CA1257169A - Surgical stapler apparatus - Google Patents
Surgical stapler apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1257169A CA1257169A CA000515423A CA515423A CA1257169A CA 1257169 A CA1257169 A CA 1257169A CA 000515423 A CA000515423 A CA 000515423A CA 515423 A CA515423 A CA 515423A CA 1257169 A CA1257169 A CA 1257169A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- anvil assembly
- fastener
- fastener holder
- holder
- tissue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Surgical stapler apparatus for forming an array of surgical fasteners in body tissue includes an anvil assembly against which the fasteners are formed and a fastener holder pivotally mounted adja-cent one end of the anvil assembly, a spacer member at the other end so constructed to displace tissue that would otherwise obstruct the spacer member from properly positioning the fastener holder rela-tive to the anvil assembly to ensure proper fastener formation, and a knife assembly to cut the tissue between the rows of formed fasteners.
Surgical stapler apparatus for forming an array of surgical fasteners in body tissue includes an anvil assembly against which the fasteners are formed and a fastener holder pivotally mounted adja-cent one end of the anvil assembly, a spacer member at the other end so constructed to displace tissue that would otherwise obstruct the spacer member from properly positioning the fastener holder rela-tive to the anvil assembly to ensure proper fastener formation, and a knife assembly to cut the tissue between the rows of formed fasteners.
Description
~5'7~9 This invention relates to surgical stapling apparatus, and more particularly to surgical stapling apparatus for substantially simultaneously applying a plurality of surgical fasteners to body tissue.
5urgical stapling apparatus is known in which a plurality of surgical fasteners is applied sub5tantially simultaneously to produce an array of surgical fasteners.
Typically such apparatus includes a fastener holder disposed on one side of the tissue to be fastened, an anvil assembly parallel to the fastener holder on the other ~ide of the tissue to be fastened, means for ; linearly translating the fastener holder and the anvil as~embly towards each other so that the tissue is clamped between them, and means for drivin~ the fasteners from the f~stener holder so that the ends of the fasteners pass through the tissue and form finished fasteners as they make contact with the anvil asseMbly, thereby producing an array of finished fasteners in the tissue. The term "fasteners" is used herein as a generic term for metal surgical staples, the staple-shaped portion of two-part resinous surgical fasteners, and their equivalent.
Similarly, the term "anvil assembly" i5 used herein as a generic term to include the anvil used to clinch metal surgical staples, the ' fi"'~ `
ar' ~U
.. . . .. . ..
~2 5 ~9
5urgical stapling apparatus is known in which a plurality of surgical fasteners is applied sub5tantially simultaneously to produce an array of surgical fasteners.
Typically such apparatus includes a fastener holder disposed on one side of the tissue to be fastened, an anvil assembly parallel to the fastener holder on the other ~ide of the tissue to be fastened, means for ; linearly translating the fastener holder and the anvil as~embly towards each other so that the tissue is clamped between them, and means for drivin~ the fasteners from the f~stener holder so that the ends of the fasteners pass through the tissue and form finished fasteners as they make contact with the anvil asseMbly, thereby producing an array of finished fasteners in the tissue. The term "fasteners" is used herein as a generic term for metal surgical staples, the staple-shaped portion of two-part resinous surgical fasteners, and their equivalent.
Similarly, the term "anvil assembly" i5 used herein as a generic term to include the anvil used to clinch metal surgical staples, the ' fi"'~ `
ar' ~U
.. . . .. . ..
~2 5 ~9
-2-retainer holder and retainer member ~f two-part resinous surgical fasteners, and the eguivalent of these elements.
In common use are apparatus in which the fastener holder and anvil assembly comprise a dis-posable cartridge removably mounted in or on a per-manent actuator for suppoxting and actllating the cartridge. The cartridge is disposable after a single use. The permanent actuator i~ reusable in the same surgical procedure after reloadiny wi~h a fresh cartridge, and is reusable in another surgical procedure after cleaning, ~terilizing, and reloading.
Also available are disposable surgical apparatus, in which the cartridge and actuator are preassembled, ready for use, and are then disposed of after a single use.
In the use of these apparatus it is of great importance that the fastener holder and anvil assembly be positioned accurately and precisely in relation to each other, so that the tissue joining procedure occurs in a proper manner. In sur~ical stapler apparatus of the type disclosed in c~mmonly-assigned Green U.S. patent 4,354,628, it is intended that the tissue to be stapled be enclosed completely between the stapler hoIder and ~he a~vil assembly (as shown in FI~. 4 of that patent), i.e., none of the tissue e~tends past the end of the ~aple holder and anvil a~sembly~ This permit~ the staple holder and anvil assembly to be positioned accurately rela-tive to each other by means of a spacer member dis-closed and claimed i~ that p~tent. There are, how-ever, certain surgical procedures in which it is.not possible to enclose the tissue to be staplçd completely wi~hin ~he two legs of the ~tapler. ~n such circum-~tances ~h~ tissue extending beyond the legs of the stapler ~o~ld prevent the ~pacer me~ber fro~ abutting ~ ;7~
against the anvil assembly and could result in improperly formed fa~teners.
It is known, using instruments of the type shown in commonly-assigned Green U.S. Patent 3,494,533, to apply the surgical fasteners to tissue where the tissue extends beyond the ends of the legs of the s-tapler. In such circumstances, an alignment pin either i5 forced through the tissue, if the tissue is sufficiently soft, or the surgeon must manually cut the tissue prior to pushing the alignment pin through the tissue. The cartridge and anvil used with instruments of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent
In common use are apparatus in which the fastener holder and anvil assembly comprise a dis-posable cartridge removably mounted in or on a per-manent actuator for suppoxting and actllating the cartridge. The cartridge is disposable after a single use. The permanent actuator i~ reusable in the same surgical procedure after reloadiny wi~h a fresh cartridge, and is reusable in another surgical procedure after cleaning, ~terilizing, and reloading.
Also available are disposable surgical apparatus, in which the cartridge and actuator are preassembled, ready for use, and are then disposed of after a single use.
In the use of these apparatus it is of great importance that the fastener holder and anvil assembly be positioned accurately and precisely in relation to each other, so that the tissue joining procedure occurs in a proper manner. In sur~ical stapler apparatus of the type disclosed in c~mmonly-assigned Green U.S. patent 4,354,628, it is intended that the tissue to be stapled be enclosed completely between the stapler hoIder and ~he a~vil assembly (as shown in FI~. 4 of that patent), i.e., none of the tissue e~tends past the end of the ~aple holder and anvil a~sembly~ This permit~ the staple holder and anvil assembly to be positioned accurately rela-tive to each other by means of a spacer member dis-closed and claimed i~ that p~tent. There are, how-ever, certain surgical procedures in which it is.not possible to enclose the tissue to be staplçd completely wi~hin ~he two legs of the ~tapler. ~n such circum-~tances ~h~ tissue extending beyond the legs of the stapler ~o~ld prevent the ~pacer me~ber fro~ abutting ~ ;7~
against the anvil assembly and could result in improperly formed fa~teners.
It is known, using instruments of the type shown in commonly-assigned Green U.S. Patent 3,494,533, to apply the surgical fasteners to tissue where the tissue extends beyond the ends of the legs of the s-tapler. In such circumstances, an alignment pin either i5 forced through the tissue, if the tissue is sufficiently soft, or the surgeon must manually cut the tissue prior to pushing the alignment pin through the tissue. The cartridge and anvil used with instruments of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent
3,494,~33 are aligned parallel to each other through the parallel positioning of the legs of the instrument on which the cartridge and anvil are located.
As noted in U.S. Patent 4,354,628, proper alignment between the fastener holder and anvil assembly of that patent is maintained primarily by these elements themselves, and it i8 desired not to rely on the lnstrument to provide that alignment. It is therefore an ob~ect of the instant invention to provide surgical stapling apparatus of the type shown in U.S.Patent
As noted in U.S. Patent 4,354,628, proper alignment between the fastener holder and anvil assembly of that patent is maintained primarily by these elements themselves, and it i8 desired not to rely on the lnstrument to provide that alignment. It is therefore an ob~ect of the instant invention to provide surgical stapling apparatus of the type shown in U.S.Patent
4,354,628 in which there is provided means which ensures that the fastener holder and anvil assembly are substantially parallel to each other even when the tissue to be joined extends beyond the stapling apparatus.
Accordingly, one aspect of the invention provides a surgical fastener cartridge for use with an actuator assembly including a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion for simultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising an anvil assembly, a fastener holder pivotally connected to the anvil assembly adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including fastener driving means for substantially simultaneously driving all of the fasteners from the fastener holder, means associated with the anvil assembly for allowing the cartridge to be removably mounted on the actuator frame so that the anvil assembly .. ~
,....j ~:~57~69 i5 adjacent a first ley of the U-shaped portion, so that the pivo~al connection between the anvil assem~ly and the fastener holder is adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, and 80 that the fastener holder is adjacent a second leg of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder being movable relative to the frame when the cartridge i5 thus mounted on the frame so that when the fastener holder is pivoted away from the anvil assembly, the tissue ~o be fastened can be positioned between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder via the open side of the U-shaped portion, spacer means located adjacent the side of the cartridge opposite the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder for maintaining a predetermined minimum spacing between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, the improvement comprisin~ means associated with the spacer means for displacing tissue which extends beyond the ends of the fastener holder and anvil assembly to ensure that the fastener holder and anvil assembly are positioned correctly relative to each other after the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, said tissue displacing means comprising two surfaces sloping toward each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the 2~ tissue.
~ Another aspect of the invention provides a : sur~ical stapler for si~ultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising: a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion, an anvil assembly mounted on a first leg of the U-shaped portion so that the anvil assembly is stationary relative to the frame, a fastener holder disposed ad~acent the second leg of the U-shaped portion and being pivotally mounted adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the pivotal mounting being adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including means for simultaneously driving the fasteners from the fastener holder, actuator means mounted on the frame for
Accordingly, one aspect of the invention provides a surgical fastener cartridge for use with an actuator assembly including a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion for simultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising an anvil assembly, a fastener holder pivotally connected to the anvil assembly adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including fastener driving means for substantially simultaneously driving all of the fasteners from the fastener holder, means associated with the anvil assembly for allowing the cartridge to be removably mounted on the actuator frame so that the anvil assembly .. ~
,....j ~:~57~69 i5 adjacent a first ley of the U-shaped portion, so that the pivo~al connection between the anvil assem~ly and the fastener holder is adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, and 80 that the fastener holder is adjacent a second leg of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder being movable relative to the frame when the cartridge i5 thus mounted on the frame so that when the fastener holder is pivoted away from the anvil assembly, the tissue ~o be fastened can be positioned between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder via the open side of the U-shaped portion, spacer means located adjacent the side of the cartridge opposite the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder for maintaining a predetermined minimum spacing between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, the improvement comprisin~ means associated with the spacer means for displacing tissue which extends beyond the ends of the fastener holder and anvil assembly to ensure that the fastener holder and anvil assembly are positioned correctly relative to each other after the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, said tissue displacing means comprising two surfaces sloping toward each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the 2~ tissue.
~ Another aspect of the invention provides a : sur~ical stapler for si~ultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising: a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion, an anvil assembly mounted on a first leg of the U-shaped portion so that the anvil assembly is stationary relative to the frame, a fastener holder disposed ad~acent the second leg of the U-shaped portion and being pivotally mounted adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the pivotal mounting being adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including means for simultaneously driving the fasteners from the fastener holder, actuator means mounted on the frame for
5 ~;25'7~L69 pivoting the fastener holder toward the anvil assembly and actuating the means for driving the fasteners from the fastener holder, an alignment pin mounted on said holder and having an end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder, and a spacer member at a location remote from the pivotal mounting of the fastener holder for contacting a portion of the anvil assembly opposite the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted to span the normally open peripheral portion and for maintaining a gap between the remainder of the fastener holder and the anvil as~embly, wherein the spacer member is shaped so that, when tissue extends past the open peripheral portion of the retaining holder and fastener holder, the tissue pierced by said pin is displaced as the fastener holder closes against the anvil assembly to ensure ~hat the proper minimum distance is achieved between the fastener holder and the anvil assembly.
A further aspect of the invention provides a surgical fastener cartridge comprising an anvil assembly having an aperture therein, a fastener holder pivotally connected at one end to said anvil assembly, an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil a~sembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly, and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during pivoting of said holder towards said anvil assembly.
Thus, the inven~ion provides surgical stapling apparatus in which a spacer member on the fastener holder displaces the tissue which would otherwise prevent it from abutting properly against the anvil assembly. An alignment pin i5 shaped also so as to ensure that it can be pushed through the tissue and into the distal portion of the stapler. Proper relative positioning of the , =,i -` ~L25t7~
5a fastener holder and anvil assembly is thereby maintained without requir;ng additional manual steps by the surgeon, thus enabling the patient to spend less ti~e in the operating room. The stapler apparatus also decreases the trauma to the tissue by displacing the tissue in a manner improved from the previously known technique by avoiding the need, with some surgical procedures, to cut the tissue before pushing the alignment pin through.
Embodiments of ~he invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical stapler apparatus constructed in accordance with an embodime~t of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of -the surgical stapler apparatus of FIG. 1 showing how the cartridge is placed into the stapler;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the apparatus in use with tissue clamped and ready for fastening;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a cartridge constructed in accordance with an em~odiment of the invention;
FIG. 4A is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the cartridge of FIG. 4 showing a spacer member;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevational sectional view of a part of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showin~ how the apparatus i9 operated to clamp the tissue to be fastened FIG. ~ is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the condition of the apparatus with the tissue clamped and ready to be fastened;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIGS. 5 and 6 showing how the apparatus operates to fasten the clamped tis~ue;
FIG. 8 i5 a view similar to FIGS. 5-7 showing how the knife-fastener pusher member retracts into the fastener hGlder after the tissue has been joined;
~2S7~
5b FIG. 9 is a top sectional view showing the condition of the apparatus with the tissue clamped and ready to be fastened, similarly to FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a top sectional view similar to FIG.
9 showing the fastener pronys entering the retainers and the knife be~inning to cut the tissue;
FIG. 11 is a top seotional view ~imil~r to FIGS.
9 and 10 showing the fastener prongs inserted fully into the retainers and the knife having cut completely through the tissue; and FIG. 12 is a top sectional view similar to FIGS.
9-11 showing the knife-fastener pusher member in its retracted position, as also shown in FIG. 8.
Although the principles of the invention are applicable to other similar types of surgical stapler apparatus, the inventlon will be understood clearly ~rom an explanation of its application to the surgical stapler apparatus of the type mentioned above. The invention is applicable also to both permanent and disposable apparatus. Accordingly, although the invention will be illustrated ln an embodiment in which a disposable cartridge comprising a fastener holder and an anvil assembly i6 mounted in a permanent instrument, the invention could ~ 25~6 equally be described in use in a totally disposable embodiment.
The suryical stapler apparatus of this invention may be of the type shown in commonly assigned Green U.S. patent 4,354,628. The preferred embodiment is of 6uch a surgical stapler apparatus and the entire disclosure of that patent is incorpo-rated herein by reference. That patent discloses and claims a tissue block spacer member as to which the present invention is an improvement, permitting the stapler to be used in surgical techni~ues in which the entire tissue is not encompassed in the area between the fastener holder and anvil asse~bly~
As shown in FIG. 1, instrument 10 includes handle 20 adjacent th~ proximal end of the instru-ment, a longitudinal connecting structure 30 at approximately a 30-45 angle to handle 20, and an open U-shaped or V-shaped suppor~ structure 40 at the distal end of connecting structure 30. As is better seen in FIG. 3, support structure 40 comprises a proximal leg 42, a distal leg 44, and a base 46 joining one end of each of legs 42 and 44. Support stxucture 40 lies in a plane substantially parallel $o the longitudinal axis of connecting structure 30.
.In use, the instrument is positioned relative to tissue 12 to be fastened, e.g., in gynecologic surgery, so that the ti6sue is generally between legs 42 and 44 and transverse to the plane of support structure ~0. In contrast to prior known uses for surgical staplers of this type having spacer member~, it is intended that tissue 12 ~ill extend pa~t the open ends of legs 42 and 44. The use of kno~n staplers of the type shown in U.S. patent 4,354,628 has been limited to procedures in which the entire tissue could be contained between legs 42 and 44. There are, however, certain operation~ where it either i~
not desirable or possible to pl~ce the 6tapler around 2S'7~6~3 the entire tissue, and this invention enables this stapler to be used for such procedures.
As is more clearly ~een in FIG. 2, the disposable cartridge 50 includes fas1ener holdex 52 and anvil assembly 54. Anvil assembly 54 is mounted into distal leg 44 and fastener holder 52 is mounted into proximal leg 42. The end of cartridge 50 at which pivotal axis 56 is located is inserted into base 46. Pivotal axis 56 allows pivotal motion of fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54 relative to each other and, together with slots 105, also allows a limited amount of motion of the fastener holder perpendicular to anvil as~embly surface 53.
Anvil assembly 54 is designed to slide longitudinally into and out of leg 44 of support structure 40. The distal side of anvil assembly 54 has a distally projecting retaining structuxe 58 which fits between plates 44a and 44b of distal leg 44. Cartridge 50 is releasably retained to leg 44 by a friction fit betweén retaining structure 58 and plates 44a and 44b, and is positioned accurately in the longitudinal direction on leg 44 by the fit be-tween projections 45a and 45b and cut outs 47a and 47b (not shown3 at the corresponding ends of anvil assembly 54. When cartridge 50 is positioned in support structure 40 and projections 45a and 45b are located against cut outs 47a and 47b, anvil assembly 54 will be located between plates 42a and 42b of proximal leg 42.
~ s shown, for exampie, in FIG. 9, anvil assembly 54 has two p~rallel.rows of retainer-containing apertures ~5a and 6Sb which are respec tively aligned with two rows of fastener-containing apertures 66a and 66b located in fastener holder 52~
Each fastener ~ontaining aperture initially contains one fa~tener 120, and each re~ainer-contAining aper-tuxe initially contains one retainer 130. ~he aper--B-tures are further aligned so that one retainer in the associated row of retainers is opposite one fas-tener in ~he associated row of fasteners. The two prongs of the fastener are aligned with the two aper-tures in the retainer. Behind each fastener is a fastener pusher 62 slidably mounted in pusher holders ~Oa and 60b (see FIG. 4). During ejection of the fast~ners, the proximal ends of fastener pushers 62 all contact knife-fastener pusher member 63 which also is slidably mounted in fastener holder 52.
Fastener pushers 62 are guided along in the distal direction by sl~ts 59 in pusher holders 60a and 60b into which projections 67 of fastener pushers 62 extend. Access to knife-fastener pusher member 63 is through elongated slot 68 in the proximal side of fastener holder 52 and elongated slot 88 in spring 81, to be discussed in more detail below. F'astener holder 52 normally is biased away from anvil assembly 54 as shown, for example, in FIG. ~, by leaf spring 51 and spring 71. As seen in FIG. 4, one end of leaf spring 51 is mounted in tongue 136 in anvil assembly 54. The other end of leaf spring 51 bear~ against surface 137 inside fastener holder 52. Spring 71 biases pivotal axis 56 to the distal end of slots 105, and is kept in place by projection 75 and cylindrical spa~e 77.
Fastener holder 52 also carries alignment pin 80. In order to pxevent the end of alignment pin BO from partly obstruc~ing the open end of car-tridge 50 when that cartridg~ is open, and thereby pres~nting a possible hazard to ~he tissue being placed in or removed from the instr~ment, alignment pin 80 is reciprocally mounted in fastener holder 52 and provided with means for automatically extending ~he pin during the stapling operation and automati-cally retrac~ing ~he pin when car~ridge 50 is opened.
As shown, for example, in FIG. 4, the proximal end i;7~
_g_ of pin 80 is engaged by the slotted end 84 of leaf spring 81 which extends alon~7 ~he proximal side of fastener hvlder 52 and is anchored at the bottom of fastener holder 52. Leaf spring 81 has an elongated slot 88 which is generally co-extens:ive with slot 68 in fastener holder 52. Leaf spring 81 is arranged so that it is normally inclined away from the pro~i-mal side of fastener holder 52 in the direction toward pin 80 as shown, for example, in FIGS. 2 and 4. In this condition, -pring 81 holds pin 80 in the retracted posi~ion so that distal end 86 of pin 80 does not project from fastener holder ~2. Distal end ~6 of alignment pin 80 is conically-shaped. This en~bles alignment pin 80 to pierce tissue 12 as the pin is extended bey~nd fastener holder surfac~ 55 during the stapling operation.
When tissue 12 is in place between fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54, pivoting clamp actua-tor 70 is pivoted clockwise about its pivotal axis 72 as shown in FIG. 1. This causes camming sur~ace 74 on the distal end of actuator 70 to pivot fastener holder 52 counter-clockwise about its pivotal axis 56, thereby gradually clamping tissue 12 between fastener holder 52 and opposing anvil assembly sur-face 53.
When actuator 70 has been fully pivoted clockwise so that it is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of connecting structure 30 as sho~l in FIG. 3, tissue 12 is then firmly clamped between anvil assembly surface 53 and opposing fas-tener holder ~urface 55. ~s ~astener holder 52 closes on tissue 12 being clamped as shown in FIG. 5, alignment pin 80 pierces ~he tissue and spacer member 57 displace~ the tissue surrounding pin 80 and contacts anvil a~sembly ~urface 53.
Elongated apertuxes 105 allow pivotal axis 56 to translate linearly in the pro~imal direction by a small amount as indicated by arrow 64 in FIG. 5, thereby resulting in fastener holder surface 55 and anvil assembly surface ~3 being parallel and ready for firing of fa~teners 120.
In previous devices available, the presence of tissue extending beyond the stapler would prevent spacer member 57 from contactin~ anvil assembly surface 53 and thereby possibly interfere with proper firiny of the fasteners. In the invention, however, as fastener holder 52 is rotated counter-clockwise by actuator 70 the tissue that would otherwise prevent spacer member 57 from contacting anvil assembly surface 53 is displaced by sloping surfaces 57a and 57b of spacer member 57 (see FIG.
4A). These surfaces slope towards each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the tissue and act to permit furthest-most projection, i.e. surface 57c of spacer member 57 to abut against anvil assembly surface 53.
Proper ali~nment oP fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54 is aided by alignment pin 80 which extends through the side of fastener holder 52 opposite pivotal axis 56 and into alignment pin aperture 82 in anvil assembly 54 as fastener holder surface 55 is pivoted parallel to anvil assembly surface 53. As fastener holder 52 is pivoted counter-clockwise alignment pin 80 extends past spacer member 67 and makes contact with and pushes through the tissue located in front of the alignment pin aperture 82 in the anvil assembly (see FIG. 5). As fastener holder 52 continues to pivot counter-clockwise spacer member 57 reaches the tissue and begins to displace the tissue which is now surrounding alignment pin 80. When fastener holder 52 is fully pivoted, as shown in FIG. 6, spacer member 57 has displaced the tissue so as to abut against anvil assembly surface 53 and ensure parallel ali~nment between fastener holder surface 55 and anvil assembly surface 53.
36 Also, when actuator 70 is fully pivoted clockwise as shown in FIG. 3, driver 76, which is 2~
carrled by actuatvr 70, also is substantially par-allel to the longi~udinal axis of connecting struc-ture 30. The distal end of driver 76 then extends into the proximal side of fastener ho:Lder 52 and is adjacent the proximal surface of knife-fastener pusher member 63 in the fastener holder. Sa.Fety latch 100, which normally keeps actuator lever l:L0 pivoted clock-wise away from handle 30, is now released by pivoting it counter-clockwise up to ~he solid ;Line position shown in FIG. 3. Lever 110 can now be pivoted counter-clockwise about pivotal axis 112 toward handle 20, i.e., by squeezing it toward the handle with the fingers of the hand holding the handle, to actuate ~he fastener driving mechanism.
When lever 110 is pivoted counter-clockwise as just described, the end of lever 110 inside the proximal end of connecting structure 30 contacts the proximal end 78 of driver 76 and drives driver 76 in the distal direction. The distal end of driver 76 contacts the pro~imal surface of Xnife-fastener pusher member 63, thereby driving member 63 in the distal direction and causing it to drive fasteners 120 out of fastener holder 52, through tissue 12, and i~to retainers 130 held in anvil assembly 54. Located slightly proximally of the distal end of fasteners 120 is knife surface 61 of knife-fastener pusher member 63 (see FIG. 9). After fasteners 120 have begun to pierce tissue 12, knife surface 61 begins to cut ~he tissue (see FIG. 1~). As lever 110 is squeQzed fully in the counter-clockwise direction, fasteners 120 lock into retalner~ 130 and knife ~ur-face 61 co~letely severs tissue 12 ( see FIG. 11 ) .
A strip 150 of omewhat flexible, resilient ~aterial, ~uch as nylon, i6 positioned in the anvil assembly ~urface 53 parallel ~o knife surface 61 to pr~vide a surface agai~st which knife ~urface 61 can act to ensure cutting entirely through ~issue 12.
~2~
Strip 150 is fitted into indent 154 in anvil assembly surface 53.
The joining of the tissue is now complete and all that remains to be done is to remove the fasten~d tissue from the instrument. This is accom-plished by releasing lever 110 which, because leaf springs 69 bias knife-fastener pusher me~ber 63 in the proximal direction, causes knife-fastener pusher member 63 to retract into fastener holder 52.
Actuator 70 is rotated in the cou~ter-clockwise direc-tion and fastener holder 52 pivots clockwise away from anvil assembly 54, in response to the pressure of leaf spring 51. Also, spring 81 biases alignment pin 80 away from anvil assembly 54 and thus retracts pin 80 into fastener holder 52. Tissue 12 can now be readily withdrawn from the instrument. Cartridge 50 is now removed from the instrument by pulling anvil assembly 54 out of distal leg 44. The expended car-tridge is discarded and another cartridge is loaded in the instrument if additional tissue fastening is reguired during the surgical procedure. When the surgical procedure is complete, instrument 10 is cleaned and sterilized to prepare it f~r use in another surgical procedure.
; It will be understood that the embodiment shown and described herein is only illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various modifications can be ~ade by those skilled in the art without departi~g from the scope and spirit of the invention. In particular, the invention has been described in conjunction with a disposable car~
tridge and a permanent, reusable instrument. The inventio~ co~ld also have been described in conjunc-tion with a totally disposable ins~r~ment. When the entire instrument is disposable, as much of the in-~trument as possible is preferably made of relatively inexpensive materials such as,plastic or the like.
S~
Preferably only those parts of the instrument which are suhject to high stresses are made of metal.
Also, a cartridge of the type shown here can be used in instruments having many designs othex than the particular instr~ment design herein described. Instxuments having screw oper~ted actuators (see, for example, FIGS. 18-21 of U.S.
patent 4,354,628) or combinations of scre~ and lever actuators are also known in the art and are adaptable for use with the cartridge of this invention.
Finally, the preferred instrument of ~he invention has utilized fasteners and retainers as the means to seal the tissue. ~s described earlier, the invention equally is applicable to a cartridge designed to discharge me~al surgical staples against an anvil as the means of sealing the tissue.
A further aspect of the invention provides a surgical fastener cartridge comprising an anvil assembly having an aperture therein, a fastener holder pivotally connected at one end to said anvil assembly, an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil a~sembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly, and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during pivoting of said holder towards said anvil assembly.
Thus, the inven~ion provides surgical stapling apparatus in which a spacer member on the fastener holder displaces the tissue which would otherwise prevent it from abutting properly against the anvil assembly. An alignment pin i5 shaped also so as to ensure that it can be pushed through the tissue and into the distal portion of the stapler. Proper relative positioning of the , =,i -` ~L25t7~
5a fastener holder and anvil assembly is thereby maintained without requir;ng additional manual steps by the surgeon, thus enabling the patient to spend less ti~e in the operating room. The stapler apparatus also decreases the trauma to the tissue by displacing the tissue in a manner improved from the previously known technique by avoiding the need, with some surgical procedures, to cut the tissue before pushing the alignment pin through.
Embodiments of ~he invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical stapler apparatus constructed in accordance with an embodime~t of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of -the surgical stapler apparatus of FIG. 1 showing how the cartridge is placed into the stapler;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the apparatus in use with tissue clamped and ready for fastening;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a cartridge constructed in accordance with an em~odiment of the invention;
FIG. 4A is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the cartridge of FIG. 4 showing a spacer member;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevational sectional view of a part of the apparatus of FIG. 1 showin~ how the apparatus i9 operated to clamp the tissue to be fastened FIG. ~ is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the condition of the apparatus with the tissue clamped and ready to be fastened;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIGS. 5 and 6 showing how the apparatus operates to fasten the clamped tis~ue;
FIG. 8 i5 a view similar to FIGS. 5-7 showing how the knife-fastener pusher member retracts into the fastener hGlder after the tissue has been joined;
~2S7~
5b FIG. 9 is a top sectional view showing the condition of the apparatus with the tissue clamped and ready to be fastened, similarly to FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a top sectional view similar to FIG.
9 showing the fastener pronys entering the retainers and the knife be~inning to cut the tissue;
FIG. 11 is a top seotional view ~imil~r to FIGS.
9 and 10 showing the fastener prongs inserted fully into the retainers and the knife having cut completely through the tissue; and FIG. 12 is a top sectional view similar to FIGS.
9-11 showing the knife-fastener pusher member in its retracted position, as also shown in FIG. 8.
Although the principles of the invention are applicable to other similar types of surgical stapler apparatus, the inventlon will be understood clearly ~rom an explanation of its application to the surgical stapler apparatus of the type mentioned above. The invention is applicable also to both permanent and disposable apparatus. Accordingly, although the invention will be illustrated ln an embodiment in which a disposable cartridge comprising a fastener holder and an anvil assembly i6 mounted in a permanent instrument, the invention could ~ 25~6 equally be described in use in a totally disposable embodiment.
The suryical stapler apparatus of this invention may be of the type shown in commonly assigned Green U.S. patent 4,354,628. The preferred embodiment is of 6uch a surgical stapler apparatus and the entire disclosure of that patent is incorpo-rated herein by reference. That patent discloses and claims a tissue block spacer member as to which the present invention is an improvement, permitting the stapler to be used in surgical techni~ues in which the entire tissue is not encompassed in the area between the fastener holder and anvil asse~bly~
As shown in FIG. 1, instrument 10 includes handle 20 adjacent th~ proximal end of the instru-ment, a longitudinal connecting structure 30 at approximately a 30-45 angle to handle 20, and an open U-shaped or V-shaped suppor~ structure 40 at the distal end of connecting structure 30. As is better seen in FIG. 3, support structure 40 comprises a proximal leg 42, a distal leg 44, and a base 46 joining one end of each of legs 42 and 44. Support stxucture 40 lies in a plane substantially parallel $o the longitudinal axis of connecting structure 30.
.In use, the instrument is positioned relative to tissue 12 to be fastened, e.g., in gynecologic surgery, so that the ti6sue is generally between legs 42 and 44 and transverse to the plane of support structure ~0. In contrast to prior known uses for surgical staplers of this type having spacer member~, it is intended that tissue 12 ~ill extend pa~t the open ends of legs 42 and 44. The use of kno~n staplers of the type shown in U.S. patent 4,354,628 has been limited to procedures in which the entire tissue could be contained between legs 42 and 44. There are, however, certain operation~ where it either i~
not desirable or possible to pl~ce the 6tapler around 2S'7~6~3 the entire tissue, and this invention enables this stapler to be used for such procedures.
As is more clearly ~een in FIG. 2, the disposable cartridge 50 includes fas1ener holdex 52 and anvil assembly 54. Anvil assembly 54 is mounted into distal leg 44 and fastener holder 52 is mounted into proximal leg 42. The end of cartridge 50 at which pivotal axis 56 is located is inserted into base 46. Pivotal axis 56 allows pivotal motion of fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54 relative to each other and, together with slots 105, also allows a limited amount of motion of the fastener holder perpendicular to anvil as~embly surface 53.
Anvil assembly 54 is designed to slide longitudinally into and out of leg 44 of support structure 40. The distal side of anvil assembly 54 has a distally projecting retaining structuxe 58 which fits between plates 44a and 44b of distal leg 44. Cartridge 50 is releasably retained to leg 44 by a friction fit betweén retaining structure 58 and plates 44a and 44b, and is positioned accurately in the longitudinal direction on leg 44 by the fit be-tween projections 45a and 45b and cut outs 47a and 47b (not shown3 at the corresponding ends of anvil assembly 54. When cartridge 50 is positioned in support structure 40 and projections 45a and 45b are located against cut outs 47a and 47b, anvil assembly 54 will be located between plates 42a and 42b of proximal leg 42.
~ s shown, for exampie, in FIG. 9, anvil assembly 54 has two p~rallel.rows of retainer-containing apertures ~5a and 6Sb which are respec tively aligned with two rows of fastener-containing apertures 66a and 66b located in fastener holder 52~
Each fastener ~ontaining aperture initially contains one fa~tener 120, and each re~ainer-contAining aper-tuxe initially contains one retainer 130. ~he aper--B-tures are further aligned so that one retainer in the associated row of retainers is opposite one fas-tener in ~he associated row of fasteners. The two prongs of the fastener are aligned with the two aper-tures in the retainer. Behind each fastener is a fastener pusher 62 slidably mounted in pusher holders ~Oa and 60b (see FIG. 4). During ejection of the fast~ners, the proximal ends of fastener pushers 62 all contact knife-fastener pusher member 63 which also is slidably mounted in fastener holder 52.
Fastener pushers 62 are guided along in the distal direction by sl~ts 59 in pusher holders 60a and 60b into which projections 67 of fastener pushers 62 extend. Access to knife-fastener pusher member 63 is through elongated slot 68 in the proximal side of fastener holder 52 and elongated slot 88 in spring 81, to be discussed in more detail below. F'astener holder 52 normally is biased away from anvil assembly 54 as shown, for example, in FIG. ~, by leaf spring 51 and spring 71. As seen in FIG. 4, one end of leaf spring 51 is mounted in tongue 136 in anvil assembly 54. The other end of leaf spring 51 bear~ against surface 137 inside fastener holder 52. Spring 71 biases pivotal axis 56 to the distal end of slots 105, and is kept in place by projection 75 and cylindrical spa~e 77.
Fastener holder 52 also carries alignment pin 80. In order to pxevent the end of alignment pin BO from partly obstruc~ing the open end of car-tridge 50 when that cartridg~ is open, and thereby pres~nting a possible hazard to ~he tissue being placed in or removed from the instr~ment, alignment pin 80 is reciprocally mounted in fastener holder 52 and provided with means for automatically extending ~he pin during the stapling operation and automati-cally retrac~ing ~he pin when car~ridge 50 is opened.
As shown, for example, in FIG. 4, the proximal end i;7~
_g_ of pin 80 is engaged by the slotted end 84 of leaf spring 81 which extends alon~7 ~he proximal side of fastener hvlder 52 and is anchored at the bottom of fastener holder 52. Leaf spring 81 has an elongated slot 88 which is generally co-extens:ive with slot 68 in fastener holder 52. Leaf spring 81 is arranged so that it is normally inclined away from the pro~i-mal side of fastener holder 52 in the direction toward pin 80 as shown, for example, in FIGS. 2 and 4. In this condition, -pring 81 holds pin 80 in the retracted posi~ion so that distal end 86 of pin 80 does not project from fastener holder ~2. Distal end ~6 of alignment pin 80 is conically-shaped. This en~bles alignment pin 80 to pierce tissue 12 as the pin is extended bey~nd fastener holder surfac~ 55 during the stapling operation.
When tissue 12 is in place between fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54, pivoting clamp actua-tor 70 is pivoted clockwise about its pivotal axis 72 as shown in FIG. 1. This causes camming sur~ace 74 on the distal end of actuator 70 to pivot fastener holder 52 counter-clockwise about its pivotal axis 56, thereby gradually clamping tissue 12 between fastener holder 52 and opposing anvil assembly sur-face 53.
When actuator 70 has been fully pivoted clockwise so that it is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of connecting structure 30 as sho~l in FIG. 3, tissue 12 is then firmly clamped between anvil assembly surface 53 and opposing fas-tener holder ~urface 55. ~s ~astener holder 52 closes on tissue 12 being clamped as shown in FIG. 5, alignment pin 80 pierces ~he tissue and spacer member 57 displace~ the tissue surrounding pin 80 and contacts anvil a~sembly ~urface 53.
Elongated apertuxes 105 allow pivotal axis 56 to translate linearly in the pro~imal direction by a small amount as indicated by arrow 64 in FIG. 5, thereby resulting in fastener holder surface 55 and anvil assembly surface ~3 being parallel and ready for firing of fa~teners 120.
In previous devices available, the presence of tissue extending beyond the stapler would prevent spacer member 57 from contactin~ anvil assembly surface 53 and thereby possibly interfere with proper firiny of the fasteners. In the invention, however, as fastener holder 52 is rotated counter-clockwise by actuator 70 the tissue that would otherwise prevent spacer member 57 from contacting anvil assembly surface 53 is displaced by sloping surfaces 57a and 57b of spacer member 57 (see FIG.
4A). These surfaces slope towards each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the tissue and act to permit furthest-most projection, i.e. surface 57c of spacer member 57 to abut against anvil assembly surface 53.
Proper ali~nment oP fastener holder 52 and anvil assembly 54 is aided by alignment pin 80 which extends through the side of fastener holder 52 opposite pivotal axis 56 and into alignment pin aperture 82 in anvil assembly 54 as fastener holder surface 55 is pivoted parallel to anvil assembly surface 53. As fastener holder 52 is pivoted counter-clockwise alignment pin 80 extends past spacer member 67 and makes contact with and pushes through the tissue located in front of the alignment pin aperture 82 in the anvil assembly (see FIG. 5). As fastener holder 52 continues to pivot counter-clockwise spacer member 57 reaches the tissue and begins to displace the tissue which is now surrounding alignment pin 80. When fastener holder 52 is fully pivoted, as shown in FIG. 6, spacer member 57 has displaced the tissue so as to abut against anvil assembly surface 53 and ensure parallel ali~nment between fastener holder surface 55 and anvil assembly surface 53.
36 Also, when actuator 70 is fully pivoted clockwise as shown in FIG. 3, driver 76, which is 2~
carrled by actuatvr 70, also is substantially par-allel to the longi~udinal axis of connecting struc-ture 30. The distal end of driver 76 then extends into the proximal side of fastener ho:Lder 52 and is adjacent the proximal surface of knife-fastener pusher member 63 in the fastener holder. Sa.Fety latch 100, which normally keeps actuator lever l:L0 pivoted clock-wise away from handle 30, is now released by pivoting it counter-clockwise up to ~he solid ;Line position shown in FIG. 3. Lever 110 can now be pivoted counter-clockwise about pivotal axis 112 toward handle 20, i.e., by squeezing it toward the handle with the fingers of the hand holding the handle, to actuate ~he fastener driving mechanism.
When lever 110 is pivoted counter-clockwise as just described, the end of lever 110 inside the proximal end of connecting structure 30 contacts the proximal end 78 of driver 76 and drives driver 76 in the distal direction. The distal end of driver 76 contacts the pro~imal surface of Xnife-fastener pusher member 63, thereby driving member 63 in the distal direction and causing it to drive fasteners 120 out of fastener holder 52, through tissue 12, and i~to retainers 130 held in anvil assembly 54. Located slightly proximally of the distal end of fasteners 120 is knife surface 61 of knife-fastener pusher member 63 (see FIG. 9). After fasteners 120 have begun to pierce tissue 12, knife surface 61 begins to cut ~he tissue (see FIG. 1~). As lever 110 is squeQzed fully in the counter-clockwise direction, fasteners 120 lock into retalner~ 130 and knife ~ur-face 61 co~letely severs tissue 12 ( see FIG. 11 ) .
A strip 150 of omewhat flexible, resilient ~aterial, ~uch as nylon, i6 positioned in the anvil assembly ~urface 53 parallel ~o knife surface 61 to pr~vide a surface agai~st which knife ~urface 61 can act to ensure cutting entirely through ~issue 12.
~2~
Strip 150 is fitted into indent 154 in anvil assembly surface 53.
The joining of the tissue is now complete and all that remains to be done is to remove the fasten~d tissue from the instrument. This is accom-plished by releasing lever 110 which, because leaf springs 69 bias knife-fastener pusher me~ber 63 in the proximal direction, causes knife-fastener pusher member 63 to retract into fastener holder 52.
Actuator 70 is rotated in the cou~ter-clockwise direc-tion and fastener holder 52 pivots clockwise away from anvil assembly 54, in response to the pressure of leaf spring 51. Also, spring 81 biases alignment pin 80 away from anvil assembly 54 and thus retracts pin 80 into fastener holder 52. Tissue 12 can now be readily withdrawn from the instrument. Cartridge 50 is now removed from the instrument by pulling anvil assembly 54 out of distal leg 44. The expended car-tridge is discarded and another cartridge is loaded in the instrument if additional tissue fastening is reguired during the surgical procedure. When the surgical procedure is complete, instrument 10 is cleaned and sterilized to prepare it f~r use in another surgical procedure.
; It will be understood that the embodiment shown and described herein is only illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various modifications can be ~ade by those skilled in the art without departi~g from the scope and spirit of the invention. In particular, the invention has been described in conjunction with a disposable car~
tridge and a permanent, reusable instrument. The inventio~ co~ld also have been described in conjunc-tion with a totally disposable ins~r~ment. When the entire instrument is disposable, as much of the in-~trument as possible is preferably made of relatively inexpensive materials such as,plastic or the like.
S~
Preferably only those parts of the instrument which are suhject to high stresses are made of metal.
Also, a cartridge of the type shown here can be used in instruments having many designs othex than the particular instr~ment design herein described. Instxuments having screw oper~ted actuators (see, for example, FIGS. 18-21 of U.S.
patent 4,354,628) or combinations of scre~ and lever actuators are also known in the art and are adaptable for use with the cartridge of this invention.
Finally, the preferred instrument of ~he invention has utilized fasteners and retainers as the means to seal the tissue. ~s described earlier, the invention equally is applicable to a cartridge designed to discharge me~al surgical staples against an anvil as the means of sealing the tissue.
Claims (16)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A surgical fastener cartridge for use with an actuator assembly including a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion for simultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising an anvil assembly;
a fastener holder pivotally connected to the anvil assembly adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including fastener driving means for substantially simultaneously driving all of the fasteners from the fastener holder;
means associated with the anvil assembly for allowing the cartridge to be removably mounted on the actuator frame so that the anvil assembly is adjacent a first leg of the U-shaped portion, so that the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder is adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, and so that the fastener holder is adjacent a second leg of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder being movable relative to the frame when the cartridge is thus mounted on the frame 50 that when the fastener holder is pivoted away from the anvil assembly, the tissue to be fastened can be positioned between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder via the open side of the U-shaped portion;
spacer means located adjacent the side of the cartridge opposite the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder for maintaining a predetermined minimum spacing between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly;
the improvement comprising means associated with the spacer means for displacing tissue which extends beyond the ends of the fastener holder and anvil assembly to ensure that the fastener holder and anvil assembly are positioned correctly relative to each other after the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, said tissue displacing means comprising two surfaces sloping toward each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the tissue.
a fastener holder pivotally connected to the anvil assembly adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including fastener driving means for substantially simultaneously driving all of the fasteners from the fastener holder;
means associated with the anvil assembly for allowing the cartridge to be removably mounted on the actuator frame so that the anvil assembly is adjacent a first leg of the U-shaped portion, so that the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder is adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, and so that the fastener holder is adjacent a second leg of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder being movable relative to the frame when the cartridge is thus mounted on the frame 50 that when the fastener holder is pivoted away from the anvil assembly, the tissue to be fastened can be positioned between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder via the open side of the U-shaped portion;
spacer means located adjacent the side of the cartridge opposite the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder for maintaining a predetermined minimum spacing between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly;
the improvement comprising means associated with the spacer means for displacing tissue which extends beyond the ends of the fastener holder and anvil assembly to ensure that the fastener holder and anvil assembly are positioned correctly relative to each other after the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly, said tissue displacing means comprising two surfaces sloping toward each other to form a knife-like edge to displace the tissue.
2. A cartridge as defined in claim 1, in which the tissue displacing means further comprises two U-shaped surfaces extending from the surface of the fastener holder.
3. A cartridge as defined in claim 1, further comprising alignment means located adjacent the side of the cartridge opposite the pivotal connection between the anvil assembly and the fastener holder for aligning the anvil assembly and fastener holder in a direction parallel to the pivotal axis when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly to clamp the tissue to be fastened between the fastener holder and the anvil assembly, the alignment means comprising surface portions associated with each of the fastener holder and anvil assembly, the surface portions being substantially perpendicular to the pivotal axis and being substantially rigid in a direction parallel to the pivotal axis, the surface portions associated with the fastener holder contacting the surface portions associated with the anvil assembly when the fastener holder is pivoted toward the anvil assembly to clamp the tissue.
4. A cartridge as defined in claim 3, wherein the alignment means comprises a pin substantially perpendicular to the pivotal axis which extends into both the fastener holder and the anvil assembly when the fastener holder and anvil assembly are pivoted toward one another to clamp the tissue.
5. A cartridge defined in claim 4, wherein the tip of the pin is conically-shaped to enable it to penetrate tissue obstructing the aperture into which the pin is to be inserted when the fastener holder and anvil assembly are pivoted toward one another to clamp the tissue.
6. A surgical actuator assembly utilizing a surgical fastener cartridge as defined in claim 1 or claim 3, comprising a rigid frame having a normally open peripheral portion for admitting body tissue to be fastened into an interior region of the frame, and clamp actuator means for pivoting the fastener holder toward the anvil assembly to clamp the tissue.
7. A cartridge as defined in claim 1, further comprising knife means for cutting the tissue clamped between the fastener holder and the anvil assembly.
8. A cartridge as defined in claim 7, wherein the distal end of the knife means is positioned proximally of the distal end of the fasteners held in the fastener holder and further comprising knife driving means associated with the fastener driving means for simultaneously driving the fasteners and the knife means from the fastener holder.
9. A surgical stapler for simultaneously forming a plurality of surgical fasteners in body tissue comprising:
a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion;
an anvil assembly mounted on a first leg of the U-shaped portion so that the anvil assembly is stationary relative to the frame;
a fastener holder disposed adjacent the second leg of the U-shaped portion and being pivotally mounted adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the pivotal mounting being adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including means for simultaneously driving the fasteners from the fastener holder;
actuator means mounted on the frame for pivoting the fastener holder toward the anvil assembly and actuating the means for driving the fasteners from the fastener holder;
an alignment pin mounted on said holder and having an end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder; and a spacer member at a location remote from the pivotal mounting of the fastener holder for contacting a portion of the anvil assembly opposite the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted to span the normally open peripheral portion and for maintaining a gap between the remainder of the fastener holder and the anvil assembly;
wherein the spacer member is shaped 50 that, when tissue extends past the open peripheral portion of the retaining holder and fastener holder, the tissue pierced by said pin is displaced as the fastener holder closes against the anvil assembly to ensure that the proper minimum distance is achieved between the fastener holder and the anvil assembly.
a rigid frame having a U-shaped portion;
an anvil assembly mounted on a first leg of the U-shaped portion so that the anvil assembly is stationary relative to the frame;
a fastener holder disposed adjacent the second leg of the U-shaped portion and being pivotally mounted adjacent one end of the anvil assembly, the pivotal mounting being adjacent the base of the U-shaped portion, the fastener holder containing a plurality of surgical fasteners and including means for simultaneously driving the fasteners from the fastener holder;
actuator means mounted on the frame for pivoting the fastener holder toward the anvil assembly and actuating the means for driving the fasteners from the fastener holder;
an alignment pin mounted on said holder and having an end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder; and a spacer member at a location remote from the pivotal mounting of the fastener holder for contacting a portion of the anvil assembly opposite the fastener holder when the fastener holder is pivoted to span the normally open peripheral portion and for maintaining a gap between the remainder of the fastener holder and the anvil assembly;
wherein the spacer member is shaped 50 that, when tissue extends past the open peripheral portion of the retaining holder and fastener holder, the tissue pierced by said pin is displaced as the fastener holder closes against the anvil assembly to ensure that the proper minimum distance is achieved between the fastener holder and the anvil assembly.
10. A surgical fastener cartridge comprising an anvil assembly having an aperture therein;
a fastener holder pivotally connected at one end to said anvil assembly;
an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil assembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly;
and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during pivoting of said holder towards said anvil assembly.
a fastener holder pivotally connected at one end to said anvil assembly;
an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil assembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly;
and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during pivoting of said holder towards said anvil assembly.
11. A surgical fastener cartridge as set forth in claim 10, wherein said pin end is conically-shaped.
12. A surgical fastener cartridge as set forth in claim 10 or 11, wherein said surfaces of said spacer member form a knife-like edge to displace tissue.
13. In combination, an anvil assembly having an aperture therein;
a fastener holder movably mounted relative to said anvil assembly;
an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil assembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly;
and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during movement of said holder and anvil assembly towards each other.
a fastener holder movably mounted relative to said anvil assembly;
an alignment pin mounted on said fastener holder at an opposite end thereof for reception in said aperture of said anvil assembly, said pin having a shaped end for piercing tissue disposed between said anvil assembly and said holder and over said opening of said anvil assembly;
and a spacer member mounted on said opposite end of said fastener for abutting said anvil assembly about said opening therein, said spacer member having surfaces shaped to displace the tissue pierced by said pin during movement of said holder and anvil assembly towards each other.
14. A combination as set forth in claim 13, which further comprises means for moving said pin end from said holder into said aperture of said anvil assembly.
15. A combination as set forth in claim 14 or 15, wherein said pin end is conically-shaped.
16. A combination as set forth in claim 14 or 15, wherein said surfaces of said spacer member form a knife-like edge to displace tissue.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/763,981 US4665916A (en) | 1985-08-09 | 1985-08-09 | Surgical stapler apparatus |
US763,981 | 1985-08-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1257169A true CA1257169A (en) | 1989-07-11 |
Family
ID=25069364
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000515423A Expired CA1257169A (en) | 1985-08-09 | 1986-08-06 | Surgical stapler apparatus |
Country Status (6)
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---|---|
US (1) | US4665916A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0213817A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6290146A (en) |
AU (1) | AU588346B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8603807A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1257169A (en) |
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SU449524A1 (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1976-05-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Surgical apparatus for cross-linking of organs |
SU487492A1 (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1976-05-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Surgical stapler |
SU549145A1 (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1977-03-05 | Петрозаводский государственный университет им.О.В.Куусинена | Surgical stapler |
US4047654A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-09-13 | Alfredo Alvarado | Surgical stapler |
US4086926A (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1978-05-02 | United States Surgical Corporation | Ligating and dividing organic structures |
SU1036324A1 (en) * | 1978-03-31 | 1983-08-23 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Surgical suturing device |
SU886897A1 (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1981-12-07 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Медицинской Техники | Surgical apparatus for applying side gastroenterostomy |
US4216891A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-08-12 | Behlke Harold O | Surgical stapler |
US4272002A (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-06-09 | Lawrence M. Smith | Internal surgical stapler |
SU1022703A1 (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1983-06-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Device for correcting and fixing vertebral column of patients ill with scoliosis surgical apparatus for applying compression sutures |
US4429695A (en) * | 1980-02-05 | 1984-02-07 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instruments |
US4485811A (en) * | 1980-02-08 | 1984-12-04 | Vsesojuzny Nauchny Tsentr Khirurgii | Resection apparatus |
US4296881A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-27 | Sukoo Lee | Surgical stapler using cartridge |
US4378901A (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1983-04-05 | Akopov Ernest M | Apparatus for applying a staple suture |
US4354628A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-10-19 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapler apparatus having pivotally related staple holder and anvil |
US4402444A (en) * | 1981-04-20 | 1983-09-06 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapling instrument with automatic frame reinforcement |
US4383634A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-05-17 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapler apparatus with pivotally mounted actuator assemblies |
US4415112A (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1983-11-15 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical stapling assembly having resiliently mounted anvil |
US4506671A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1985-03-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Apparatus for applying two-part surgical fasteners |
US4506670A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1985-03-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Two-part surgical fastener applying apparatus with frangible member |
US4508253A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-04-02 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical fastener applying apparatus |
-
1985
- 1985-08-09 US US06/763,981 patent/US4665916A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-08-06 CA CA000515423A patent/CA1257169A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-08-08 BR BR8603807A patent/BR8603807A/en unknown
- 1986-08-08 AU AU60991/86A patent/AU588346B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-08-08 EP EP86306150A patent/EP0213817A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-08-09 JP JP61187648A patent/JPS6290146A/en active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0568259B2 (en) | 1993-09-28 |
AU588346B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
BR8603807A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
US4665916A (en) | 1987-05-19 |
AU6099186A (en) | 1987-02-12 |
EP0213817A1 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
JPS6290146A (en) | 1987-04-24 |
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