ',: . ' : ' - 1 3250~1 collecting mirror serves to collect the returning portion of the laser light and to focus the same on the photodiode.
Also mounted in the head are various electrical subcircuits mounted on board 16. For example, signal processing means on board 16 are operative for processing -~ the analog electrical signal generated by the sensor, and : .
for generating a digitized video signal. Data descriptive of the symbol can be derived from the video siynal. Suitable signal processing means for this purpose was described in U.S. Patent No. 4,251,798.
Component 39 on board 16 constitutes drive circuitry for the scanner motor, and suitable motor drive circuitry for this purpose was described in U.S. Patent No. 4,387,297.
Component 40 on board 16 is a voltage converter for converting the incoming voltage to one suitable for energizing the laser diode 33.
The digitized video signal is conducted, in one embodiment, along cable 15 to decode/control means 101 (see FIG. 4) operative for decoding the digitized video signal to a digitized decoded signal from which the desired data descriptive of the symbol is obtained, in accordance with an algorithm contained in a software ~ - .
' " .
control program. The decode/control means includes a PROM for holding the control program, a RAM for temp-orary data storage, and a control micropr~ocessor for controlling the PROM and R~. The decode/control means determines when a successful decoding of the symbol has been obtained, and also terminates the reading of the symbol upon the determination of the successful decod-ing thereof. The initiation of the reading is caused by depression of the trigger. The decode/control means also includes control circuitry for contro}ling the -actuation of the actuatable components in the head, as initiated by the trigger, as well as for communicat-ing with the user that the reading has been automatic-ally terminated as, for example, by sending control -signals to indicator lamps 36, 37 to illuminate the same.
The decoded signal is conducted to a remote, host computer 103 which serves essentially as a large data base, stores the decoded signal and, in some cases, provides information related to the decoded signal.
For example, the host computer can provide retail price information corresponding to the objects identified by their decoded symbols.
In another em~odiment, the decode/control means and a local data storage means are mounted on another printed circuit board 2~ in the handle portion, and store multiple decoded signals which have been read.
- ' ' : : -:':: :, .' ' ' ''::' . ' ; '.' ~ ' . . ' . " " ~' . . ' ;'. . '' The stored decoded signals thereupon can be unloaded to a remote host computer. By providing the local data storage means, the use of the cable during the reading of the symbols can be eliminated -- a feature which is very desirable in making the head as freely manipulatable as possible. A beeper 28 is also op-tionally mounted on board 27 so that the user can hear through a por.t 29 in the handle when a symbol has been successfully read~
The assembly at the forward end of the board 16, including the optical block 50, the heat sink 31,~
the laser diode 33 and its associated optics, together with the photodetector 17, has a center of mass which approximately extends along an axis which is co-linear with an axis along which front shock mounts 23b, 23d extend (see FIG. 2). The assembly at the rear end of the board 16, including the scanning motor 24, the collecting and scanning mirrors on bracket 19, the arm 20, the diode 22a and receiver 22b also has a center of mass which approximately extends alang an axis which is co-linear with an axis along which rear shock mounts 23a, 23c extend. By so position-ing the heaviest components in the head, namely, the heat sink and the scanning motor, on, or close to, these shock mounting axes, the tendency of the heat sink and the scanning motor to turn around the shock mounting axes is minimized, thereby resisting the ten-dency of the head from twisting a~d the tendency of the optical and scanning assemblies from moving out of optical alignment in the event that the head is dropped.
The board 16 has no support function, but serves as an alignment fixture.
The laser scanning head of FIG. 2 is of the retro-refle~tive type wherein the outgoing incident ~' laser beam, as well as 'the field of view of the sensor means, are scanned. It will ~e readily underqtood that ' other variants also are within the spirit of th~s in-~ention. For example, the outgoing incident laser beam can be directed to, and swept across, the symbol through one window on ~he head, while the field'of view is not scanned and ~he returning laser light is collected through another window on the head. Also, the outgoing incident~beam can be directed to, but not swept across, the symbol, while the field of view is scanned.
-25_ The head herein need not be hand-held, but can -be incorporated in a desk-top, stand-alone workstation in which the symbol is passed underneath an overhead window or port through which the outgoing beam is directed. .
