CA1312300C - Keyboard for a word typewriter - Google Patents
Keyboard for a word typewriterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1312300C CA1312300C CA000570615A CA570615A CA1312300C CA 1312300 C CA1312300 C CA 1312300C CA 000570615 A CA000570615 A CA 000570615A CA 570615 A CA570615 A CA 570615A CA 1312300 C CA1312300 C CA 1312300C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- keys
- keyboard
- group
- vowel
- key
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J5/00—Devices or arrangements for controlling character selection
- B41J5/08—Character or syllable selected by means of keys or keyboards of the typewriter type
- B41J5/10—Arrangements of keyboards, e.g. key button disposition
Abstract
KEYBOARD FOR A WORD TYPEWRITER
A B S T R A C T
Keyboard for recording and/or reproducing written information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunications equipment, accor-ding to the principle of the so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys, and also facilities for reproducing capitals of the letters and also reproducing figures and punc-tuation marks, all keys being connected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced. The keyboard of the invention is characterized in that the group of initial conso-nant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all the consonants.
Preferably, keys are partly arranged in blocks containing both rows and columns and partly in rows or columns which are offset by half a space with respect to the adjacent row or column respectively in one of said blocks.
The keyboard according to the invention is much more simple to operate than prior art word typewriter keyboards and it has a high speed of operation, which is further enhanced by a number of special features.
A B S T R A C T
Keyboard for recording and/or reproducing written information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunications equipment, accor-ding to the principle of the so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys, and also facilities for reproducing capitals of the letters and also reproducing figures and punc-tuation marks, all keys being connected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced. The keyboard of the invention is characterized in that the group of initial conso-nant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all the consonants.
Preferably, keys are partly arranged in blocks containing both rows and columns and partly in rows or columns which are offset by half a space with respect to the adjacent row or column respectively in one of said blocks.
The keyboard according to the invention is much more simple to operate than prior art word typewriter keyboards and it has a high speed of operation, which is further enhanced by a number of special features.
Description
~3~23~
KEYBOARD FOR A WORD TYPEWRITER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a keyboard for recording and/or reproducing written information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunica-tions equipment. The invention more particularly relates to such a keyboard for use with a so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys. It also facilities for repro-ducing capitals of the letters and also reproducing figures and punctuation marks. All keys are con-nected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys lS struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced.
13~ 23~
Such a keyboard is known from European Patent 53,168. This prior art equipment is based on the principle that only a limited number of consonants is present both in the group of initial consonant keys and in the group of final consonant keys and that the missing consonants are formed by simultaneously depressing a particular combination of consonant keys which are in fact present. The intention of the small number of keys present was to achieve an increase in the typing speed. Despite the fact that an attempt was made to so construct the board and to construct the lettering in a manner differing from the standard typographic configuration such that the combination of two letter keys depressed at the same time which in shape or sound evoke the image of a missing letter, and is processed to form said letterj the result was that it is only possible to operate said known machine after a special training. Even after said training, operating the machine demands a continuous mental effort to think of the correct key combination for the letters which are not immediately recognizable.
Furthermore, in the prior art equipment, a so-called shift key is used which does not, as in the case of the traditional qwerty keyboard, cause the capital version of the letters to appear and, in the case of figure and symbol keys, a different symbol, but with which figures are formed by simultaneously depressing said shift key and letter keys~
~ In said prior art word typewriter to reproduce the capital version of the letter symbols, a separate bar to be operated with the ball of the hand has to be depressed, but with the complication that said bar only operates as such~if it is pressed separately and beforehand, whereas if one or more letter keys which represent initial consonants are depressed at the same time, the letter h is reproduced.
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A space bar, also to be operated with the ball of the hand is complicated to the extent that it only reproduces spaces if it is depressed in the case of letter-after-letter depression, whereas, if it is pressed at the same time as a syllable, it results in said syllable being joined to the preceding syllable;
in the latter case it therefore acts in fact as a "no-space bar".
The last mentioned operation also indicates the only way in which the known machine is capable of combining a number of syllables to form a single word.
This is difficult to carry out. After all, the limitation of the possibilities thereof is determined by the fact that only one group of consonants is available.
This, and also other drawbacks associated wlth the known machine, have resulted in a very highly set psychological acceptance threshold, as a result of which the commercial success of the equipment has re-mained very limited~ In other words, however good the intentions were which lay behind the known equipment, the final result was apparently simple but in fact too complicated to find acceptance on a large scale~
This is illustrated by the fact that anyone who has not been trained on said keyboard is usually not even capable of typing his own name.
:
THE OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The prime object of the present invention ls there-fore to provide a word typewriter which eliminates the abovementioned drawbacks and which has a much lower acceptability threshold.
More particularly, the object of the inven-tion is to provide a keyboard which produc~es~,;in a very rapid manner, running and complete text and also 35 ~ data input (both for letter and figure material), the risk of incorrectly striklng or confusing symbols being appreciably decreased. In striking the keys, the words or parts of words should be constructed in the simplest :: : :
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manner, namely in the same manner as they are written, f rom left to right, the principle of the word typewriter then being retained according to which all necessary keys are struck at the same time, the electronic processing unit providing for the arrangement of the data concerned.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a keyboard for recording and/or reproducing wrîtten information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunications equipment, according to the principle of the so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre consisting of three columns, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys, the vowel keys in the outer columns of the vowel keys group each forming part of a row in an adjacent block of keys otherwise containing consonants, and also facilities for reproducing capitals of the letters and for reproducing figures and punctuation marks, the keys in some cases being situated in blocks containing both rows and columns and the keys in the centre column of the vowel keys and the bottom rows - intended to be operated with the thumb - of consonant keys are offset with respect to the adjacent row or column, respectively, all the keys being connected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced, characterized in that the group of initial consonant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all-the consonants, and in that the vowel keys in the centre column are hexagonal and are inserted between the keys of the outer columns which are matchingly shaped at the adjacent side.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the keyboard according to the invention, in the basic concept thereof the group of initial consonant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all the consonants.
A complete, directly accessible alphabet is thus present on the keyboard as a minimum. This is very beneficial for the .
13~ 2~
-4a-clear arrangement and it promotes the easy formation of thewords without very concentrated consideration continuously being necessary.
The apparent complication and retardation of the typing speed which is the consequence of the presence of a complete or virtually complete series of consonants as initial consonants and again as final consonants are very effectively eliminated in an embodiment which is characterized in that the keys are in some cases situated in blocks containing both rows and columns and in other cases in rows or columns which are offset by half a space with respect to the adjacent row or column respectively in one of said blocks. In this connection, use is made of a measure which has also already been used in the prior art machine, namely that the configuration, the height and the arrangement of the keys are such that two keys can easily be depressed simultaneously with one finger. According to the invention, not only can double positions easily be depressed by even triple positions.
13~ 2~
In this connection, it should be pointed out that in the ~achine disclosed in the above discussed European Patent 53,168, it was possible to form consonants which did not have their own key with double positions - also termed slit positions in said patent. In contrast thereto, double and even triple positions mean in the case of the machine according to the invention that the two or three keys depressed at the same time are also incorporated at the same time in code and processed to form the word.
The facilities for making use of double and triple positions are increased by a functional layout according to language. This is understood to mean, inter alia, that the position of the various Ietters on the various keys (the layout) is chosen on the principle that letters which frequently occur in consecutive positions in the language are to be found on the keyboard in positions which are adjacent to each other. It is therefore precisely those frequently occurring letter combinations which can be struck with double or triple positions. The layout is therefore obviously dependent on the language. There are, for example, appreciable differences in the frequency and position of occurrence of~the letters in the Dutch language, on the one hand, and, for example,~English, on the other hand. ~
Starting from the fact that also in the prior art word typewriter mentioned, the group of~consonant keys consists of three, essentially vertical columns, the idea of placing adjacent keys in a manner such that double or triple positions can easily be formed can be lmplemented so that the keys ln the centre co~lumn are offset by half a space with respect to those in the outer columns.
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According to a further preference, this is then developed so that the vowel keys in the centre column are hexagonal and are inserted between the keys of the outer columns which are matchingly shaped at the adjacent side.
In this manner all the double and triple positions which occur can be produced quite easily with two or three vowels respectively.
Apart from this, the keyboard is then preferably so constructed that the vowel keys in the outer columns each form part of a row in a block of keys otherwise containing consonants.
