CA1220031A

CA1220031A - Green-house curtain

Info

Publication number: CA1220031A
Application number: CA000440811A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Goran Henningsson
Original assignee: Ludvig Svensson International BV
Current assignee: Ludvig Svensson International BV
Priority date: 1982-11-10
Filing date: 1983-11-09
Publication date: 1987-04-07
Also published as: FI844857A0; FI844857L; AU2208283A; US4632863A; EP0109951B1; AU1601688A; DD211053A1; IL70174A; ES284531U; IL70174A0; SE8206399L; ZA838374B; PL139335B1; ES284531Y; FI75877B; EP0109951A1; JPS59501973A; EP0141816A1; SE8206399D0; DK333684D0

Abstract

Abstract of disclosure A woven or knitted fabric especially a green-house curtain, in which the connecting part consists of textile threads and the covering part mainly consists of foil strips of a material which reflects and/or absorbs heat radiation. the foil strips are arranged tightly edge to edge and form an essentially unbroken connected surface and the connecting threads extending in the longitudinal direction of the material path are preferably located on one of the sides - the underside- of the fabric.

Description

The present invention rel.ates to a green-house curtain or the like which comprises strips of a flexible material such as foil strips, which by means of textile threads engaging the strips are connected with each other.

Curtains have been successfully used as shading means in green-houses for a number of years. The green-house curtain, also called the shading web, has replaced the previously common lime painting of the glass sur~aces of the green house, and has also provided other advantages. Thus it can be assured that the cold which occurs when -the ven-tila-tor doors are opened is eliminated and a continuous ventilation and heat distribution is ob-tained. Further, the shading fabric blocks the sunshine which is let in through -the open ventilator doors. As a result of -this the supply-ing of nutritive liquid to the plan-ts cultivation can be more regular and at a lower level, at -the same time as the difficult and risky job with the lime painting of the glass surfaces and -the removal of the paint can be completely eliminated. It is also important that the green-house curtain is movable, i.e. that it is rollable and drapable, so that in a simple way it can be pulled across or aside for regula-ting the light, at the same time as it when it is rolled up or draped does not require any large space.
The high costs for heating green-houses have enforced demands for a better heating insulation, and these wall linings with different type of foils alone or -together with celling covering of a shading web, which have been pre~
viously used, gave almost insignificant heat savings. This mainly depends on the fact tha-t the insulating efficiency of these materials are --ow .

Insulating is needed on different situations a) for strong radiatiorl of the sun (range of wave lenghts 300-2.800), b) for low radiation during cold days to get a "positive balance o~ an0rgy", i e. the losses of heat are much higher than the excess of radiation during day time (windy, cloudy and cold days), c) convec-tion losses at night, di heat losses by radiation at night e) ventilating losses at night ~ condensation losseq at night 9~ combination of the above To manage the above demands conventional textile material are not su~ficient.

It is n~cessary to on one hand use materials which are transparent and/or reflecting for sun ligh~ and on the other hand materials which are highly re~lecting or low emitting for long wave radiation. The combination fo the~e qualities is not to find in te~tile materials, but in foils.

A foil is however not suitable for the purpose since it LS
diffusion proof, gathers water pockets, fractures, decays by sun light and is very stiff for being/draped, which is the established way to apply the fabric in a green-house.
Condensing dropc a~0 besides formQd on the inside, which can not be allowed.

~ '3'31'3~

DF.-A-2836375 de3cribes a crocheted fabric consisting e-F a net lik yarn structure, in the open net loops of which are laid strips of a ~lexible material, for example plastic foil strips. The purpose of this technique is to achieve a greater richness of variation a~ regards the pattern of the -fabricO
Thus it is possible to use foil paths with imprinted patterns which before the introduction into the crocheted goods are cut out to strips, so that the completed~ goods shows the same pattern as the foil path, but optically i3 open-worked by the textile threads. Such a croche-ted a:rticle is suitable for decorative purposes, such as for çurtains in which the main purpose is to be decorativ~, bùt cannot be used as green-house curtains, ~ince they can neither reflec~ nor absorb sun light in the grade which is required by yreen-hous curtains. Fusthermore the connection between the foil strips and the textile connecting threads is such that the relativly smooth strips are fixed against displacement. If the strips are not fixed, they will c~use openings in the curtain with their displacement, at which the ~un ray~ can pcnetrate and reach the plants, which should be protected against the cun. More over such "perforation" of the curtain results in that the heat insulating capacity is considerably reduced as the hot air can pass through thc curtain. A perforation also results in that condensing water, instead of being distributed over a larger surface where an evaporation may occur, flows through the openings, at which a great damage can occur on the plants.

Swedish patent publication No. 8001544-9 discloses a green-house curtain as an insulating fabric, which between th~ double parallel textile p~ths strips of a heat radiation reflective material are located. Thi~
double insulating fabric has certainly a very good in~ulating effect and reflecting efficiency, but as it requires double textile paths, which through a special arrangemant are connected with each oth~r, the manufacturing price becomes r~lativly high at the same time as ths double paths at the rolling, draping or bringing together sideways requires a relatively large space.

.~ .

3~

Swiss patent 138000 discloses tlle use of metal foil strips for textile purposes, said strips beiny used in or~er to bring about effects of applied industrial art, such as through using the stri.ps in twisted form or through wrapping up them about a yarn.

The present invention provides a green-house cur-tain, which fulfills the following requirements: a) drapable and rollable in both direction of the material path; b) sub-stantially tight against thermal air flows, but water--trans-mitting, so that no water gathering occurs if the green-house curtain is arranged horizontally; c) able to be manu-Eac-tured in very large widths, for example, 6 me-ters withou-t seams; d) release a certain amount of water vapour; e) dur-lS able against mechanical damage as well as UV-decomposition;
f) able.to be manu:Eactured in several alternative designsr such as, high reflective low emitting, transparen-t, semi-transparent, for certain radiation (through, for example, matalizing); and g) able to be made two-sided, i.e. having a textile property on one side, for example the underside, and a non-textile property on the other side, the upperside, so that the underside can bind the condensing wa-ter and upper-side can reflect solar radiation.

According to the present invention thereEore there is provided a curtain particularly a green-house curtain which comprises a plurality of flexible strips extending only in the longi.tud.inal direction of the fabric and which by means of textile threads in a yarn framework are connec-ted to each other, said strips being selected from materials p.roviding the desired heat and light reflection, transmis-sion and absorption properties for a green-house curtain, said yarn framework consisting of transverse and longitudi-nal connec-tion threads forming a connected framework, -the longitudinal connection threads being located substantially ~r~ ~r~ r~ t~e si~les ~ t~e str.i~s, near the interval ~ 4 -\

3~

between adjacent strips, the transverse connection threads being located on the upper and on the under side of the fabric engaging the longitudinal threads, the width of the strips corresponding to the interval space between -the lon-gitudinal connection threads with only the transverse con-nection threads therebetween, and the connection threads consisting oE a material which is capable of absorbing water by capillary action.

Thus, according to -the invention there is provided a green-house curtain of the initially mentioned -type where the strips at least partly consists of a low-emitting material and/or a material which reflects and/or absorbs heat radiation that the width of the strips corresponds to the space between the connecting threads in the longi-tudinal direction of the material paths, e.g. the water, so that the strips are located side by side tightly to each o-ther with only the water between them, forming an essentially unbroken connected surface, that the connecting threads substantially are located on one of the side of -the fabric, preferably the underside, that the textile threads consists of a material which by influence of heat is shrinkable and through capil-lary effect is damp-]ceeping, and that -the strips are thermo-mechanically fixed to the yarn framework formed by the tex-tile threads.

In one embodiment of the presen-t invention the connection threads consist of a material which is heat-shrunk, so that the strips are thermomechanically fixed to -the yarn ~ramework formed by the connection threads.
Desirably the connection threads on one side of the fabric are thinner than on the other side. Preferably -the one side is the upper side. Suitably the thinner threads on the upper side of the fabric are made of a transparent material.
Desirably the strips on one surface are metalized and low heat-emitting and on the other surface are heat absorbing.

~ 9 _ 5 _ ~¢)~3~

Preferably the strips consist of a material which completely or partly transmits visible light. Suitably the connection -threads on one side oE the fabric are arranged closer and/or are thicker than on the opposite side. Preferably the con-nection threads on the under side of the fabric are arranged closer and/or are thicker than on t.he opposi-te side. Sui-tably the curtain consists of a warp-knitted fabric, in which the strips make the warp. Desirably the curtain con-sists of a woven fabric, in which the strips make the warp and the transverse connection threads make the weft and in which reinforcing warp threads making said longi-tudinal con-nection threads are arranged on the under side of the fab-ric.

The invention will be described in the following referring to the accompanying drawinys, in which:-Fig~ 1 shows on an enlarged scale the mesh pattern of a crocheted fabric according to the invention, in which for clarity the space between the strips are grea-tly exag-gerated; and Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale and schemati-cally a cross-section through a fabric according to the invention-The fabric according to the invention comprises a plurality of narrow foil strips 10, which are connected by textile threads. The foil strips are arranged tightly edge to edge, so that tthey form an essentially connected surface.
In the embodiment shown in Fig.s 1 and 2 the foil s-trips 10 are connected to each o-ther through a knitting procedure.
Fig. 1 shows the mesh pattern for a fabric manufactured through warp knitting at which four guide bars are used, one for the foil strips 10, two for the transverse these extend-ing connection threads 11,12 and the fourth for the longi-B ~ 5a --tudinal connection -threads 13.

The spaces between -the foil strips 10 have been greatly exaggerated in order to make the mesh pattern clear.
In reality the foil strips 10 are located tigh-tly edge to edge. The longitudinal connection threads 13 are arranged on the one side of the fabri.c, the underside, while the f ~b B

3~

transverse threads are located on both sides of the fabric, the upper and the underside. ~l~he connection between -the longitudinal and transverse threads are made on the under side of the fabric, as it appears from Fig. 2. The foil strips can by tha-t be put -tightly edge to edge and the unbroken connected surface on -the upper side of the fabric becomes as large as possible.

The underside has a -tex-tile character. The threads on the underside are thicker and/or arranged more tightly than the upperside. Those thinner -threads on the upperside of the fabric can be manufactured by a transparent material.

The foil strips 1~ can be of different materials in order to give them desirable properties. By using a sun-light transparent foil, which is not transparent for heat radiation, 3~

lt i~ possible to obtain a light shading against sunlight.
aesides it is achieved an extra insulating ~uring c~ld, cloudy, windy days without mi~ing more light for this rPason.
A heat insula~ing at night is obtained too.

With a partly ~unlight transparen~ foil~ which can be metalllzed` and for this rea30n reflecting or low ~mitting against heat radiation is obtaine~ a greatlshading effQct compared with th~ above.

Such a fabric can be suitable in hot countries to ke~p the haat out~id~ the house effectively, or in oth~r connections, whare a very goo~ hea~ insulation is desired.

A foil which is low emitting for all radiation can be used 40r heat insulation at night and for darkening at day.

One side of the foil strips Ithe under side9 can be provided with a black layer absorbing heat radiation, while the upper side is metalized and aboveall with high reflecting.

To keep the ~abric free from condensing drops on the underside thi~ mu~t ~e kept w~rm. This is possible by making the upper side low-emitt~ring and the underside absorbing. ~y arranging the threads tLghtly on the un~erside and with ~xtra thickness, thi~ side can be compared with a textlle material and can bind relatively larg~ amounts of water capillary. ~y that cond~nsing drop~ and a wet upperside are avoided, which i~ Lt becom~s wet no longer is low emitting The advantages with such a fabric oonsisting of narrow strips compared to a continou3 foil are many: i~ is more pliable and can be draped and rolled up, it is not wat~r, or diffusion light and can be thereforQ not collect water vapour, it can be made very durable and it can be givan a textile property on one side.

After that the fabric i~ manufactured it is preferably ~7 ~L~Z¢~ 8 exterted to thermo fixation, of which it ~nder 'c~n~ion i5 passed through a heat zone of ~bout 150 C~

g . ~ ~ :

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OF PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A curtain which comprises a plurality of flexible strips extending only in longitudinal direction of the fabric and which by means of textile threads in a yarn framework are connected to each other, said strips being selected from materials providing the desired heat and light reflection, transmission and absorption properties for a green-house curtain, said yarn framework consisting of transverse and longitudinal connection threads forming a connected framework, the longitudinal connection threads being located substantially on only one of the sides of the strips, near the interval between adjacent strips, the tran-sverse connection threads being located on the upper and on the under side of the fabric engaging the longitudinal threads, the width of the strips corresponding to the inter-val space between the longitudinal connection threads with only the transverse connection threads therebetween, and the connection threads consisting of a material which is capable of absorbing water by capillary action.

2. A curtain according to claim 1 which is a green-house curtain.

3. A curtain according to claim 2, in which the longitudinal connection threads are located on the under side of the strips.

4. A green-house curtain according to claim 2 in which the connection threads consist consist of a material which is heat-shrunk, so that the strips are thermomechani-cally fixed to the yarn framework formed by the connection threads.

5. A green-house curtain according to claim 2 in which the connection threads on one side of the fabric are thinner than on the other side.

6. A curtain according to claim 5 in which the one side is the upper side.

7. A green-house curtain according to claim 6 in which the thinner threads on the upper side of the fabric are made of a transparent material.

8. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in which the strips on one surface are metallized and low heat-emitting and on the other surface are heat absorb ing.

9. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in which the strips consist of a material which com-pletely or partly transmits visible light.

10. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in which the connection threads on one side of the fabric are arranged closer and/or are thicker than on the opposite side.

11. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 in which the connection threads on the under side of the fabric are arranged closer and/or are thicker than on the opposite side.

12. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 which consists of a warp-knitted fabric, in which the strips make the warp.

13. A green-house curtain according to claim 2, 3 or 4 which consists of a woven fabric, in which the strips make the warp and the transverse connection threads make the weft and in which reinforcing warp threads making said lon-gitudinal connection threads are arranged on the under side of the fabric.