Although the workstation itself is stationary during scanning, the symbol is movable relative to the workstation and must be registered with the outgoing beam and, for this purpose, the enhanced visibility laser beam described herein is advantageous. Also, the head may further include deactivation apparatus for changing the -state of a surveillance device associated with a tag or ~-label on which the symbol is provided. ~
. :
It will be understood that each of the ele-ments described above, or two or more together, also may find a useful application~in other types of con-structions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a laser diode scanner with Lmproved shock mo~nting, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural chan~es may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that~ from the standpoint of prior art, fairly consti- -tute essential characteristics of the generic or speci-fic aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adap~ations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the ~ -following claims.
What is claimed os new and desired to be pro~
~ected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims .. , ~ . . . - ' , ~, . '
Referring again to FIG. 2, the returning portion of the scattered component of the reflected laser light has a variable light intensity, due to the different light-reflective properties of the various parts that comprise the symbol 100, over the symbol during the scan. The returning portion of the reflected laser light is collected by a generally concave, spherical collecting mirror l9a, and is a broad conical stream of light in a conical collecting volume centered on , ..~, ! ~ ~
path ~lc. The collecting mirror i9a reflects the col-lected conical light into the head along path 21b thxough a laser-light-transmissive elemen~ 106 to a sensor means, e.g. a photosensor 17. The photosensor 17, preferably a photodicie, detects the variable in-tensity of the collected laser light over a field of view which extends along, and preferably beyond, the linear scan, and generates an electrical analog signal indicative of the detected variable light intensity.
The photosensor "sees" a collection zone on the symbol~ The aforementioned angular adjustment means ensures that the emitted laser beam impinges on the symbol at the collection zone when the laser spot impinges on the symbol.
The collecting mirror l9a is also mounted on the support bracket 19 and,when the scanning mirror is actuated by the trigger, the collecting mirror is re-ciprocally and repetitively oscillated transversely, sweeping the field of view of the photodiode lcngth-wise across the symbol in a linear scan.
The scanning mirror and the collecting mirror aret in a preferred embodiment, of one-piece construc-tion, but the scanning mirror can also be a discrete, small, planar mirror attached by glue, or molded in place, at the correct position and angle on a discrete, front surfaced, silvered concave mirror. The concave - - ~ ~, ~ . . - - . ; . . ' .
-: : ' .. . ~ ' . . - ~ .. - . : : . . ': ': . :
' .,' :-': ,: ' ": ~ ' '~ :' - ' ' . '- - : : : ~ ,- :: . , . ',: . ' : ' - 1 3250~1 collecting mirror serves to collect the returning portion of the laser light and to focus the same on the photodiode.
Also mounted in the head are various electrical subcircuits mounted on board 16. For example, signal processing means on board 16 are operative for processing -~ the analog electrical signal generated by the sensor, and : .
for generating a digitized video signal. Data descriptive of the symbol can be derived from the video siynal. Suitable signal processing means for this purpose was described in U.S. Patent No. 4,251,798.
Component 39 on board 16 constitutes drive circuitry for the scanner motor, and suitable motor drive circuitry for this purpose was described in U.S. Patent No. 4,387,297.
Component 40 on board 16 is a voltage converter for converting the incoming voltage to one suitable for energizing the laser diode 33.
The digitized video signal is conducted, in one embodiment, along cable 15 to decode/control means 101 (see FIG. 4) operative for decoding the digitized video signal to a digitized decoded signal from which the desired data descriptive of the symbol is obtained, in accordance with an algorithm contained in a software ~ - .
' " .
control program. The decode/control means includes a PROM for holding the control program, a RAM for temp-orary data storage, and a control micropr~ocessor for controlling the PROM and R~. The decode/control means determines when a successful decoding of the symbol has been obtained, and also terminates the reading of the symbol upon the determination of the successful decod-ing thereof. The initiation of the reading is caused by depression of the trigger. The decode/control means also includes control circuitry for contro}ling the -actuation of the actuatable components in the head, as initiated by the trigger, as well as for communicat-ing with the user that the reading has been automatic-ally terminated as, for example, by sending control -signals to indicator lamps 36, 37 to illuminate the same.
The decoded signal is conducted to a remote, host computer 103 which serves essentially as a large data base, stores the decoded signal and, in some cases, provides information related to the decoded signal.
For example, the host computer can provide retail price information corresponding to the objects identified by their decoded symbols.
In another em~odiment, the decode/control means and a local data storage means are mounted on another printed circuit board 2~ in the handle portion, and store multiple decoded signals which have been read.