By placing the consonant keys in rows and columns, the keys having a usual rectangular or square base area, the maximum number of double consonant posi-tions becomes possible, namely by simultaneously depres-sing keys situated both above each other and next to each other.
It is, however, of importance that said bottom rows - intended to be operated with the thumb - of consonant keys are offset by half a space with respect to the rows of the blocks of consonant keys situated above them.
The consonants which most frequently occur in the language immediateIy before or immediately after a vowel or a pair of vowels can then be fitted in ; said bottom row As a further difference with respect to the prior ~ art word typewriter, the invention proposed that a 30~; doubling key is arranged beneath the group of vowel keys.
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On the basis of the fact that even in the prior art word typewriter, as stated above, a space bar is already present at the bottom, the latter is so constructed in the case of the keyboard according to the invention that the length of the space bar is chosen so that it extends from the first initial consonant in the bottom row to the last final consonant in the bottom row.
This makes it possible to achieve the result that the space bar can be depressed by one of the thumbs at the same time as a word or last part of a word, formed in one stroke, in order to produce a space. In this manner, the situation is avoided that a separate movement is required after each word for the space following each word.
Facilities which boost the ultimate typing speed are that the block of initial consonants also contains keys for combinations of initial consonants and that the block of final consonant keys also contains keys for syllabic endings consisting of several letters.
Frequently occurring combinations of initial consonants and frequently occurring combinations which occur as the ending of a syllable are different in each language, but there is the option for each language 25 ~ of providing, for example, 10 to 12 of said frequently occurring combinations with their own key.
Whereas in the prior art equipment, the figures are obtained by operating the shift key, in the case of the invention a separte series of figure keys is present~which are preferably positioned as a row above the letter keys. Separate symbol keys are likewise ~; ~ provided for.
~:: : : :
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-8 13~23~
In the keyboard according to the invention, one or more shift keys may be present, but these then serve to form the capitals of the letters and to form the less usual symbols. The same function is then actually retained again for tne word typewriter as in the case of the traditional qwerty keyboards.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the concept of "syllable" may have different meanings for different languages. For example, the English word, "NONE" is considered there as one syllable because it repre-sents one sound, while the same word will be inter-preted, according to Dutch rules, as consisting of two syllables, "NO" and "NE".
Something similar applies to the concept of 'lall the consonants". Because X does not occur in English as an initial consonant, it does not need to occur in the group of initial consonants in an English key-board either. Apart from this, within the scope of the inventive idea, there is always the option of not assigning one or more little used letters their own key either in the case of the initial consonants or in the case of the final consonants but of causinq ~it to be generated by a double position of other keys.
The expression "substantially all the consonants", as used in the claims, should therefore be interpreted in this sense.
The invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing.
30 ~ SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Flgure l~shows a keyboard with a layout which is ideal for the English language;
Figure 2 shows the keyboard in a construction which is ideal for the Dutch language;
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Figure 3 shows diagrammatically the shape of a few adjacent keys;
Pigure 4 is a block diagram of the connection of the keyboard to the electronic processing unit and subsequently to the external processing unit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the embodiment of the keyboard shown in Figure 1, the section to which the invention relates is in-dicated in its entirety by 1. Next to it is situated, in a manner known per se, a section containing the cursor and screen control keys, indicated by 2, and a numerical section 3.
The section 1 comprises in the centre a block 4 containing vowel keys, to the left thereof a block 5 containing consonant keys which function as initial consonants, and to the right of the vowel block, a block 6 containing consonant keys which serve as final consonant keys. At the top there is a row, indicated by 7, of function keys in one row which, also in a manner known per se, stands apart from~the other keys in sections 1 and 2.
In the case of a keyboards which is provided with an input section 1 according to the invention, not only can consecutive separate letters be struck, but also several syllables, and even a complete word con-sisting of several syIlables can be struck with one stroke. Such a polyphonemic input is carried out with both hands; in principle, all the fingers participate ~ 30 ~ ~ in this stroke process. The principle of formlng syl-lables and words from the information relating to the letters truck separately~is based on the following main types of syllables or combinations thereof:
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1. Only one \iowel, for e:~ample "1" (in, for e::ample, Ideal);
KEYBOARD FOR A WORD TYPEWRITER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a keyboard for recording and/or reproducing written information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunica-tions equipment. The invention more particularly relates to such a keyboard for use with a so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys. It also facilities for repro-ducing capitals of the letters and also reproducing figures and punctuation marks. All keys are con-nected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys lS struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced.
13~ 23~
Such a keyboard is known from European Patent 53,168. This prior art equipment is based on the principle that only a limited number of consonants is present both in the group of initial consonant keys and in the group of final consonant keys and that the missing consonants are formed by simultaneously depressing a particular combination of consonant keys which are in fact present. The intention of the small number of keys present was to achieve an increase in the typing speed. Despite the fact that an attempt was made to so construct the board and to construct the lettering in a manner differing from the standard typographic configuration such that the combination of two letter keys depressed at the same time which in shape or sound evoke the image of a missing letter, and is processed to form said letterj the result was that it is only possible to operate said known machine after a special training. Even after said training, operating the machine demands a continuous mental effort to think of the correct key combination for the letters which are not immediately recognizable.
Furthermore, in the prior art equipment, a so-called shift key is used which does not, as in the case of the traditional qwerty keyboard, cause the capital version of the letters to appear and, in the case of figure and symbol keys, a different symbol, but with which figures are formed by simultaneously depressing said shift key and letter keys~
~ In said prior art word typewriter to reproduce the capital version of the letter symbols, a separate bar to be operated with the ball of the hand has to be depressed, but with the complication that said bar only operates as such~if it is pressed separately and beforehand, whereas if one or more letter keys which represent initial consonants are depressed at the same time, the letter h is reproduced.
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:
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:: :
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A space bar, also to be operated with the ball of the hand is complicated to the extent that it only reproduces spaces if it is depressed in the case of letter-after-letter depression, whereas, if it is pressed at the same time as a syllable, it results in said syllable being joined to the preceding syllable;
in the latter case it therefore acts in fact as a "no-space bar".
The last mentioned operation also indicates the only way in which the known machine is capable of combining a number of syllables to form a single word.
This is difficult to carry out. After all, the limitation of the possibilities thereof is determined by the fact that only one group of consonants is available.
This, and also other drawbacks associated wlth the known machine, have resulted in a very highly set psychological acceptance threshold, as a result of which the commercial success of the equipment has re-mained very limited~ In other words, however good the intentions were which lay behind the known equipment, the final result was apparently simple but in fact too complicated to find acceptance on a large scale~
This is illustrated by the fact that anyone who has not been trained on said keyboard is usually not even capable of typing his own name.
:
THE OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The prime object of the present invention ls there-fore to provide a word typewriter which eliminates the abovementioned drawbacks and which has a much lower acceptability threshold.
More particularly, the object of the inven-tion is to provide a keyboard which produc~es~,;in a very rapid manner, running and complete text and also 35 ~ data input (both for letter and figure material), the risk of incorrectly striklng or confusing symbols being appreciably decreased. In striking the keys, the words or parts of words should be constructed in the simplest :: : :
,: ` . . ~ . . . . .
:: :
.
13~2~
manner, namely in the same manner as they are written, f rom left to right, the principle of the word typewriter then being retained according to which all necessary keys are struck at the same time, the electronic processing unit providing for the arrangement of the data concerned.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a keyboard for recording and/or reproducing wrîtten information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunications equipment, according to the principle of the so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre consisting of three columns, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys, the vowel keys in the outer columns of the vowel keys group each forming part of a row in an adjacent block of keys otherwise containing consonants, and also facilities for reproducing capitals of the letters and for reproducing figures and punctuation marks, the keys in some cases being situated in blocks containing both rows and columns and the keys in the centre column of the vowel keys and the bottom rows - intended to be operated with the thumb - of consonant keys are offset with respect to the adjacent row or column, respectively, all the keys being connected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced, characterized in that the group of initial consonant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all-the consonants, and in that the vowel keys in the centre column are hexagonal and are inserted between the keys of the outer columns which are matchingly shaped at the adjacent side.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the keyboard according to the invention, in the basic concept thereof the group of initial consonant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all the consonants.
A complete, directly accessible alphabet is thus present on the keyboard as a minimum. This is very beneficial for the .
13~ 2~
-4a-clear arrangement and it promotes the easy formation of thewords without very concentrated consideration continuously being necessary.
The apparent complication and retardation of the typing speed which is the consequence of the presence of a complete or virtually complete series of consonants as initial consonants and again as final consonants are very effectively eliminated in an embodiment which is characterized in that the keys are in some cases situated in blocks containing both rows and columns and in other cases in rows or columns which are offset by half a space with respect to the adjacent row or column respectively in one of said blocks. In this connection, use is made of a measure which has also already been used in the prior art machine, namely that the configuration, the height and the arrangement of the keys are such that two keys can easily be depressed simultaneously with one finger. According to the invention, not only can double positions easily be depressed by even triple positions.
13~ 2~
In this connection, it should be pointed out that in the ~achine disclosed in the above discussed European Patent 53,168, it was possible to form consonants which did not have their own key with double positions - also termed slit positions in said patent. In contrast thereto, double and even triple positions mean in the case of the machine according to the invention that the two or three keys depressed at the same time are also incorporated at the same time in code and processed to form the word.
The facilities for making use of double and triple positions are increased by a functional layout according to language. This is understood to mean, inter alia, that the position of the various Ietters on the various keys (the layout) is chosen on the principle that letters which frequently occur in consecutive positions in the language are to be found on the keyboard in positions which are adjacent to each other. It is therefore precisely those frequently occurring letter combinations which can be struck with double or triple positions. The layout is therefore obviously dependent on the language. There are, for example, appreciable differences in the frequency and position of occurrence of~the letters in the Dutch language, on the one hand, and, for example,~English, on the other hand. ~
Starting from the fact that also in the prior art word typewriter mentioned, the group of~consonant keys consists of three, essentially vertical columns, the idea of placing adjacent keys in a manner such that double or triple positions can easily be formed can be lmplemented so that the keys ln the centre co~lumn are offset by half a space with respect to those in the outer columns.
:
~ 35 ~ ~
:: : : : :
: :`
:~ `: :
: ~ : : :
~: :
:
:
- .
-6- ~3~ 2~
According to a further preference, this is then developed so that the vowel keys in the centre column are hexagonal and are inserted between the keys of the outer columns which are matchingly shaped at the adjacent side.
In this manner all the double and triple positions which occur can be produced quite easily with two or three vowels respectively.
Apart from this, the keyboard is then preferably so constructed that the vowel keys in the outer columns each form part of a row in a block of keys otherwise containing consonants.
By placing the consonant keys in rows and columns, the keys having a usual rectangular or square base area, the maximum number of double consonant posi-tions becomes possible, namely by simultaneously depres-sing keys situated both above each other and next to each other.
It is, however, of importance that said bottom rows - intended to be operated with the thumb - of consonant keys are offset by half a space with respect to the rows of the blocks of consonant keys situated above them.
The consonants which most frequently occur in the language immediateIy before or immediately after a vowel or a pair of vowels can then be fitted in ; said bottom row As a further difference with respect to the prior ~ art word typewriter, the invention proposed that a 30~; doubling key is arranged beneath the group of vowel keys.
:
~: :: `
::
: : : ~ : : : :
~ - .
13~L23~
On the basis of the fact that even in the prior art word typewriter, as stated above, a space bar is already present at the bottom, the latter is so constructed in the case of the keyboard according to the invention that the length of the space bar is chosen so that it extends from the first initial consonant in the bottom row to the last final consonant in the bottom row.
This makes it possible to achieve the result that the space bar can be depressed by one of the thumbs at the same time as a word or last part of a word, formed in one stroke, in order to produce a space. In this manner, the situation is avoided that a separate movement is required after each word for the space following each word.
Facilities which boost the ultimate typing speed are that the block of initial consonants also contains keys for combinations of initial consonants and that the block of final consonant keys also contains keys for syllabic endings consisting of several letters.
Frequently occurring combinations of initial consonants and frequently occurring combinations which occur as the ending of a syllable are different in each language, but there is the option for each language 25 ~ of providing, for example, 10 to 12 of said frequently occurring combinations with their own key.
Whereas in the prior art equipment, the figures are obtained by operating the shift key, in the case of the invention a separte series of figure keys is present~which are preferably positioned as a row above the letter keys. Separate symbol keys are likewise ~; ~ provided for.
~:: : : :
.
:: :
: :
-8 13~23~
In the keyboard according to the invention, one or more shift keys may be present, but these then serve to form the capitals of the letters and to form the less usual symbols. The same function is then actually retained again for tne word typewriter as in the case of the traditional qwerty keyboards.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the concept of "syllable" may have different meanings for different languages. For example, the English word, "NONE" is considered there as one syllable because it repre-sents one sound, while the same word will be inter-preted, according to Dutch rules, as consisting of two syllables, "NO" and "NE".
Something similar applies to the concept of 'lall the consonants". Because X does not occur in English as an initial consonant, it does not need to occur in the group of initial consonants in an English key-board either. Apart from this, within the scope of the inventive idea, there is always the option of not assigning one or more little used letters their own key either in the case of the initial consonants or in the case of the final consonants but of causinq ~it to be generated by a double position of other keys.
The expression "substantially all the consonants", as used in the claims, should therefore be interpreted in this sense.
The invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing.
30 ~ SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Flgure l~shows a keyboard with a layout which is ideal for the English language;
Figure 2 shows the keyboard in a construction which is ideal for the Dutch language;
35~
::; : :
:
.
:
~ - :
:: , 13~ 2~
Figure 3 shows diagrammatically the shape of a few adjacent keys;
Pigure 4 is a block diagram of the connection of the keyboard to the electronic processing unit and subsequently to the external processing unit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the embodiment of the keyboard shown in Figure 1, the section to which the invention relates is in-dicated in its entirety by 1. Next to it is situated, in a manner known per se, a section containing the cursor and screen control keys, indicated by 2, and a numerical section 3.
The section 1 comprises in the centre a block 4 containing vowel keys, to the left thereof a block 5 containing consonant keys which function as initial consonants, and to the right of the vowel block, a block 6 containing consonant keys which serve as final consonant keys. At the top there is a row, indicated by 7, of function keys in one row which, also in a manner known per se, stands apart from~the other keys in sections 1 and 2.
In the case of a keyboards which is provided with an input section 1 according to the invention, not only can consecutive separate letters be struck, but also several syllables, and even a complete word con-sisting of several syIlables can be struck with one stroke. Such a polyphonemic input is carried out with both hands; in principle, all the fingers participate ~ 30 ~ ~ in this stroke process. The principle of formlng syl-lables and words from the information relating to the letters truck separately~is based on the following main types of syllables or combinations thereof:
: ~
, ::: i ::: :
:: ~ :~ : : : :
:;: : : ~:: :: : :
:: : : : ~ :
, ,:
:: .
13123~
1. Only one \iowel, for e:~ample "1" (in, for e::ample, Ideal);
2. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s), for example, "NO";
3. vowel(s) -~ final consonant(s), for example "ON";
4. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s), for example "NON";
5. vowel(s) + initial consonant(s) + vowel(s), for example "OPEra";
6. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s), for example "NONE";
i. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s), for example "THUNDER";
8. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s), for example "SEVERE".
The types 1 up to and including 4 mentioned were also possible in the case of the known keyboard.
It is evident that only the consonant X is missing in the block 5 for the initial consonants for the English version in Eigure 1 and that the letter Q
is missing in the block 6 for the final consonants;
in the English language, those letters do not occur as initial or as final consonants respectively. Apart from that, both block 5 and block 6 contains all the consonants.
In both blocks of consonants, the keys are situated horizontally adjacent to each other, as a result of which rows are produced. Most of the keys in said blocks are also situated vertically above each other, as a result of which columns are produced. In addition, as a result of a suitable shape and heigllt of the keys, two keys situated next to each other or two keys situated above each other can consequently easily be depressed (double positions). The point is that 13~23~
words are reproduced as much as possible by simultane-ously depressing keys. These possibilities are appreaci-ably increased by the double positions mentioned.
Triple positions are also possible, inter alia, because the bottom row of consonants, containing the consonants N, L and R in block 5 and the same letters in a diffe-rent sequence in block 6, are offset by half a space with respect to the row above them. The W, the R and the A, for example, can therefore easily be depressed (in the Dutch board in Figure 2).
The number of possibilities of double and triple posi-tions and the ease of striking them are increased further in the block 4 for the vowels. Three columns can be distinguished in this vowel block ~. The keys in the centre column are offset by half a key height with respect to those in the left-hand and the right-hand column and, in addition, they have a hexagonal base area, with horizontal top and bottom edges and with points which point to the left or to the right.
The vowel keys in the left-hand column are of pentagonal construction, with the point pointing to the~right, and those in the right-hand column are pentagonal with the point pointing to the left. In this manner, the vowel keys in the centra column are inserted between two vowel keys in the left-hand column and in the right-hand column, while conversely, most of the keys in the right-hand and in the left-hand column are inserted between the keys in the~centre column~.
In this way, with only a slight movement of the ; ~3~0 ~ finger, it lS possible to dépress only the ~ at the top in the left-hand column, only the A which is situated underneath itj or only the O in the centre column situated next to these two keys, but the ~
:
and O can also be depressed simuItaneously, the A
and O can be depressed simultaneously, but, in addition, all three letters;can be depressed simultaneou~sly.
~:
:
13~ ~3~
Furthermore, it is evident that the vowel block 4 contains a total of thirteen vowel keys, as a result of which the letter A and the letter E can each be included twice and the other vowels can each be inclu-ded three times. As a result of this striking vowels in the correct sequence within a syllable or word is very much facilitated. Each vowel key in the left-hand column is situated in a row of keys in the initial consonant block, and equally, each vowel key in the right-hand column is situated in a row in the final consonant block. This facilitates the formation of double positions of an initial consonant and a vowel, and also of a vowel with a final consonant.
Right at the bottom of the centre column of the vowel block 4 there is situated a key indicated by an AVA symbol, which is a doubling key. If this is combined in one stroke with a single vowel key, the result is a doubling of said vowel. Here, however, there is the possibility of solving specific problems in a language. Because the combination ii does not occur in the modern western languages, the Y can be formed on pressing the I with the doubling key for the English language, but, for example, the~IJ~for the Dutch language. Furthermore, it is of advantage 25 ~ if depressing the AVA key and the triple vowel combination IUO results in YOU in the English version.
In the Dutch version, for example, combination of :
the AVA key with the combination IE, EU, AU and IO
respectively can be used to; produce the vowel group 3~0~ IEUW, EEUW, AUW or OOI.
The block 5 containing the initial consonants :
contains two keys with consonant combinations, namely Rh- and Ps-. On the right of the separate final consonants in the block 6 some keys of the separate ~ flnal consonants in the block 6 some keys with the syllabic endings -es, -edj -e and -ks are likewise also encountered, while the block 6 also incorporates a special key for the combination Gn which occurs in the English language.
- , :: ~ :
: ~ , .
:
.~ ' , -13- 13~ 2~
Furthermore, the word forming possibilities can be increased still further by having some double positions form completely different letter combinations from those on the separate keys. The ending keys -es and -ed are used for forming -ing, as stated in small letters on said keys, and the ending -er is obtained with the apostrophe key and the -es key.
With the partitioning of the keyboard according to the invention there is room for a separate key for an unsounded E. It is to be found ln the final consonant block 6, in the top row.
In the English layout in Figure l, the letter X accompanied by the doubling symbol is to be found in the second row of the final consonant group 6.
Making use of the fact that the letter X as a rule never occurs in double form in the modern western languages, the equipment can be constructed so that a doubling of said final consonant key, for example buZZ, can be carried out by combining striking of this key with some other final consonant keys. ~
There are still specific possibilities which, because a patent application does not need to~be a complete user instruction manual, wiIl not all be enumerated at this point. However, they always involve ~ faciiities for increasing the typing speed for experienced users; knowledge of those facilities is not necessary to be able to operate the keyboard.
The acceptance~threshold is therefore not increased as a result of this.
The figures are incorporated on separate keys which extend as a row along the top of the three blocks 4, 5 and 6. The shift keys - for convenience of opera-tion two are~present in different positions - there-fore serve exclusively for switching the lower case : ~ :
~ 35 and capital forms of the letters and for switching : ~ ~
:: ~: : ::: ~ :
~: .
: : : ' ~ ` : ~ ` ;: , ~3~ 23~a the various symbols which are pro~ided in twos on one key. As regards these symbol keys, attention is drawn to the fact that the most used symbols are in each case in the position in which the shift key does not have to be depressed. The shift keys are so posi-tioned that all the symbol keys which also have a symbol in the shift position can be depressed to-gether with a shift key at one go using one hand.
If a shift key is depressed beforehand, this results in a hold function with the subsequent letter being reproduced in capital form, and this is indicated in that a small lamp (LED) in the shift key lights up in the meantime.
In the bottom row a space bar is present. This runs from the letter N in block 5 to the N in block 6. As a result of this, the letters N, L and R in block 5 or R, L and ~ in block 6 can always be depressed with the thumb simultaneously with the space bar.
The reason for this is that the three letters mentioned N, L and R mostly occur both in English and Dutch just before or just after a vowel when these letters occur together with other consonants. Both in the block of initial consonants and in the block of final consonants, they are at a position in which they will be depressed with the thumb. It then requires no additional effort to depress the space bar with the same thumb in the same movement. As a result of that simultaneous depression of the space bar, a separate operation for causing the space to be produced at ~30 ~ the end of the word formed is avoided.
Both in block 5 and in block 6, the keys for ; the letters N, L and R are placed half a key space inwards with respect to the rows situated above them in the same blocks. As a result of this they end up nearer each other, but above all, these six keys are then easier to reach~with a thumb movement. In the meantime, the doubling key situated in between in line with the centre column of the vowel group 4 remains ~ of sufficient width for it readily to be capable of :: ~: :
::: :
:
. : .
~ ~ ' 13~23~
being involved in a double or triple position with the adjacent keys both at the left-hand and at the right-hand side.
In view of the said occurrance of the letters N, L and R immediately before and after the vowels, they are also as a rule placed last in the group of initial consonants and first in the group of final consonants for sorting the key codes, which will be described in more detail.
The punctuation marks, . : ; are advantageous-ly provided at the end of the group of final consonants on keys adjacent to each other. They are then logically and easily accessible. In the version shown, the posi-tioning chosen therefore is in line with the space bar.
In contrast with the known equipment, the~keyboard is completed by a backspace key, a tabulator key and a Ctrl (Control) key and such keys. Attention is also drawn to the DEL INPUT key which can be depressed in order 20 ~ to delete a number of strokes.
The layout shown in Figure 2, which is ideal for the Dutch language, is based on the same principles as the English version. A different positioning of the letters on the keys is noticed, and obviously~also different consonant combinations in the~initial con-sonants~and different ending combinations in the case of the final consonant keys. The positioning of the letters has been optimized in both cases on the basis of an analysis of, on the one hand, the English language~
30~ and, on the other hand, the Dutch language, but is , ~ :
remains poss~ible, of course, also to work in any other ;; language with a keyboard which is ideal for the one languag;e.
~: ~
.
:
, . , . ~
.~ ~
-16- 13~ 23~
As regards the optimization, the versions shown in Figures 1 and 2 are based on the same principle which can also be used for all other languages. Apart from the letters N, L and R, which occupy a special place in the word formation in both languages, both the initial consonant group 5 and the final consonant group 6 contain five rows. On the basis of an analy-sis which has been carried out of the occulrence of an analysis which has been carried out of the occur-rence of letters and letter combinations in each language, the third row (that is to say the centre row) is as a principle used for the lette~s ~ich occur most fre-quently, the rows 2 and 4 for the letters which are used somewhat less frequently, and the rows 1 and 5 for the letters which occur least frequently. This occasions the greatest convenience and the highest working speed if a large number of keys are struck at the same time according to the principle of the word typewriter.
In view of the formation of multiple positions, the invention also furthermore provides a special shape for the keys. For this purpose, reference is made to Figure 3 which is intended as a view in the direc-tion of the centre;row of initial consonant keys in 25 ~ the English board in Figure 1. It is evident that the keys have in some cases vertical side faces and in other cases sloping side faces. The keys for the H and the E are both straight on the sides facing each other. The~distance between the keys near the 30~ top face is thus minima~l and it is therefore~easy to form a double position by~depressing the H~and the E. The same applies to the T and~the H,~and again to the S and the T, since those letter combinations both occur. Because, however, the letter combination ~; 35~ ~ ZS~does not occur in the~English language, a double position on those two keys not only serves no purpose, but it could even give rise to an error. In order to~reduce~the~number of lncorrect strokes in the iorm ~: :: : : :
- ~ ,, - ~ : ' ~:: ` :
~]7~ 13~23~
of double positions, it is evident that the ~ key and the S key both have slopes on the faces which face each other. As a result of this, the distance between the top faces is large and it is virtually impossible to form a double position with those keys.
The same again applies therefore to the faces of ~
key and the shift key which face each other because the last mentioned is of course never struck in a double position with an adjacent letter. The same principle of vertical construction of adjacent keys in the case of a possible double position, and a slo-ping face in the case where a double position must be ruled out, can be applied in the case of keys which are adjacent to each other in the columns (for example, the W and H).
This idea of chamfering a key which must not be struck may, furthermore, be used (not shown) where, for example, at the bottom of the Dutch board, the W and the R can be struck as a double position. Because, however, the R is in the row which is offset by half a key space, the danger could consequently arise that the L situated next to the R is also depressed. Such a triple position is meaningless in the Dutch language, and in order to avoid this, not only are the side faces of the L facing the W and the R of sloping construc-tion, but the right-hand top corner thereof is also additionally chamfered.
In relation to the construction and the operation of the electronic processing unit, it should first ~ of all be remembered that, in the case of the equlp-ment known from European Patent 53,168, a code is indeed~lnitially assigned to each key, but the coding device is so constrùcted that if the codes of two consonant keys are present at the same time, a new code is generated which corresponds to a consonant without its own key. In the case of the invention, ~ ~ on the other hand, all the consonants are already ::
~: :
::
13~ ~3~
present in the initial consonant block 5 and in the final consonant block 6. In order to be able to deliver complete running text, it is therefore sufficient if the device for generating the codes is so construc-ted that each key produces its own specific code.
In each case, whenever there is a change with respect to the zero position, this will lead to a series of one or more codes (code string~. The electronic proces-sing unit is, furthermore, so constructed that, for each stroke, the codes of all the keys depressed si-multaneously in that stroke are taken stock of and then placed in order. In the ordering, the principle is adhered to that the codes are positioned behind each other first for each column from top to bottom and then for each row from left to right, with the N, L and R - in this sequence - as the last of the initial consonants and R, L and N as the first of the final consonants. In that situation, the codes form the string of characters which is fed to the printing equipment or computer unit.
In relation to the keys on which a combination of letters occurs, there is therefore the choice of as-signing such a letter combination key either a sepa-rate code or a code which is made up of the codes ; 25 associated with the separate letters.
A few more facilities are associated with this out-line of the structure. Thus, the occurrence in the code string of the codes of the doubling keys and of a vowel key wiIi result in the calling of a com-bination routine (CR), on the basis of which a dou-bling of said vowel occurs. As stated, there is also the possibility in a few positions of forming a diffe-rent letter~comblnation, such as the English ending -ING by means of a double position as a result of :
~ 35 ~ simultaneously depressing the keys -es and -ed. If : :: :; :
~: : : : ::
:
, . : -- ' ': ,-:
-19- 1 31 2 3 ~
the codes of those two keys occur together, the result is also the calling of the combination routine which provides for these codes to be replaced by the code~s) for the letter combination -ING in the final character string.
Figure 4 shows a simple block diagram of the manner in which the electronic processing unit in the keyboard is connected to an external processing unit (printing unit, computer, etc.).
The keyboard KB is connected to the processing unit PU via an input circuit IN. With the aid of the input circuit, the PU determines the status of each of the keys, only two states being possible for each key, viz. struck or not struck. On the basis of the code string which is consequently made available to the PU and the CR provided to the PU, the letter or character string thus obtained is then fed out via the output circuit OUT to the printing unit or computer unit CU. For this purpose, the PU is connected via the IN and OUT to the keyboard and the CU.
The PU scans the keyboard at regular time intervals, information being received on the state of the keys and this information representing an ordere~d set of characters. At the instant all the keys~are ~; 25 released~again after a group of keys has been struck, the zero status is detected and this signals the NEW
status.~A~memory field indicates which code series :: : :
has~been typed in since the last NEW signal. After the NEW status has been reached, the code string is 30~ ~ placed in a cyclic buffer CBUF, which CBUF can contain a~number of said code st~rings. The contents of~the CBUF are converted by means of the CR into a character string whlch is placed in a different memory and is ready~for transmitting to a CU.
: ~
: ~ : ~ ~ :
~: : :: :
:
:~:
:` :
-20- 13~ 23~
The above procedures are repeated ten to thirty times per second and result in a minimum of 2 to 3 key scans per stroke.
Correction of characters which have already been transmitted to a CU is possible at two levels, viz.
erasure of the last character by means of the backspace key (< ) and erasure of the whole of the last stroke by means of the DEL INPUT key.
The combination shown in Figures 1 and 2 of a text input block, a cursor and screen-control block and a numerical block is achieved by adding a multipur-pose key pad and extending the numerical pad with twelve keys including an ENTER key, and a liquid crystal display situated in the top right-hand cor-ner.
The multipurpose key pad contains three memo keys which serve to assign sections of text to other keys. These stored key strokes can be copied at any desired instant from a memory starting from a position indicated by the cursor.
The procedure is as follows: press MEMO LOAD, give the section of text which is to be stored a name by depressing one of the function keys (for example, F4), press MEMO BEGIN and type in the text to bè stored.
Terminate the load procedure by depressing MEMO END.
- The text can now be reproduced starting from any de-sired position by depressing MEMO LOAD and MEMO BEGIN
together followed by the name of the section of text (in the example, F4).
3~0 ~ The stored key strokes can be erased by repeating ~the load operation in accordance with the above, with the proviso that MEMO BEGIN and MEMO END now have to be depressed~together after typing the name.
~ ;
~: : :
:~ ::: : : : : :: .:
':
.
: ~ ` ' . : ~ -:
, -21- ~ 3~
The multipurpose pad also contains three on/off func-tion keys, viz. AUTO CAPS, AUTO SPACE and CALC LOCK, in which case, if AUTO CAPS is switched on, the use of the punctuation signs . and ? and ! in the text input block will result in the setting of a capital letter for the next stroke without the shift key having to be used at the same time. In the switched-on state, AUTO SPACE ensures that after every punc-tuation mark and close bracket, the associated space is automatically obtained and also that the punctua-tion marks, the oblique stroke, close bracket and close quotation mark follow the preceding letter (com-bination)s without a space. Apart from this, with AUTO SPACE and CAPS LOCK switched on, every space preceding the use of punctuation marks, close bracket and close quotation mark will automatically be erased.
The last key of the multipurpose block is the CALC LOCK key. If this function is switches on, all the keys with the exception of all the keys of the numerical block are disabled in order to be able in this way to carry out "off-line" calculations. The numerical block then behaves as a calculator, the results of the calculation not appearing immediately on the screen but on the display of the keyboard.
The accuracy of the results can be adjusted with the aid of N DEC key, in which case the standard two decimal places are employed. By switching off the CALC function again, the result can be fed out of the display to ~ ~ 30 the CU by depressing the ENTER key.
: :
:
.
, .
i. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s), for example "THUNDER";
8. initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s) + vowel(s), for example "SEVERE".
The types 1 up to and including 4 mentioned were also possible in the case of the known keyboard.
It is evident that only the consonant X is missing in the block 5 for the initial consonants for the English version in Eigure 1 and that the letter Q
is missing in the block 6 for the final consonants;
in the English language, those letters do not occur as initial or as final consonants respectively. Apart from that, both block 5 and block 6 contains all the consonants.
In both blocks of consonants, the keys are situated horizontally adjacent to each other, as a result of which rows are produced. Most of the keys in said blocks are also situated vertically above each other, as a result of which columns are produced. In addition, as a result of a suitable shape and heigllt of the keys, two keys situated next to each other or two keys situated above each other can consequently easily be depressed (double positions). The point is that 13~23~
words are reproduced as much as possible by simultane-ously depressing keys. These possibilities are appreaci-ably increased by the double positions mentioned.
Triple positions are also possible, inter alia, because the bottom row of consonants, containing the consonants N, L and R in block 5 and the same letters in a diffe-rent sequence in block 6, are offset by half a space with respect to the row above them. The W, the R and the A, for example, can therefore easily be depressed (in the Dutch board in Figure 2).
The number of possibilities of double and triple posi-tions and the ease of striking them are increased further in the block 4 for the vowels. Three columns can be distinguished in this vowel block ~. The keys in the centre column are offset by half a key height with respect to those in the left-hand and the right-hand column and, in addition, they have a hexagonal base area, with horizontal top and bottom edges and with points which point to the left or to the right.
The vowel keys in the left-hand column are of pentagonal construction, with the point pointing to the~right, and those in the right-hand column are pentagonal with the point pointing to the left. In this manner, the vowel keys in the centra column are inserted between two vowel keys in the left-hand column and in the right-hand column, while conversely, most of the keys in the right-hand and in the left-hand column are inserted between the keys in the~centre column~.
In this way, with only a slight movement of the ; ~3~0 ~ finger, it lS possible to dépress only the ~ at the top in the left-hand column, only the A which is situated underneath itj or only the O in the centre column situated next to these two keys, but the ~
:
and O can also be depressed simuItaneously, the A
and O can be depressed simultaneously, but, in addition, all three letters;can be depressed simultaneou~sly.
~:
:
13~ ~3~
Furthermore, it is evident that the vowel block 4 contains a total of thirteen vowel keys, as a result of which the letter A and the letter E can each be included twice and the other vowels can each be inclu-ded three times. As a result of this striking vowels in the correct sequence within a syllable or word is very much facilitated. Each vowel key in the left-hand column is situated in a row of keys in the initial consonant block, and equally, each vowel key in the right-hand column is situated in a row in the final consonant block. This facilitates the formation of double positions of an initial consonant and a vowel, and also of a vowel with a final consonant.
Right at the bottom of the centre column of the vowel block 4 there is situated a key indicated by an AVA symbol, which is a doubling key. If this is combined in one stroke with a single vowel key, the result is a doubling of said vowel. Here, however, there is the possibility of solving specific problems in a language. Because the combination ii does not occur in the modern western languages, the Y can be formed on pressing the I with the doubling key for the English language, but, for example, the~IJ~for the Dutch language. Furthermore, it is of advantage 25 ~ if depressing the AVA key and the triple vowel combination IUO results in YOU in the English version.
In the Dutch version, for example, combination of :
the AVA key with the combination IE, EU, AU and IO
respectively can be used to; produce the vowel group 3~0~ IEUW, EEUW, AUW or OOI.
The block 5 containing the initial consonants :
contains two keys with consonant combinations, namely Rh- and Ps-. On the right of the separate final consonants in the block 6 some keys of the separate ~ flnal consonants in the block 6 some keys with the syllabic endings -es, -edj -e and -ks are likewise also encountered, while the block 6 also incorporates a special key for the combination Gn which occurs in the English language.
- , :: ~ :
: ~ , .
:
.~ ' , -13- 13~ 2~
Furthermore, the word forming possibilities can be increased still further by having some double positions form completely different letter combinations from those on the separate keys. The ending keys -es and -ed are used for forming -ing, as stated in small letters on said keys, and the ending -er is obtained with the apostrophe key and the -es key.
With the partitioning of the keyboard according to the invention there is room for a separate key for an unsounded E. It is to be found ln the final consonant block 6, in the top row.
In the English layout in Figure l, the letter X accompanied by the doubling symbol is to be found in the second row of the final consonant group 6.
Making use of the fact that the letter X as a rule never occurs in double form in the modern western languages, the equipment can be constructed so that a doubling of said final consonant key, for example buZZ, can be carried out by combining striking of this key with some other final consonant keys. ~
There are still specific possibilities which, because a patent application does not need to~be a complete user instruction manual, wiIl not all be enumerated at this point. However, they always involve ~ faciiities for increasing the typing speed for experienced users; knowledge of those facilities is not necessary to be able to operate the keyboard.
The acceptance~threshold is therefore not increased as a result of this.
The figures are incorporated on separate keys which extend as a row along the top of the three blocks 4, 5 and 6. The shift keys - for convenience of opera-tion two are~present in different positions - there-fore serve exclusively for switching the lower case : ~ :
~ 35 and capital forms of the letters and for switching : ~ ~
:: ~: : ::: ~ :
~: .
: : : ' ~ ` : ~ ` ;: , ~3~ 23~a the various symbols which are pro~ided in twos on one key. As regards these symbol keys, attention is drawn to the fact that the most used symbols are in each case in the position in which the shift key does not have to be depressed. The shift keys are so posi-tioned that all the symbol keys which also have a symbol in the shift position can be depressed to-gether with a shift key at one go using one hand.
If a shift key is depressed beforehand, this results in a hold function with the subsequent letter being reproduced in capital form, and this is indicated in that a small lamp (LED) in the shift key lights up in the meantime.
In the bottom row a space bar is present. This runs from the letter N in block 5 to the N in block 6. As a result of this, the letters N, L and R in block 5 or R, L and ~ in block 6 can always be depressed with the thumb simultaneously with the space bar.
The reason for this is that the three letters mentioned N, L and R mostly occur both in English and Dutch just before or just after a vowel when these letters occur together with other consonants. Both in the block of initial consonants and in the block of final consonants, they are at a position in which they will be depressed with the thumb. It then requires no additional effort to depress the space bar with the same thumb in the same movement. As a result of that simultaneous depression of the space bar, a separate operation for causing the space to be produced at ~30 ~ the end of the word formed is avoided.
Both in block 5 and in block 6, the keys for ; the letters N, L and R are placed half a key space inwards with respect to the rows situated above them in the same blocks. As a result of this they end up nearer each other, but above all, these six keys are then easier to reach~with a thumb movement. In the meantime, the doubling key situated in between in line with the centre column of the vowel group 4 remains ~ of sufficient width for it readily to be capable of :: ~: :
::: :
:
. : .
~ ~ ' 13~23~
being involved in a double or triple position with the adjacent keys both at the left-hand and at the right-hand side.
In view of the said occurrance of the letters N, L and R immediately before and after the vowels, they are also as a rule placed last in the group of initial consonants and first in the group of final consonants for sorting the key codes, which will be described in more detail.
The punctuation marks, . : ; are advantageous-ly provided at the end of the group of final consonants on keys adjacent to each other. They are then logically and easily accessible. In the version shown, the posi-tioning chosen therefore is in line with the space bar.
In contrast with the known equipment, the~keyboard is completed by a backspace key, a tabulator key and a Ctrl (Control) key and such keys. Attention is also drawn to the DEL INPUT key which can be depressed in order 20 ~ to delete a number of strokes.
The layout shown in Figure 2, which is ideal for the Dutch language, is based on the same principles as the English version. A different positioning of the letters on the keys is noticed, and obviously~also different consonant combinations in the~initial con-sonants~and different ending combinations in the case of the final consonant keys. The positioning of the letters has been optimized in both cases on the basis of an analysis of, on the one hand, the English language~
30~ and, on the other hand, the Dutch language, but is , ~ :
remains poss~ible, of course, also to work in any other ;; language with a keyboard which is ideal for the one languag;e.
~: ~
.
:
, . , . ~
.~ ~
-16- 13~ 23~
As regards the optimization, the versions shown in Figures 1 and 2 are based on the same principle which can also be used for all other languages. Apart from the letters N, L and R, which occupy a special place in the word formation in both languages, both the initial consonant group 5 and the final consonant group 6 contain five rows. On the basis of an analy-sis which has been carried out of the occulrence of an analysis which has been carried out of the occur-rence of letters and letter combinations in each language, the third row (that is to say the centre row) is as a principle used for the lette~s ~ich occur most fre-quently, the rows 2 and 4 for the letters which are used somewhat less frequently, and the rows 1 and 5 for the letters which occur least frequently. This occasions the greatest convenience and the highest working speed if a large number of keys are struck at the same time according to the principle of the word typewriter.
In view of the formation of multiple positions, the invention also furthermore provides a special shape for the keys. For this purpose, reference is made to Figure 3 which is intended as a view in the direc-tion of the centre;row of initial consonant keys in 25 ~ the English board in Figure 1. It is evident that the keys have in some cases vertical side faces and in other cases sloping side faces. The keys for the H and the E are both straight on the sides facing each other. The~distance between the keys near the 30~ top face is thus minima~l and it is therefore~easy to form a double position by~depressing the H~and the E. The same applies to the T and~the H,~and again to the S and the T, since those letter combinations both occur. Because, however, the letter combination ~; 35~ ~ ZS~does not occur in the~English language, a double position on those two keys not only serves no purpose, but it could even give rise to an error. In order to~reduce~the~number of lncorrect strokes in the iorm ~: :: : : :
- ~ ,, - ~ : ' ~:: ` :
~]7~ 13~23~
of double positions, it is evident that the ~ key and the S key both have slopes on the faces which face each other. As a result of this, the distance between the top faces is large and it is virtually impossible to form a double position with those keys.
The same again applies therefore to the faces of ~
key and the shift key which face each other because the last mentioned is of course never struck in a double position with an adjacent letter. The same principle of vertical construction of adjacent keys in the case of a possible double position, and a slo-ping face in the case where a double position must be ruled out, can be applied in the case of keys which are adjacent to each other in the columns (for example, the W and H).
This idea of chamfering a key which must not be struck may, furthermore, be used (not shown) where, for example, at the bottom of the Dutch board, the W and the R can be struck as a double position. Because, however, the R is in the row which is offset by half a key space, the danger could consequently arise that the L situated next to the R is also depressed. Such a triple position is meaningless in the Dutch language, and in order to avoid this, not only are the side faces of the L facing the W and the R of sloping construc-tion, but the right-hand top corner thereof is also additionally chamfered.
In relation to the construction and the operation of the electronic processing unit, it should first ~ of all be remembered that, in the case of the equlp-ment known from European Patent 53,168, a code is indeed~lnitially assigned to each key, but the coding device is so constrùcted that if the codes of two consonant keys are present at the same time, a new code is generated which corresponds to a consonant without its own key. In the case of the invention, ~ ~ on the other hand, all the consonants are already ::
~: :
::
13~ ~3~
present in the initial consonant block 5 and in the final consonant block 6. In order to be able to deliver complete running text, it is therefore sufficient if the device for generating the codes is so construc-ted that each key produces its own specific code.
In each case, whenever there is a change with respect to the zero position, this will lead to a series of one or more codes (code string~. The electronic proces-sing unit is, furthermore, so constructed that, for each stroke, the codes of all the keys depressed si-multaneously in that stroke are taken stock of and then placed in order. In the ordering, the principle is adhered to that the codes are positioned behind each other first for each column from top to bottom and then for each row from left to right, with the N, L and R - in this sequence - as the last of the initial consonants and R, L and N as the first of the final consonants. In that situation, the codes form the string of characters which is fed to the printing equipment or computer unit.
In relation to the keys on which a combination of letters occurs, there is therefore the choice of as-signing such a letter combination key either a sepa-rate code or a code which is made up of the codes ; 25 associated with the separate letters.
A few more facilities are associated with this out-line of the structure. Thus, the occurrence in the code string of the codes of the doubling keys and of a vowel key wiIi result in the calling of a com-bination routine (CR), on the basis of which a dou-bling of said vowel occurs. As stated, there is also the possibility in a few positions of forming a diffe-rent letter~comblnation, such as the English ending -ING by means of a double position as a result of :
~ 35 ~ simultaneously depressing the keys -es and -ed. If : :: :; :
~: : : : ::
:
, . : -- ' ': ,-:
-19- 1 31 2 3 ~
the codes of those two keys occur together, the result is also the calling of the combination routine which provides for these codes to be replaced by the code~s) for the letter combination -ING in the final character string.
Figure 4 shows a simple block diagram of the manner in which the electronic processing unit in the keyboard is connected to an external processing unit (printing unit, computer, etc.).
The keyboard KB is connected to the processing unit PU via an input circuit IN. With the aid of the input circuit, the PU determines the status of each of the keys, only two states being possible for each key, viz. struck or not struck. On the basis of the code string which is consequently made available to the PU and the CR provided to the PU, the letter or character string thus obtained is then fed out via the output circuit OUT to the printing unit or computer unit CU. For this purpose, the PU is connected via the IN and OUT to the keyboard and the CU.
The PU scans the keyboard at regular time intervals, information being received on the state of the keys and this information representing an ordere~d set of characters. At the instant all the keys~are ~; 25 released~again after a group of keys has been struck, the zero status is detected and this signals the NEW
status.~A~memory field indicates which code series :: : :
has~been typed in since the last NEW signal. After the NEW status has been reached, the code string is 30~ ~ placed in a cyclic buffer CBUF, which CBUF can contain a~number of said code st~rings. The contents of~the CBUF are converted by means of the CR into a character string whlch is placed in a different memory and is ready~for transmitting to a CU.
: ~
: ~ : ~ ~ :
~: : :: :
:
:~:
:` :
-20- 13~ 23~
The above procedures are repeated ten to thirty times per second and result in a minimum of 2 to 3 key scans per stroke.
Correction of characters which have already been transmitted to a CU is possible at two levels, viz.
erasure of the last character by means of the backspace key (< ) and erasure of the whole of the last stroke by means of the DEL INPUT key.
The combination shown in Figures 1 and 2 of a text input block, a cursor and screen-control block and a numerical block is achieved by adding a multipur-pose key pad and extending the numerical pad with twelve keys including an ENTER key, and a liquid crystal display situated in the top right-hand cor-ner.
The multipurpose key pad contains three memo keys which serve to assign sections of text to other keys. These stored key strokes can be copied at any desired instant from a memory starting from a position indicated by the cursor.
The procedure is as follows: press MEMO LOAD, give the section of text which is to be stored a name by depressing one of the function keys (for example, F4), press MEMO BEGIN and type in the text to bè stored.
Terminate the load procedure by depressing MEMO END.
- The text can now be reproduced starting from any de-sired position by depressing MEMO LOAD and MEMO BEGIN
together followed by the name of the section of text (in the example, F4).
3~0 ~ The stored key strokes can be erased by repeating ~the load operation in accordance with the above, with the proviso that MEMO BEGIN and MEMO END now have to be depressed~together after typing the name.
~ ;
~: : :
:~ ::: : : : : :: .:
':
.
: ~ ` ' . : ~ -:
, -21- ~ 3~
The multipurpose pad also contains three on/off func-tion keys, viz. AUTO CAPS, AUTO SPACE and CALC LOCK, in which case, if AUTO CAPS is switched on, the use of the punctuation signs . and ? and ! in the text input block will result in the setting of a capital letter for the next stroke without the shift key having to be used at the same time. In the switched-on state, AUTO SPACE ensures that after every punc-tuation mark and close bracket, the associated space is automatically obtained and also that the punctua-tion marks, the oblique stroke, close bracket and close quotation mark follow the preceding letter (com-bination)s without a space. Apart from this, with AUTO SPACE and CAPS LOCK switched on, every space preceding the use of punctuation marks, close bracket and close quotation mark will automatically be erased.
The last key of the multipurpose block is the CALC LOCK key. If this function is switches on, all the keys with the exception of all the keys of the numerical block are disabled in order to be able in this way to carry out "off-line" calculations. The numerical block then behaves as a calculator, the results of the calculation not appearing immediately on the screen but on the display of the keyboard.
The accuracy of the results can be adjusted with the aid of N DEC key, in which case the standard two decimal places are employed. By switching off the CALC function again, the result can be fed out of the display to ~ ~ 30 the CU by depressing the ENTER key.
: :
:
.
, .
Claims (14)
1. Keyboard for recording and/or reproducing written information in a typewriter, word processor, printer, computer or in telecommunications equipment, according to the principle of the so-called word typewriter, which keyboard has a group of vowel keys in the centre consisting of three columns, to the left thereof a group of initial consonant keys and to the right thereof a group of final consonant keys, the vowel keys in the outer columns of the vowel keys group each forming part of a row in an adjacent block of keys otherwise containing consonants, and also facilities for reproducing capitals of the letters and for reproducing figures and punctuation marks, the keys in some cases being situated in blocks containing both rows and columns and the keys in the centre column of the vowel keys and the bottom rows - intended to be operated with the thumb - of consonant keys are offset with respect to the adjacent row or column, respectively, all the keys being connected to an electronic processing unit which, by means of code signals, arranges the information from keys struck approximately or exactly simultaneously into syllables to be recorded or to be reproduced, characterized in that the group of initial consonant keys and the group of final consonant keys both contain substantially all the consonants, and in that the vowel keys in the centre column are hexagonal and are inserted between the keys of the outer columns which are matchingly shaped at the adjacent side.
2. Keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that a doubling key is situated beneath the group of vowel keys and/or at one or more positions in the consonant blocks.
3. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, there being a space bar at the bottom, characterized in that the length of the space bar is chosen so that it runs from the first initial consonant in the bottom row to the last final consonant in the bottom row.
4. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the block of initial consonants also contains keys for combinations of initial consonants.
5. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the block of final consonant keys also contains keys for letter combinations or word endings.
6. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a selection key, AUTO CAPS, is present for switching on and off the generation of the capital form of the letters after the sentence-ending punctuation mark.
7. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a selection key, AUTO SPACE, is present for switching on and off the setting of a space before and/or after the punctuation marks and other symbols.
8. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the , . : ; are situated on keys adjacent to each other at the end of the final consonant block.
9. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the keys have sloping side faces, but the keys which are intended to be struck with adjacent keys in multiple positions have straight side faces at the side(s) which face(s) the adjacent key(s) concerned.
10. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, a device being present which assigns a specific code to each key, characterized in that also a device is present which arranges the code string of said codes of all the substantially simultaneously struck keys into a character string.
11. Keyboard according to claim 10, characterized in that if the code associated with a doubling key is present in a code string, said device doubles the code for the vowel present in the code string, and if two or three vowels are present, generates the codes for a different letter combination.
12. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, in which a section containing cursor and screen-control keys and also a numerical section are present in addition to the text input section, characterized in that a number of keys is provided for combining the text input section and the numerical section, and also a ENTER Key in the numerical section.
13. Keyboard according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the keys are distributed over at least 5 rows in a manner such that, as the principle underlying the partitioning, the keys in the third row contain letters which - in the language for which the keyboard is optimized - occur most frequently, singly or in groups, the second and the fourth two contain the less frequently occurring letters, and the first and fifth row contain letters which occur least frequently.
14. Keyboard according to claim 13, characterized in that, furthermore, the consonants which - again in the language for which the keyboard is optimized - are most frequently just in front of or behind the vowels when they occur together with other consonants, are placed in a special position with respect to the vowel keys.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8701535 | 1987-06-30 | ||
| NLAANVRAGE8701535,A NL186072C (en) | 1987-06-30 | 1987-06-30 | KEYBOARD FOR A WORD WRITER. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1312300C true CA1312300C (en) | 1993-01-05 |
Family
ID=19850228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000570615A Expired - Fee Related CA1312300C (en) | 1987-06-30 | 1988-06-28 | Keyboard for a word typewriter |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5124702A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0297663B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6421517A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR890000961A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE67714T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU612156B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8803230A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1312300C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3865114D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK168619B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2026996T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI883111A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL186072C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO882842L (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3523343B2 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 2004-04-26 | ミサワホーム株式会社 | Key input device and key input method |
| US5483235A (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 1996-01-09 | At&T Corp. | Stylus-based keyboard key arrangement |
| US5739776A (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1998-04-14 | Silitek Corporation | Key switch arrangement for computer keyboards |
| FR2748345B1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-07-17 | Gillot Jean Loup | MECHANICAL PLAN KEYBOARD |
| US5805157A (en) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-09-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Mobile client computer with hexagonal keyboard |
| US6142687A (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-11-07 | Lisak; Stephen J. | One handed sequential alpha numerical keyboard |
| AU2000251210A1 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-17 | Seng Kee Bahby Teo | An alphabet character input device |
| US6741235B1 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2004-05-25 | Michael Goren | Rapid entry of data and information on a reduced size input area |
| GB2364021B (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2003-06-18 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Keypad and electronic device |
| US6431776B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-08-13 | Darfon Electronics Corp. | Compact keyboard |
| US6348878B1 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-19 | Kenzo Tsubai | Data entry keyboard |
| US20030206759A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-06 | Emerson Harry E. | Computer keyboard numeric keypad having calculator function keys |
| US7190351B1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2007-03-13 | Michael Goren | System and method for data input |
| US7921374B2 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2011-04-05 | Research In Motion Limited | Adding interrogative punctuation to an electronic message |
| CA2570430C (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2013-09-10 | Paul Lloyd Baker | A keyboard for a handheld computer device |
| AU2005266860B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2011-09-15 | Paul Lloyd Baker | A keyboard for a handheld computer device |
| US7417565B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2008-08-26 | Research In Motion Limited | Keyboard for hand-held devices |
| CN100437440C (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2008-11-26 | 于翔 | Chinese harmonic keyboard |
| US7576662B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-08-18 | Young-Jae Jung | Keypad array of portable terminal for input of alphabetic letters |
| US11635890B2 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2023-04-25 | Gail Elizabeth Davis | Keyboard having improved alphabet key arrangement |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2040248A (en) * | 1932-05-21 | 1936-05-12 | Dvorak August | Typewriter keyboard |
| DE586252C (en) * | 1932-07-24 | 1933-10-19 | Eugen Stueber | Syllable typewriter |
| DE703781C (en) * | 1934-10-03 | 1941-03-15 | Gerhard Hendrik Clement Vonck | Syllable typewriter |
| US3558820A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1971-01-26 | Boeing Co | Stenographic machine and system |
| US3970185A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1976-07-20 | Syllographic Machines, Inc. | Syllabic typewriter |
| CH610822A5 (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1979-05-15 | Adolf Muther | Keyboard on a typewriter |
| US4124843A (en) * | 1977-05-02 | 1978-11-07 | Atex Corporation | Multi-lingual input keyboard and display |
| US4332493A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-06-01 | Harvey Einbinder | Ten-finger typewriter keyboards |
| NL8003451A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1982-01-04 | Berkelmans N M | WORD WRITER. |
| US4715736A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1987-12-29 | Fwm Enterprises, Inc. | Process for determining optimum keyboard formats for a given language |
| US4737040A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1988-04-12 | Moon Tag Y | Keyboard device and method for entering Japanese language text utilizing Romaji character notation |
| US4768164A (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1988-08-30 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Word processor with font exchanging font synthesizing mode, and spacing mode of operation |
| GB8521442D0 (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1985-10-02 | P C D Maltron Ltd | Keyboard |
| FR2587815B1 (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1990-06-15 | Bernier Jean Paul | KEYBOARD DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR Typing |
| US5017030A (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1991-05-21 | Crews Jay A | Ergonomically designed keyboard |
-
1987
- 1987-06-30 NL NLAANVRAGE8701535,A patent/NL186072C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-06-23 DE DE8888201307T patent/DE3865114D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-23 AT AT88201307T patent/ATE67714T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-23 ES ES198888201307T patent/ES2026996T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-23 EP EP88201307A patent/EP0297663B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-23 AU AU18301/88A patent/AU612156B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-06-27 NO NO88882842A patent/NO882842L/en unknown
- 1988-06-28 CA CA000570615A patent/CA1312300C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-29 DK DK359188A patent/DK168619B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-29 KR KR1019880007924A patent/KR890000961A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-06-29 FI FI883111A patent/FI883111A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-06-30 JP JP63164800A patent/JPS6421517A/en active Pending
- 1988-06-30 BR BR8803230A patent/BR8803230A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1990
- 1990-12-19 US US07/630,414 patent/US5124702A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8701535A (en) | 1989-01-16 |
| DE3865114D1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| JPS6421517A (en) | 1989-01-24 |
| ATE67714T1 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
| AU612156B2 (en) | 1991-07-04 |
| US5124702A (en) | 1992-06-23 |
| NL186072C (en) | 1990-09-17 |
| FI883111A (en) | 1988-12-31 |
| EP0297663A1 (en) | 1989-01-04 |
| KR890000961A (en) | 1989-03-17 |
| DK168619B1 (en) | 1994-05-09 |
| NO882842L (en) | 1989-01-02 |
| NO882842D0 (en) | 1988-06-27 |
| EP0297663B1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| BR8803230A (en) | 1989-01-31 |
| FI883111A0 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| DK359188D0 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| DK359188A (en) | 1988-12-31 |
| AU1830188A (en) | 1988-12-08 |
| NL186072B (en) | 1990-04-17 |
| ES2026996T3 (en) | 1992-05-16 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |