CA1323665C - Method and apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostatis - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostatisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1323665C CA1323665C CA000578785A CA578785A CA1323665C CA 1323665 C CA1323665 C CA 1323665C CA 000578785 A CA000578785 A CA 000578785A CA 578785 A CA578785 A CA 578785A CA 1323665 C CA1323665 C CA 1323665C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tip
- current
- surgical site
- handpiece
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00973—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320069—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for ablating tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/32007—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00077—Electrical conductivity high, i.e. electrically conducting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00589—Coagulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/0091—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
- A61B2018/00916—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
- A61B2018/00958—Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device for switching between different working modes of the main function
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
- A61B2217/005—Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2217/00—General characteristics of surgical instruments
- A61B2217/002—Auxiliary appliance
- A61B2217/007—Auxiliary appliance with irrigation system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/014—Application surgical instrument
Abstract
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING ENHANCED
TISSUE FRAGMENTATION AND/OR HEMOSTASIS
Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus having a vibratable tip for ultrasonically disintegrating tissue in a surgical procedure and for aspirating the disintegrated tissue and fluids away from the surgical site through an opening in the tip. A connection to an electrosurgi-cal unit provides for delivery of RF cutting current, RF coagu-lating current or a blend thereof to the tip so that electrosur-gical procedures can be conducted separately or simultaneously with ultrasonic aspiration through the tip. It thus is now pos-sible, for example, to electrocauterize simultaneously with ultrasonic fragmentation with a single handheld surgical device.
The simultaneous delivery of ultrasonic vibrations and RF current to the tip also has been found to increase the tissue fragmenta-tion rate.
TISSUE FRAGMENTATION AND/OR HEMOSTASIS
Abstract of the Disclosure An apparatus having a vibratable tip for ultrasonically disintegrating tissue in a surgical procedure and for aspirating the disintegrated tissue and fluids away from the surgical site through an opening in the tip. A connection to an electrosurgi-cal unit provides for delivery of RF cutting current, RF coagu-lating current or a blend thereof to the tip so that electrosur-gical procedures can be conducted separately or simultaneously with ultrasonic aspiration through the tip. It thus is now pos-sible, for example, to electrocauterize simultaneously with ultrasonic fragmentation with a single handheld surgical device.
The simultaneous delivery of ultrasonic vibrations and RF current to the tip also has been found to increase the tissue fragmenta-tion rate.
Description
1 32366~
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING ENHANCED
TISSUE ~RAGMEN~ATION AND/OR HEMOSTASIS
~ackaround of the Inventlon The present lnventlon relates to surglcal methods and apparatuses for ultrasonlcally fragmentlng and asplratlng, and electrosurglcally coagulatlng and electrosurglcally cuttlng tlssue at an operatlve slte on a patlent.
The appllcatlon of ultrasonlcally vlbratlng surglcal devlces used to fragment and remove unwanted tlssue wlth slgnl-flcant preclslon and safety has let to the development of anumber of valuable surglcal procedures, and the use of ultra-sonlc asplrators for the fragmentatlon and surglcal removal of tlssue from a body has become well known. Inltlally, the tech-nlque of surglcal asplratlon was applied for the fragmentatlon and removal of cataract tlssue as shown, for example, ln U.S.
Patent Nos. 3,589,363 and 3,693,613. Later, such technlques were applled wlth slgniflcant success to neurosurgery and other surglcal speclaltles where the appllcatlon of ultrasonlc energy through a small, handheld devlce for selectlvely removlng tlssue on a layer-by-layer basls wlth preclse control has proven feaslble.
Certaln devlces known ln the art characteristlcally produce contlnuous vlbratlons havlng a substantlally constant amplltude at a frequency of about twenty to about thlrty KHz up to about forty to about flfty KHz. U.S. Patent No. 3,589,363 descrlbes one such devlce which ls especlally adapted for use ln the removal of cataracts, whlle U.S. Patent No. 4,063,557 descrlbes a devlce sultable for removal of soft tlssue whlch ls partlcularly adapted for removlng hlghly compllant elastlc tlssue mlxed wlth blood. Such devlces are contlnuously operatlve when the surgeon wlshes to fragment and remove `` 1 323~65 tlssue, and generally operate under the control of a foot swltch.
One known lnstrument for ultrasonlcally fragmentlng tlssue at an operatlve slte and then asplratlng the tlssue partlcles and fluld away from the slte is the CUSA Model Sy~tem 200 ultrasonlc asplrator which is manufactured and sold by Cavitron Surglcal Systems of Stamford, Connectlcut. When the longitudlnally osclllating metallic tip thereof is contrac-ted with tissue it gently, selectively and preclsely fragments and removes the tlssue. Some of the advantages of thls unique surglcal lnstrument are that there ls llttle resultlng damage to healthy tlssue ln a tumor removal procedure, blood vessels can be skeletonlzed, healing of tissue is promoted, no charrlng or tearlng of marglns of surrounding tlssue results, only mlni-mal pulling of healthy tlssue ls experlenced, and excellent tactlle feedback for selectlvely controlled tlssue fragmenta-tlon and removal is provided.
Surgeons using the CUSA ultrasonic surglcal lnstru-ment have lndicated a deslre for addltlonal and lmproved capabllitles for thls lnstrument. In partlcular they have requested provlslons for controlled penetratlon of capsular membranes wlthout damage to the organs, preclse and rapld removal of flbrous tlssue structures such as in mucosal pro-tectomy procedures, and an increased rate of tissue fragmenta-tion and removal. Durlng many ~urglcal procedures wherein ultrasonlc fragmentatlon lnstruments have been employed addl-tlonal lnstruments have been requlred for tlssue cuttlng and hemostasls at the surglcal slte. Hemostasls Trade-mark 2 f ~ 3 ~
is needed for example in desiccation techniques for deep coagula-tion to dry out large volumes of tissue and also in fulguration techniques for spray coagulation to dry out the surfaces of tis-sues. See. e.a. U.S. patent 4,378,801. Often an electrosurgical pencil plugged into an electrosurgical unit for tissue cutting and hemostasis and a suction probe for aspiration of fluids and cut tissue particles are used. Since many surgical tools are thereby required at a single surgical site, the total surgical time is increased, and efficiency decreased, as the surgeon must switch among different instruments. Also, undesirable amounts of blood are lost because of the time needed to switch from a cut-ting or fragmenting tool to a cauterizing instrument when bleed-ing is observed. Additionally, by simultaneously maintaining a plurality of surgical devices at the operative site the surgeon's field of view is reduced. Further due to the complexity of the procedures false activation of the electrosurgical pencil when not in use causing an RF burning of the patient can occur, and meet the desires and needs of the surgeons.
Accordingly, a need has arisen for improved surgical procedures and apparatuses which remedy these problems, and meet the above-expressed desires and needs of the surgeons.
Summa n f the Invention The present invention remedies these problems by incor-porating RF coagulating and RF cutting capabilities to the vibratable tip of an ultrasonic fragmenting and aspiration device. Surprisingly not only are the fragmentation and aspira-tion capabilities not diminished they are actually enhanced by the delivery of RF energy to the fragmentation and aspiration tip. A switching mechanism conveniently accessible to the sur-geon allows him during the surgery and with the instrument tip at 70557-5g the surgical site to instantly switch among the application of no function, one function, or the simultaneous application of any combination of functions of the instrument thereby increasing the efficacy and decreasing the time of the surgery.
The bleeding which occurs during the tissue fragmentation is more quickly and better controlled. Provision for controllable and delivery of irrigating and cooling fluids to the surgical site via the instrument is also made.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a surgical apparatus for performing one or more surgical procedures at a surgical site on a patient comprising:
a handpiece a tool supported by said handpiece, said tool having a vibratable tool tip, an RF current means selectively operable for providing an RF current to said tool tip for allowing performance of an electrosurgical procedure at the surgical site, a vibrating means for ultrasonically vibrating said tool tip, said tool tip having a top opening, said tool having a tool passageway therethrough communicating with said tip opening, and an aspirating means for applying a suction pressure on said tool passageway for aspirating tissue particles and fluid at the surgical site through said tip open-ing through said tool passageway and away from the surgical site, said RF current means including a switching means for switching the RF current provided to said tool tip to at least an RF cutting current during ultrasonic vibration.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method for conducting enhanced cutting at a surgical site on a patient comprising: applying at least an RF
cutting current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic surgical aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the operative tip, positioning the tip at the surgical site, and ' :
-- ` 1 323665 thereafter, positioning the tip at the surgical site as needed as the RF cutting current is delivered by the tip to ~he surgical site.
In accordance with the present invention there is further provided a method for electrosurgically cutting tissue at a surgical site on a patient comprlsing: applying an RF
cutting or an RF coagulating current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the tip, thereafter, positioning the tip at the site as needed, as the RF cutting current is delivered to the surgical site to perform the tissue cutting procedure, with the tip being positioned generally at the surgical site, switching the instrument between an RF coagulating mode thereof and an RF
cutting mode thereof.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the foregoing description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawinqs Figure 1 illustrates a surgical system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of a central portion of a first handpiece of the system of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side view in partial cross section of the forward portion of the first handpiece of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a side view of the forward portion of the first handpiece of Figure 2 illustrating in schematic form an RF switching mechanism therefor.
Figure 5 is a top view of a central portion of an alternative second handpiece of the system of Figure 1.
4a , . s ~ 323665 Figure 6 is a side view in partial cross section of the forward portion of the second handpiece of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a side view of the forward portion of the second handpiece of Figure 5 illustrating in schematic form an RF switching mechanism therefor.
~': 4b 1 32366~
Detailed Description of the Preferred ~bodiments A surgical system of the present invention is illus-trated in Figure l generally at lO performing a surgical proce-dure at a surgical site 12 on a patient 14. System lO includes a handpiece shown generally at 16 which, as will described herein-after in detail, is capable of performing ultrasonic fragmenta-tion, aspiration, electrosurgical cutting, fluid irrigation, and electrosurgical coagulation or hemolysis functions on tissue at the surgical site 12. These functions can be performed either separately or simultaneously in any combination. The handpiece 16 can be a known ultrasonic fragmentation handpiece such as the previously-mentioned CUSA handpiece or that described in the Wuchinich et al U.S. patent 4,063,557, modified to include elec-trosurgical cutting and coagulating functions as explained here-inafter. These modifications can be built into the handpiece itself, or provided as part of a disposable or replaceable hand-piece component such as on the manifold or nosecone thereof.
Handpiece 16 as shown in Figure 1 includes a housing 18 sized and configured to be easily and comfortably gripped and manipulated by the surgeon's hand. An elongated tapered ultra-sonically-vibratable tool 20 is supported by the housing, as seen in Figures 3 and 6, and disposed in a forwardly direction so that the tool tip 22 thereof extends forwardly a distance out from the housing and has a tip opening 24 at its distal end. The tool 20 is hollow and defines a longitudinal tool passageway 26 there-through.
An aspiration pump housed for example in a housing 28 can apply a suction pressure through tube 29 to the proximal end of the passageway 26 so that tissue particles, blood, fluids and the like at the surgical site 12 can be aspirated from the surgi-cal site 12 in through tip opening 24 out through passageway 26 ` 1 323665 towards the console or houslng 28 and lnto a sultable suctlon contalner 29a.
One o~ the flulds whlch may be asplrated from the surglcal slte ls a sallne lrrlgatlon fluld provided thereto as part of the surglcal procedure as for example to provlde a suspenslon fluld for the tlssue partlcles ~ragmented by the handplece 16. The sallne irrlgatlon solutlon can gravlty draln ln a known manner from a bottle or bag 30 suspended above the surglcal slte 12 through an lrrlgatlon tublng 32 to and lnto the handplece 16. It then flows through an annular passage 34 deflned between the tool 20 and houslng or forward manlfold posltlon thereof and then out the houslng around the tool tlp 22 to the surglcal slte 12. In addltlon to supplylng lrrlga-tion fluld to the surglcal slte 12, the fluld cools the vlbra-tlng tlp 22 and the blood, tlssue partlcles and other asplrated materlal to prevent the tool 20 from belng damaged and to slow down the coagulatlon of the blood. By wettlng the tlssue asplratlon thereof ls alded and ad~acent healthy tl~sue ls protected from d~mage. Where the surglcal slte 12 ls an en-closed or seml-enclosed area such as the eye ln ultrasonlc cataract removal procedures, lt ls lmportant to malntaln a pressure thereln wlthln a certaln range, and flow control systems for malntalnlng such pressures are known, and can be used hereln. See e.a. U.S. patent 3,693,613. Control of the dellvery of lrrlgatlng fluld, and appllcatlon of asplratlon suctlon pressure and ultrasonlc energy can be by a footswltch readlly accesslble to the surgeon as ls known ln the art.
The tool 20 ls ultrasonlcally vlbrated by a resonant vlbratlng system shown generally at 38 and mounted ln the hand-plece 16. The system 38 lncludes a transducer, such as amagnetostrlctlve stack as taught ln Unlted States Relssue Patent Number Re. 25,033 and an ultrasonlc mechanlcal trans-former to vary the stroke caused by the trans-ducer. The tool 20 itself comprises a substantially unitary bodyhaving a male threaded end designed for replacement as required and attached to a connecting member of the vibrating system 38.
The vibrating system 38 causes the tip 22 to vibrate ultrasoni-cally with a stroke in excess of 0.001 inch and preferably .014 inch and at a frequency range of 20 KHz-50 KHz and preferably 23 KHz-37 KHz.
The electrosurgical unit (ESU), such as a free standing hospital unit shown generally at 40 or as discussed in U.S. Pat-ents 3,898,991, 3,963,030 and 4,051,855 provides the RF energy for the handpiece 16. It is also within the scope of this inven-tion to design and secure the electrosurgical unit 40 within the housing 28 together with the aspirator pump in a single prefer-ably portable unit. The ESU 40 generates RF energy and a cautery cable 42 is operatively connected at one end to the handpiece 16 and has a plug 44 at its other end adapted to be plugged into the handswitch active jack 46 of the ESU 40 to deliver the RF energy to the handpiece 16. A switch assembly positioned so as to con-veniently actuated by the surgeon as he manipulates the handpiece 16 allows him to control the delivery of RF energy from the ESU
40 to the tool 20. The switch assembly can allow the surgeon to select among "no" RF energy, RF coagulating energy, RF cutting energy, or a simultaneous blend of coagulating and cutting signal energies. RF cutting and coagulating currents differ and are defined as pure sine wave and damped sine wave, respectively.
The switch assembly can be a footswitch or a handswitch and if a handswitch securable on the handpiece 16 to be accessible and actuatable by the surgeon's hand (forefinger) as it holds and manipulates the handpiece 16. A handpiece handswitch can be integrally formed with or built into the handpiece 16 so to be totally resuable, or as a separable and replaceable unit such as an add-on switch assembly or to a separable handpiece manifold;
this manifold can comprise a portion of the irrigation fluid passageway as well. Different manifold configurations are shown for example in PCT/US87/00795. Many switch assemblies such as push button, rocker or slide constructions can be used. A first preferred switch assembly construction is shown in the drawings in Figures 2-3 generally at 50. It can be a push button, single pole double (SPDT) normally open switch, as shown schematically in Figure 4, permitting keying of "cut" or "coag" modes of RF
current from the ESU 40. Once selected as through the "cut" mode or "coag" mode dome switches, 52, 54, respectively, the RF cur-rent is caused by circuit board 56 to flow from the ESU 40 through the interfacing or cautery cable 42 to a metallic contac-tor 58 through an electrical connector to the tip. An alterna-tive control/delivery of RF energy would be to provide a single push button (blend) on the handpiece and controlled by a single continuously variable control calibrated on its lower limit to cut and to caog on its upper limit.
A first embodiment of the electrical connector is a metallic acoustic vibrator which contains a laminated nickel alloy structure and is shown at 38 in Figure 3. A second elec-trical connector embodiment 59 is to utilize a fluid conductive medium such as the saline irrigating solution of the irrigating system required by normal operation of the system. This conduc-tive medium directly surrounds the tip 22 and can also provide electrical contact between the metallic contactor 58 and the tip as illustrated in Figures 5-7. This saline electrical fluid path does not inter;ect mechanical loading of an acoustic vibrating member within the handpiece 16, as does the first embodiment.
To complete the RF electrical loop a dispersive ground pad 60 is provided as shown in Figure 1 to be placed on the patient 14. See! e.g. U.S. patent 4,038,984. A cable 62 con-nected to the pad at one end and having a plug 64 at its other end (see also Figures 4 and 7) connects the pad to the ESU 40 when the plug 64 is plugged into the dispersive electrode jack 66 thereof. To provide proper operation of the electrosurgical features of this invention and in a conventional manner the RF
current flows from the tip 22 through the patient 14, to the ground pad and back to the ESU 40, to complete the electrical loop.
At the first demonstration of bleeding during an ultra-sonic tissue fragmenting procedure the damaged blood vessel can thus be cauterized nearly instantaneously with a flick of the switch. Further, this system when in its cauterizing mode allows cautery to be applied directly by the ultrasonic tip 22 to cau-terize bleeders in a similar manner as with standard neurosurgi-cal techniques. Burning of the tip 22, charring of tissue and clogging of the aspiration tip 22 are not problems with these designs.
Tests have proven the effectiveness of this surgical system 10. In a moderate coagulation procedure coagulation was controlled with much less tissue charring than experienced with standard electrosurgical techniques. In an ultrasonic fragmenta-tion and coagulation combination procedure enhanced fragmentation and controlled hemostasis were also observed. In an ultrasonic fragmentation and electrosurgical cutting combination procedure, enhanced fragmentation and controlled cutting were observed. And in an ultrasonic fragmentation and blend (cut and coagulation) electrosurgical procedure, enhanced surgical efficacy over any individual mode resulted and basic surgical characteristics of an ultrasonic surgical aspiration device were still retained. By adding RF energy to a vibrating tip not only does the rate of 1 3~3665 tissue removal significantly increase, but tissue selectivity and tactile feedback are provided in the same surgical instrument.
Further by minimizing the number of devices at the surgical site, visualization of the surgical field is maintained and safety during the procedure increased.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than by the fore-going description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of the equivalents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING ENHANCED
TISSUE ~RAGMEN~ATION AND/OR HEMOSTASIS
~ackaround of the Inventlon The present lnventlon relates to surglcal methods and apparatuses for ultrasonlcally fragmentlng and asplratlng, and electrosurglcally coagulatlng and electrosurglcally cuttlng tlssue at an operatlve slte on a patlent.
The appllcatlon of ultrasonlcally vlbratlng surglcal devlces used to fragment and remove unwanted tlssue wlth slgnl-flcant preclslon and safety has let to the development of anumber of valuable surglcal procedures, and the use of ultra-sonlc asplrators for the fragmentatlon and surglcal removal of tlssue from a body has become well known. Inltlally, the tech-nlque of surglcal asplratlon was applied for the fragmentatlon and removal of cataract tlssue as shown, for example, ln U.S.
Patent Nos. 3,589,363 and 3,693,613. Later, such technlques were applled wlth slgniflcant success to neurosurgery and other surglcal speclaltles where the appllcatlon of ultrasonlc energy through a small, handheld devlce for selectlvely removlng tlssue on a layer-by-layer basls wlth preclse control has proven feaslble.
Certaln devlces known ln the art characteristlcally produce contlnuous vlbratlons havlng a substantlally constant amplltude at a frequency of about twenty to about thlrty KHz up to about forty to about flfty KHz. U.S. Patent No. 3,589,363 descrlbes one such devlce which ls especlally adapted for use ln the removal of cataracts, whlle U.S. Patent No. 4,063,557 descrlbes a devlce sultable for removal of soft tlssue whlch ls partlcularly adapted for removlng hlghly compllant elastlc tlssue mlxed wlth blood. Such devlces are contlnuously operatlve when the surgeon wlshes to fragment and remove `` 1 323~65 tlssue, and generally operate under the control of a foot swltch.
One known lnstrument for ultrasonlcally fragmentlng tlssue at an operatlve slte and then asplratlng the tlssue partlcles and fluld away from the slte is the CUSA Model Sy~tem 200 ultrasonlc asplrator which is manufactured and sold by Cavitron Surglcal Systems of Stamford, Connectlcut. When the longitudlnally osclllating metallic tip thereof is contrac-ted with tissue it gently, selectively and preclsely fragments and removes the tlssue. Some of the advantages of thls unique surglcal lnstrument are that there ls llttle resultlng damage to healthy tlssue ln a tumor removal procedure, blood vessels can be skeletonlzed, healing of tissue is promoted, no charrlng or tearlng of marglns of surrounding tlssue results, only mlni-mal pulling of healthy tlssue ls experlenced, and excellent tactlle feedback for selectlvely controlled tlssue fragmenta-tlon and removal is provided.
Surgeons using the CUSA ultrasonic surglcal lnstru-ment have lndicated a deslre for addltlonal and lmproved capabllitles for thls lnstrument. In partlcular they have requested provlslons for controlled penetratlon of capsular membranes wlthout damage to the organs, preclse and rapld removal of flbrous tlssue structures such as in mucosal pro-tectomy procedures, and an increased rate of tissue fragmenta-tion and removal. Durlng many ~urglcal procedures wherein ultrasonlc fragmentatlon lnstruments have been employed addl-tlonal lnstruments have been requlred for tlssue cuttlng and hemostasls at the surglcal slte. Hemostasls Trade-mark 2 f ~ 3 ~
is needed for example in desiccation techniques for deep coagula-tion to dry out large volumes of tissue and also in fulguration techniques for spray coagulation to dry out the surfaces of tis-sues. See. e.a. U.S. patent 4,378,801. Often an electrosurgical pencil plugged into an electrosurgical unit for tissue cutting and hemostasis and a suction probe for aspiration of fluids and cut tissue particles are used. Since many surgical tools are thereby required at a single surgical site, the total surgical time is increased, and efficiency decreased, as the surgeon must switch among different instruments. Also, undesirable amounts of blood are lost because of the time needed to switch from a cut-ting or fragmenting tool to a cauterizing instrument when bleed-ing is observed. Additionally, by simultaneously maintaining a plurality of surgical devices at the operative site the surgeon's field of view is reduced. Further due to the complexity of the procedures false activation of the electrosurgical pencil when not in use causing an RF burning of the patient can occur, and meet the desires and needs of the surgeons.
Accordingly, a need has arisen for improved surgical procedures and apparatuses which remedy these problems, and meet the above-expressed desires and needs of the surgeons.
Summa n f the Invention The present invention remedies these problems by incor-porating RF coagulating and RF cutting capabilities to the vibratable tip of an ultrasonic fragmenting and aspiration device. Surprisingly not only are the fragmentation and aspira-tion capabilities not diminished they are actually enhanced by the delivery of RF energy to the fragmentation and aspiration tip. A switching mechanism conveniently accessible to the sur-geon allows him during the surgery and with the instrument tip at 70557-5g the surgical site to instantly switch among the application of no function, one function, or the simultaneous application of any combination of functions of the instrument thereby increasing the efficacy and decreasing the time of the surgery.
The bleeding which occurs during the tissue fragmentation is more quickly and better controlled. Provision for controllable and delivery of irrigating and cooling fluids to the surgical site via the instrument is also made.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a surgical apparatus for performing one or more surgical procedures at a surgical site on a patient comprising:
a handpiece a tool supported by said handpiece, said tool having a vibratable tool tip, an RF current means selectively operable for providing an RF current to said tool tip for allowing performance of an electrosurgical procedure at the surgical site, a vibrating means for ultrasonically vibrating said tool tip, said tool tip having a top opening, said tool having a tool passageway therethrough communicating with said tip opening, and an aspirating means for applying a suction pressure on said tool passageway for aspirating tissue particles and fluid at the surgical site through said tip open-ing through said tool passageway and away from the surgical site, said RF current means including a switching means for switching the RF current provided to said tool tip to at least an RF cutting current during ultrasonic vibration.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method for conducting enhanced cutting at a surgical site on a patient comprising: applying at least an RF
cutting current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic surgical aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the operative tip, positioning the tip at the surgical site, and ' :
-- ` 1 323665 thereafter, positioning the tip at the surgical site as needed as the RF cutting current is delivered by the tip to ~he surgical site.
In accordance with the present invention there is further provided a method for electrosurgically cutting tissue at a surgical site on a patient comprlsing: applying an RF
cutting or an RF coagulating current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the tip, thereafter, positioning the tip at the site as needed, as the RF cutting current is delivered to the surgical site to perform the tissue cutting procedure, with the tip being positioned generally at the surgical site, switching the instrument between an RF coagulating mode thereof and an RF
cutting mode thereof.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the foregoing description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawinqs Figure 1 illustrates a surgical system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a top view of a central portion of a first handpiece of the system of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side view in partial cross section of the forward portion of the first handpiece of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a side view of the forward portion of the first handpiece of Figure 2 illustrating in schematic form an RF switching mechanism therefor.
Figure 5 is a top view of a central portion of an alternative second handpiece of the system of Figure 1.
4a , . s ~ 323665 Figure 6 is a side view in partial cross section of the forward portion of the second handpiece of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a side view of the forward portion of the second handpiece of Figure 5 illustrating in schematic form an RF switching mechanism therefor.
~': 4b 1 32366~
Detailed Description of the Preferred ~bodiments A surgical system of the present invention is illus-trated in Figure l generally at lO performing a surgical proce-dure at a surgical site 12 on a patient 14. System lO includes a handpiece shown generally at 16 which, as will described herein-after in detail, is capable of performing ultrasonic fragmenta-tion, aspiration, electrosurgical cutting, fluid irrigation, and electrosurgical coagulation or hemolysis functions on tissue at the surgical site 12. These functions can be performed either separately or simultaneously in any combination. The handpiece 16 can be a known ultrasonic fragmentation handpiece such as the previously-mentioned CUSA handpiece or that described in the Wuchinich et al U.S. patent 4,063,557, modified to include elec-trosurgical cutting and coagulating functions as explained here-inafter. These modifications can be built into the handpiece itself, or provided as part of a disposable or replaceable hand-piece component such as on the manifold or nosecone thereof.
Handpiece 16 as shown in Figure 1 includes a housing 18 sized and configured to be easily and comfortably gripped and manipulated by the surgeon's hand. An elongated tapered ultra-sonically-vibratable tool 20 is supported by the housing, as seen in Figures 3 and 6, and disposed in a forwardly direction so that the tool tip 22 thereof extends forwardly a distance out from the housing and has a tip opening 24 at its distal end. The tool 20 is hollow and defines a longitudinal tool passageway 26 there-through.
An aspiration pump housed for example in a housing 28 can apply a suction pressure through tube 29 to the proximal end of the passageway 26 so that tissue particles, blood, fluids and the like at the surgical site 12 can be aspirated from the surgi-cal site 12 in through tip opening 24 out through passageway 26 ` 1 323665 towards the console or houslng 28 and lnto a sultable suctlon contalner 29a.
One o~ the flulds whlch may be asplrated from the surglcal slte ls a sallne lrrlgatlon fluld provided thereto as part of the surglcal procedure as for example to provlde a suspenslon fluld for the tlssue partlcles ~ragmented by the handplece 16. The sallne irrlgatlon solutlon can gravlty draln ln a known manner from a bottle or bag 30 suspended above the surglcal slte 12 through an lrrlgatlon tublng 32 to and lnto the handplece 16. It then flows through an annular passage 34 deflned between the tool 20 and houslng or forward manlfold posltlon thereof and then out the houslng around the tool tlp 22 to the surglcal slte 12. In addltlon to supplylng lrrlga-tion fluld to the surglcal slte 12, the fluld cools the vlbra-tlng tlp 22 and the blood, tlssue partlcles and other asplrated materlal to prevent the tool 20 from belng damaged and to slow down the coagulatlon of the blood. By wettlng the tlssue asplratlon thereof ls alded and ad~acent healthy tl~sue ls protected from d~mage. Where the surglcal slte 12 ls an en-closed or seml-enclosed area such as the eye ln ultrasonlc cataract removal procedures, lt ls lmportant to malntaln a pressure thereln wlthln a certaln range, and flow control systems for malntalnlng such pressures are known, and can be used hereln. See e.a. U.S. patent 3,693,613. Control of the dellvery of lrrlgatlng fluld, and appllcatlon of asplratlon suctlon pressure and ultrasonlc energy can be by a footswltch readlly accesslble to the surgeon as ls known ln the art.
The tool 20 ls ultrasonlcally vlbrated by a resonant vlbratlng system shown generally at 38 and mounted ln the hand-plece 16. The system 38 lncludes a transducer, such as amagnetostrlctlve stack as taught ln Unlted States Relssue Patent Number Re. 25,033 and an ultrasonlc mechanlcal trans-former to vary the stroke caused by the trans-ducer. The tool 20 itself comprises a substantially unitary bodyhaving a male threaded end designed for replacement as required and attached to a connecting member of the vibrating system 38.
The vibrating system 38 causes the tip 22 to vibrate ultrasoni-cally with a stroke in excess of 0.001 inch and preferably .014 inch and at a frequency range of 20 KHz-50 KHz and preferably 23 KHz-37 KHz.
The electrosurgical unit (ESU), such as a free standing hospital unit shown generally at 40 or as discussed in U.S. Pat-ents 3,898,991, 3,963,030 and 4,051,855 provides the RF energy for the handpiece 16. It is also within the scope of this inven-tion to design and secure the electrosurgical unit 40 within the housing 28 together with the aspirator pump in a single prefer-ably portable unit. The ESU 40 generates RF energy and a cautery cable 42 is operatively connected at one end to the handpiece 16 and has a plug 44 at its other end adapted to be plugged into the handswitch active jack 46 of the ESU 40 to deliver the RF energy to the handpiece 16. A switch assembly positioned so as to con-veniently actuated by the surgeon as he manipulates the handpiece 16 allows him to control the delivery of RF energy from the ESU
40 to the tool 20. The switch assembly can allow the surgeon to select among "no" RF energy, RF coagulating energy, RF cutting energy, or a simultaneous blend of coagulating and cutting signal energies. RF cutting and coagulating currents differ and are defined as pure sine wave and damped sine wave, respectively.
The switch assembly can be a footswitch or a handswitch and if a handswitch securable on the handpiece 16 to be accessible and actuatable by the surgeon's hand (forefinger) as it holds and manipulates the handpiece 16. A handpiece handswitch can be integrally formed with or built into the handpiece 16 so to be totally resuable, or as a separable and replaceable unit such as an add-on switch assembly or to a separable handpiece manifold;
this manifold can comprise a portion of the irrigation fluid passageway as well. Different manifold configurations are shown for example in PCT/US87/00795. Many switch assemblies such as push button, rocker or slide constructions can be used. A first preferred switch assembly construction is shown in the drawings in Figures 2-3 generally at 50. It can be a push button, single pole double (SPDT) normally open switch, as shown schematically in Figure 4, permitting keying of "cut" or "coag" modes of RF
current from the ESU 40. Once selected as through the "cut" mode or "coag" mode dome switches, 52, 54, respectively, the RF cur-rent is caused by circuit board 56 to flow from the ESU 40 through the interfacing or cautery cable 42 to a metallic contac-tor 58 through an electrical connector to the tip. An alterna-tive control/delivery of RF energy would be to provide a single push button (blend) on the handpiece and controlled by a single continuously variable control calibrated on its lower limit to cut and to caog on its upper limit.
A first embodiment of the electrical connector is a metallic acoustic vibrator which contains a laminated nickel alloy structure and is shown at 38 in Figure 3. A second elec-trical connector embodiment 59 is to utilize a fluid conductive medium such as the saline irrigating solution of the irrigating system required by normal operation of the system. This conduc-tive medium directly surrounds the tip 22 and can also provide electrical contact between the metallic contactor 58 and the tip as illustrated in Figures 5-7. This saline electrical fluid path does not inter;ect mechanical loading of an acoustic vibrating member within the handpiece 16, as does the first embodiment.
To complete the RF electrical loop a dispersive ground pad 60 is provided as shown in Figure 1 to be placed on the patient 14. See! e.g. U.S. patent 4,038,984. A cable 62 con-nected to the pad at one end and having a plug 64 at its other end (see also Figures 4 and 7) connects the pad to the ESU 40 when the plug 64 is plugged into the dispersive electrode jack 66 thereof. To provide proper operation of the electrosurgical features of this invention and in a conventional manner the RF
current flows from the tip 22 through the patient 14, to the ground pad and back to the ESU 40, to complete the electrical loop.
At the first demonstration of bleeding during an ultra-sonic tissue fragmenting procedure the damaged blood vessel can thus be cauterized nearly instantaneously with a flick of the switch. Further, this system when in its cauterizing mode allows cautery to be applied directly by the ultrasonic tip 22 to cau-terize bleeders in a similar manner as with standard neurosurgi-cal techniques. Burning of the tip 22, charring of tissue and clogging of the aspiration tip 22 are not problems with these designs.
Tests have proven the effectiveness of this surgical system 10. In a moderate coagulation procedure coagulation was controlled with much less tissue charring than experienced with standard electrosurgical techniques. In an ultrasonic fragmenta-tion and coagulation combination procedure enhanced fragmentation and controlled hemostasis were also observed. In an ultrasonic fragmentation and electrosurgical cutting combination procedure, enhanced fragmentation and controlled cutting were observed. And in an ultrasonic fragmentation and blend (cut and coagulation) electrosurgical procedure, enhanced surgical efficacy over any individual mode resulted and basic surgical characteristics of an ultrasonic surgical aspiration device were still retained. By adding RF energy to a vibrating tip not only does the rate of 1 3~3665 tissue removal significantly increase, but tissue selectivity and tactile feedback are provided in the same surgical instrument.
Further by minimizing the number of devices at the surgical site, visualization of the surgical field is maintained and safety during the procedure increased.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics.
The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims rather than by the fore-going description and all changes which come within the meaning and range of the equivalents of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (54)
1. A surgical apparatus for performing one or more surgical procedures at a surgical site on a patient comprising:
a handpiece, a tool supported by said handpiece, said tool having a vibratable tool tip, an RF current means selectively operable for providing an RF current to said tool tip for allowing performance of an electrosurgical procedure at the surgical site, a vibrating means for ultrasonically vibrating said tool tip, said tool tip having a top opening, said tool having a tool passageway therethrough communicating with said tip opening, and an aspirating means for applying a suction pressure on said tool passageway for aspirating tissue particles and fluid at the surgical site through said tip opening through said tool passageway and away from the surgical site, said RF current means including a switching means for switching the RF current provided to said tool tip to at least an RF cutting current during ultrasonic vibration.
a handpiece, a tool supported by said handpiece, said tool having a vibratable tool tip, an RF current means selectively operable for providing an RF current to said tool tip for allowing performance of an electrosurgical procedure at the surgical site, a vibrating means for ultrasonically vibrating said tool tip, said tool tip having a top opening, said tool having a tool passageway therethrough communicating with said tip opening, and an aspirating means for applying a suction pressure on said tool passageway for aspirating tissue particles and fluid at the surgical site through said tip opening through said tool passageway and away from the surgical site, said RF current means including a switching means for switching the RF current provided to said tool tip to at least an RF cutting current during ultrasonic vibration.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means being on said handpiece.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 including, said switching means being secured to and supported by said handpiece.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 including, said switching means being built into said handpiece.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 including, said switching means comprising a footswitch adapted to be operated by a foot of the operator of said handpiece.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a manifold secured to said handpiece and a switch assembly connected to said manifold and movable therewith when securing said manifold to or removing said manifold from said handpiece.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 including, said switch assembly being integrally formed with said manifold.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a nosecone securable onto said handpiece, a switch secured to said nosecone, and a cable means for operatively connecting said switch to an electrosurgical unit.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 including, said switching means including a securing means for securing said nosecone to said handpiece.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a push button switch assembly at said handpiece.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a rocker-type switch assembly at said handpiece.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a slide-type switch assembly at said handpiece.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said switching means comprising a single pole double throw switch which is normally open.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current being 500 KHz.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF cutting current being 500 KHz.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 including, a connecting means for operatively connecting said handpiece to an electrosurgical unit which generates the RF current.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 including, said connecting means including a selecting means for selecting between cutting and coagulating modes of the RF current to be delivered to said tip.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 including, an irrigating means associated with said handpiece for providing irrigating fluid to the surgical site adjacent said tip.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 including, said irrigating means including an irrigating fluid passageway at least a part of which is supported by said handpiece, and said passageway having a passageway exit port adjacent to said tip.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means including an electrosurgical unit for generating RF
energy.
energy.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 including, said electrosurgical unit being a stand-free unit and said RF
current means including a cable electrically connecting said stand-free electrosurgical unit to said handpiece.
current means including a cable electrically connecting said stand-free electrosurgical unit to said handpiece.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means including an acoustic vibrator component supported by said handpiece and operatively connectable to a source of RF
energy.
energy.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 including, a mechanical connecting means for operatively connecting said acoustic vibrator component to said tip.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 including, a conducting fluid connecting means for operatively connecting said acoustic vibrator component to said tip.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 including, said conducting fluid connecting means using a surgical site irrigating fluid for conducting the RF energy to said tip.
26. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means including a generating means for generating the RF
current, said aspirating means including a suction means for generating the suction pressure, and a housing means for housing together said generating means and said suction means.
current, said aspirating means including a suction means for generating the suction pressure, and a housing means for housing together said generating means and said suction means.
27. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means is operable for delivering RF current to said tool tip in an electrosurgical procedure on tissue at the surgical site while said vibrating means is ultrasonically fragmenting tissue at the surgical site.
28. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means is operable for delivering to deliver RF current to said tool tip in an electrosurgical procedure on tissue at the surgical site while said aspirating means is aspirating tissue particles and fluid through said tip opening away from the surgical site.
29. The apparatus of claim 1 including, said RF current means including a coupling means for electrically coupling said tool tip with an electrosurgical unit.
30. The apparatus of claim 29 including, said RF current means including an electrical filtering means for preventing malfunctioning of the logic controls of said apparatus when said coupling means is coupling said tool tip with the electrosurgical unit and the electrosurgical unit is being activated.
31. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said switching means is selectively operable to switch said RF current means to supply an RF cauterizing current.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein: said switching means is selectively operable to provide a simultaneous blend of RF cutting and RF coagulating currents.
33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein: said switching means is selectively operable to control said RF current to an inoperative condition independent of operation of said vibrating means.
34. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein: said switching means uses a saline type solution for connecting RF current to said tool.
35. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said switching means is selectively operable to control said RF current means to an inoperative condition independent of operation of said vibrating means.
36. A method for conducting enhanced cutting at a surgical site on a patient comprising: applying at least an RF
cutting current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic surgical aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the operative tip, positioning the tip at the surgical site, and thereafter, positioning the tip at the surgical site as needed as the RF
cutting current is delivered by the tip to the surgical site.
cutting current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic surgical aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the operative tip, positioning the tip at the surgical site, and thereafter, positioning the tip at the surgical site as needed as the RF
cutting current is delivered by the tip to the surgical site.
37. The method of claim 36 including, said applying step being before said positioning step.
38. The method of claim 36 including, said positioning step being before said applying step.
39. The method of claim 36 including, contacting a dispersive electrode to the patient to form part of an electrical loop with a source of the RF cutting current.
40. The method of claim 36 including, performing ultrasonic fragmentation on tissue at the surgical site with the tip of the instrument.
41. The method of claim 40 including, said performing step being while the RF current is being delivered through the tip to the surgical site.
42. The method of claim 36 including, with the tip being positioned at the surgical site, switching the instrument between an RF coagulating mode thereof and an RF cutting mode thereof.
43. The method of claim 33 including, applying an RF
coagulating current to the tip during said applying an RF
cutting current step and delivering the blend current thereby produced to tissue at the surgical site.
coagulating current to the tip during said applying an RF
cutting current step and delivering the blend current thereby produced to tissue at the surgical site.
44. The method of claim 36 including, delivering via the tip the RF coagulating current in a dessication procedure for deep coagulation drying out of large volumes of tissue.
45. The method of claim 36 including, delivering via the tip the RF coagulating current in a fulguration procedure for spray coagulation for drying out the surface of tissue.
46. The method of claim 36 including, supplying an irrigating fluid to the surgical site generally adjacent to said tip via fluid conduit supported by a handpiece.
47. A method for electrosurgically cutting tissue at a surgical site on a patient comprising: applying an RF cutting or an RF coagulating current to an operative tip of an ultrasonic aspirating instrument, ultrasonically vibrating the tip, thereafter, positioning the tip at the site as needed, as the RF cutting current is delivered to the surgical site to perform the tissue cutting procedure, with the tip being positioned generally at the surgical site, switching the instrument between an RF coagulating mode thereof and an RF
cutting mode thereof.
cutting mode thereof.
48. The method of claim 47 including, said applying step being before said positioning step.
49. The method of claim 47 including, said positioning step being before said applying step.
50. The method of claim 47 including, performing ultrasonic fragmentation on tissue at the surgical site with the tip of the instrument.
51. The method of claim 50 including, said performing step being while the RF cutting current is being delivered through the tip to the surgical site.
52. The method of claim 47 including, affixing a dispersive electrode to the patient to form part of an electrical loop with a source of the RF cutting current.
53. The method of claim 47 including, while delivering the RF cutting current to the surgical site, aspirating tissue particles and fluid through an opening in the tip and away from the surgical site.
54. The method of claim 47 including, supplying an irrigating fluid to the surgical site generally adjacent to the tip via a fluid conduit supported by a handpiece.
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US103,022 | 1987-09-30 | ||
US07/103,022 US4931047A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1987-09-30 | Method and apparatus for providing enhanced tissue fragmentation and/or hemostasis |
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1987
- 1987-09-30 US US07/103,022 patent/US4931047A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 IL IL87857A patent/IL87857A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-29 WO PCT/US1988/003349 patent/WO1989002725A1/en active Application Filing
- 1988-09-29 JP JP63508237A patent/JPH0642893B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-29 AU AU25382/88A patent/AU616699B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-29 IE IE294188A patent/IE67810B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-29 CA CA000578785A patent/CA1323665C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-30 DE DE3852005T patent/DE3852005T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-30 EP EP88309125A patent/EP0310431B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-30 AT AT88309125T patent/ATE113457T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-30 ES ES88309125T patent/ES2064360T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1989
- 1989-05-25 NO NO892096A patent/NO300755B1/en unknown
- 1989-05-29 DK DK261589A patent/DK261589A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-05-29 FI FI892607A patent/FI892607A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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ATE113457T1 (en) | 1994-11-15 |
JPH02501894A (en) | 1990-06-28 |
NO300755B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 |
NO892096L (en) | 1989-05-25 |
AU2538288A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
IE67810B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
JPH0642893B2 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
NO892096D0 (en) | 1989-05-25 |
DE3852005T2 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
WO1989002725A1 (en) | 1989-04-06 |
FI892607A0 (en) | 1989-05-29 |
EP0310431B1 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
ES2064360T3 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
FI892607A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
EP0310431A2 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
EP0310431A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
DK261589D0 (en) | 1989-05-29 |
US4931047A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
DK261589A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
IE882941L (en) | 1989-03-30 |
DE3852005D1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
AU616699B2 (en) | 1991-11-07 |
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