- ' ' : : -:':: :, .' ' ' ''::' . ' ; '.' ~ ' . . ' . " " ~' . . ' ;'. . '' The stored decoded signals thereupon can be unloaded to a remote host computer. By providing the local data storage means, the use of the cable during the reading of the symbols can be eliminated -- a feature which is very desirable in making the head as freely manipulatable as possible. A beeper 28 is also op-tionally mounted on board 27 so that the user can hear through a por.t 29 in the handle when a symbol has been successfully read~
The assembly at the forward end of the board 16, including the optical block 50, the heat sink 31,~
the laser diode 33 and its associated optics, together with the photodetector 17, has a center of mass which approximately extends along an axis which is co-linear with an axis along which front shock mounts 23b, 23d extend (see FIG. 2). The assembly at the rear end of the board 16, including the scanning motor 24, the collecting and scanning mirrors on bracket 19, the arm 20, the diode 22a and receiver 22b also has a center of mass which approximately extends alang an axis which is co-linear with an axis along which rear shock mounts 23a, 23c extend. By so position-ing the heaviest components in the head, namely, the heat sink and the scanning motor, on, or close to, these shock mounting axes, the tendency of the heat sink and the scanning motor to turn around the shock mounting axes is minimized, thereby resisting the ten-dency of the head from twisting a~d the tendency of the optical and scanning assemblies from moving out of optical alignment in the event that the head is dropped.
The board 16 has no support function, but serves as an alignment fixture.
The laser scanning head of FIG. 2 is of the retro-refle~tive type wherein the outgoing incident ~' laser beam, as well as 'the field of view of the sensor means, are scanned. It will ~e readily underqtood that ' other variants also are within the spirit of th~s in-~ention. For example, the outgoing incident laser beam can be directed to, and swept across, the symbol through one window on ~he head, while the field'of view is not scanned and ~he returning laser light is collected through another window on the head. Also, the outgoing incident~beam can be directed to, but not swept across, the symbol, while the field of view is scanned.
-25_ The head herein need not be hand-held, but can -be incorporated in a desk-top, stand-alone workstation in which the symbol is passed underneath an overhead window or port through which the outgoing beam is directed. .
Although the workstation itself is stationary during scanning, the symbol is movable relative to the workstation and must be registered with the outgoing beam and, for this purpose, the enhanced visibility laser beam described herein is advantageous. Also, the head may further include deactivation apparatus for changing the -state of a surveillance device associated with a tag or ~-label on which the symbol is provided. ~
. :
It will be understood that each of the ele-ments described above, or two or more together, also may find a useful application~in other types of con-structions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a laser diode scanner with Lmproved shock mo~nting, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural chan~es may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that~ from the standpoint of prior art, fairly consti- -tute essential characteristics of the generic or speci-fic aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adap~ations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the ~ -following claims.
What is claimed os new and desired to be pro~
~ected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims .. , ~ . . . - ' , ~, . '
Claims (9)
1. In a laser scanning system for reading indicia having portions of different light reflectivity, said system being of the type including (A) a hand-held head normally supportable by a user in an intended position of use;
(B) an optical assembly located in the head, having a center of mass, and including (i) a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, (ii) a heat sink for conducting the heat away from the diode, (iii) optic means for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of which indicia to be read are located and impinged by the laser beam, thereby reflecting off the indicia reflected laser light, at least a returning portion of which travels away from the indicia back toward the head, and (iv) sensor means for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read; and (C) a scanning assembly located in the head, having a center of mass, and including (i) a reciprocally oscillatable scan-ning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times per second, said mirror directing the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same, said mirror also collecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directing the same to the sensor means, the improvement which comprises:
(a) means for shock mounting the assemblies relative to the head, including (i) a first pair of shock mounts within the head and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scan-ing assembly, and (ii) a second pair of shock mounts with-in the head and aligned along a second axis which ex-tends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly; and (b) a printed circuit board supported by, and extending between, the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment.
_29_
(B) an optical assembly located in the head, having a center of mass, and including (i) a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, (ii) a heat sink for conducting the heat away from the diode, (iii) optic means for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of which indicia to be read are located and impinged by the laser beam, thereby reflecting off the indicia reflected laser light, at least a returning portion of which travels away from the indicia back toward the head, and (iv) sensor means for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read; and (C) a scanning assembly located in the head, having a center of mass, and including (i) a reciprocally oscillatable scan-ning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times per second, said mirror directing the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same, said mirror also collecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directing the same to the sensor means, the improvement which comprises:
(a) means for shock mounting the assemblies relative to the head, including (i) a first pair of shock mounts within the head and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scan-ing assembly, and (ii) a second pair of shock mounts with-in the head and aligned along a second axis which ex-tends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly; and (b) a printed circuit board supported by, and extending between, the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment.
_29_
2. The improved system as recited in claim 1, wherein the scanning motor is the heaviest component in the scanning assembly and is located in the vicinity of the first axis, and wherein the heat sink is the heaviest component in the optical assembly and is located in the vicinity of the second axis.
3. The improved system as recited in claim 2, wherein the head has an elongated barrel having front and rear interior regions at opposite ends of the barrel, and wherein the scanning and optical assemblies are located at respective interior regions for better balance of the head.
4. The improved system as recited in claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board is a relatively thin and flexible sheet.
5. The improved system as recited in claim 4, wherein the printed circuit board has opposite end regions, and wherein the scanning and optical assemblies are located at respective end regions of the board.
6. A laser scanning module, comprising:
(A) an optical assembly having a center of mass, and including:
(i) a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, (ii) a heat sink for conduction the heat away from the diode, (iii) optic means for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of which indicia to be read are located and impinged by the laser beam, thereby reflecting off the indicia reflected light, at least a returning portion of which travels away from the indicia back toward the module, and (iv) sensor means for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read;
(B) a scanning assembly having a center of mass, and including (i) a reciprocally oscillatable scanning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times a second, said mirror directing the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same, said mirror also collecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directing the same to the sensor means;
(C) a printed circuit board supported by and extending between, the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment; and (D) means for shock mounting the assemblies, including (i) a first pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scanning assembly, and (ii) a second pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a second axis which extends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly.
(A) an optical assembly having a center of mass, and including:
(i) a laser diode for emitting a laser beam with concomitant generation of heat, (ii) a heat sink for conduction the heat away from the diode, (iii) optic means for optically forming and modifying the laser beam to have a predetermined beam cross-section at a reference plane in the vicinity of which indicia to be read are located and impinged by the laser beam, thereby reflecting off the indicia reflected light, at least a returning portion of which travels away from the indicia back toward the module, and (iv) sensor means for detecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light, and for generating an electrical signal indicative of the indicia being read;
(B) a scanning assembly having a center of mass, and including (i) a reciprocally oscillatable scanning motor having a drive shaft on which a mirror is mounted for joint repetitive and cyclical oscillating movement a plurality of times a second, said mirror directing the laser beam toward the reference plane and to and across the indicia to be read for scanning the same, said mirror also collecting the returning portion of the reflected laser light and directing the same to the sensor means;
(C) a printed circuit board supported by and extending between, the assemblies for maintaining the assemblies in optical alignment; and (D) means for shock mounting the assemblies, including (i) a first pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a first axis which extends generally through the center of the mass of the scanning assembly, and (ii) a second pair of shock mounts on the board and aligned along a second axis which extends generally through the center of mass of the optical assembly.
7. The laser scanning module of claim 6, wherein the scanning motor is the heaviest component in the scanning assembly and is located in the vicinity of the first axis, and wherein the heat sink is the heaviest component in the optical assembly and is located in the vicinity of the second axis.
8. The laser scanning module of claim 6, wherein the printed circuit board is a relatively thin and flexible sheet.
9. The laser scanning module of claim 6, wherein the printed circuit board has opposite end regions, and wherein the scanning and optical assemblies are located at respective end regions of the board.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US265,548 | 1988-10-31 | ||
| US07/265,548 US4896026A (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1988-10-31 | Laser diode scanner with improved shock mounting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1325061C true CA1325061C (en) | 1993-12-07 |
Family
ID=23010917
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000611468A Expired - Fee Related CA1325061C (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1989-09-14 | Laser diode scanner with improved shock mounting |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4896026A (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2752735B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1325061C (en) |
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-
1988
- 1988-10-31 US US07/265,548 patent/US4896026A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-09-14 CA CA000611468A patent/CA1325061C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-30 JP JP1282839A patent/JP2752735B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0348378A (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| US4896026A (en) | 1990-01-23 |
| JP2752735B2 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |