CA1194804A - Saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels - Google Patents
Saddle riding type motorcar having four wheelsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1194804A CA1194804A CA000420899A CA420899A CA1194804A CA 1194804 A CA1194804 A CA 1194804A CA 000420899 A CA000420899 A CA 000420899A CA 420899 A CA420899 A CA 420899A CA 1194804 A CA1194804 A CA 1194804A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- frames
- motorcar
- wheels
- pair
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/01—Motorcycles with four or more wheels
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A new and unique saddle-riding type motorcar having four wheels comprising two front wheels and two rear wheels, wherein each of the front and rear wheels has a balloon tire mounted thereon and only the front wheels are rotatably supported on axles in such a manner as to turn in both directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the motorcar and the latter is steered by steering the front wheels by means of a bar handle constituting a steering mechanism. The motorcar includes a frame structure comprising a pair of upper frames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames, said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore-end portions extending downward from a bent portion at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined portions extending rearward by a certain distance from said bent portion at a gentle downward slope, said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected to the pair of upper frames by way of a fore axle at their fore end and by way of vertically extending frames at their rear end and said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames so as to connect one of the upper frames to the other and one of the lower frames to the other. A steering head is located at the bent portion of the upper frames. Supporting sections are disposed at both the end-parts of the fore axle and at the rearmost end-parts of the lower frames to support the wheels. A suspension mechanism may be disposed at least on one of the front wheels and the rear wheels and each of the rear wheels may include an independent driving axle adapted to be swingably supported by means of an independent swing arm and an independent suspension mechanism.
A new and unique saddle-riding type motorcar having four wheels comprising two front wheels and two rear wheels, wherein each of the front and rear wheels has a balloon tire mounted thereon and only the front wheels are rotatably supported on axles in such a manner as to turn in both directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the motorcar and the latter is steered by steering the front wheels by means of a bar handle constituting a steering mechanism. The motorcar includes a frame structure comprising a pair of upper frames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames, said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore-end portions extending downward from a bent portion at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined portions extending rearward by a certain distance from said bent portion at a gentle downward slope, said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected to the pair of upper frames by way of a fore axle at their fore end and by way of vertically extending frames at their rear end and said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames so as to connect one of the upper frames to the other and one of the lower frames to the other. A steering head is located at the bent portion of the upper frames. Supporting sections are disposed at both the end-parts of the fore axle and at the rearmost end-parts of the lower frames to support the wheels. A suspension mechanism may be disposed at least on one of the front wheels and the rear wheels and each of the rear wheels may include an independent driving axle adapted to be swingably supported by means of an independent swing arm and an independent suspension mechanism.
Description
The present invention relates to a saddle ricling -type motorcar having four wheels comprising two front wheels and two rear wheels which assures remarkable improvement in maneuverability.
As is well known, a vehlcle specially designed for running on the rugged ground or land is required to keep its body ln the well-balanced state while it runs thereon with a driver riding on it. In view of the above requirement motorcars having three wheels have been hitherto used widely which essentially comprise a modification from the conventional motorcycles. However, it has been found that the conventional three wheel type motorcars have a drawback of reduced stability of the body caused by displacement of the dead weight of the driver at the time of quick turn.
On the other hand, the conventional four wheel ';ype motor~
cars are designed to use a circular handle or an aircraft handle for operating a steering mechanism and a sitting type seat as a seat and thereby it becomes difficult to carry out quick turns with accompanying displacement of the dead weight of the drlver accompanied and moreover keep the body of the motorcars in the well~
balanced stage.
It is particularly important to mount a suspension mechan-ism on the vehicles specially designed for running on rugged ground or land in order to assure stable maneuverability during their operation. It has been often found that when either or both of the left and right wheels is subjected to shock due to rugged-ness on the ground or land during running or driving, the conven-tional vehicles tend to incline because any shock imparted to the wheel is transmitted directly to the body, thus resulting in reduced operative stability during running or driving.
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Hence, the present invention is intended to obviate the drawbacks as described above with respect to the conventional vehicles or motorcars specially designed for running or driving on rugged ground or land.
It is an object of the present invention -to provide a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels which assures remarkable improvement in maneuverability and operative stabili-ty.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a frame structure for the saddle riding type motorcar on which i-t is easy to mount an engine and other associated parts and compon-ents in the space defined by the frame structure, is compact in dimension and has excellent mechanical strength.
To accomplish -the above objects there is proposed in accordance with the present invention a saddle riding type motor-car having four wheels comprising: two :Eront wheels and two rear wheels; a frame structure comprising a pair of upper Erames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames; said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore end portions extending downward from a bent portion of each upper frame at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined portions extending rear-ward a certain distance at a gentle downward slope; said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected -to the pair of upper frames by a fore axle at their fore ends and by vertically extending frames at their rear ends; said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames and connecting one of the upper frames to the other upper frame and one of the lower frames to the other lower frame; a steering head disposed at said bent portion of the upper frames; front wheel .~.~' '4.
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supporting sections disposed at both the end parts of the fore axle; and rear wheel supporting sections disposed at the rearmost end parts of the lower frames.
Further, there is proposed in accordance with another aspect of the present invention a saddle-riding type motorcar hav-ing :Eour wheels comprising: a frame having upper and lower por-tions; two front wheels and two rear wheels mounted on the right and left sides of the frame; balloon tires fitted on each wheel having a large width for travelling on rough roads; a seat mounted lengthwise substantially in the center of the upper portion of the frame; an engine mounted on the frame below said seat for driving the rear wheels, a fore axle mounted on the frame; means for mounting said front wheels on the opposite ends o said fore axle so that they can be moved with respect to the frame for steer-ing the motorcar; a steering shaft operatively moun-ted on the frame having an upper and a lower end; a handlebar mounted at the upper end of said steering shaft; an arm fixedly attached to each front wheel; a steering shaft arm on the lower end of said steer-ing shaft; a link mechanism operatively connecting each front wheel arm to said steering shaft arm so that operation of said steering shaft steers the motorcar; and a bar-type footstep mounted at each side of the frame between said front and rear wheels so that the main part thereof is positloned on the locus o the front tires, and the outer end of each step is positioned inside a line connecting the outer sides of said front and rear wheels.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a sus-pension mechanism is disposed at least on one of the front wheels and the rear wheels~
Further, in another preferred embodi.ment of the present invention each of the rear wheels includes an independent driving axle adapted to be swingably supported by means of an independent swing arm and an independent suspension mechanism.
The above and other objects, fea-tures and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the following description in con~unction with the accompanying draw~
ings wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a saddle riding -type motorcar having our wheels in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fi.gure 2 is a perspective exploded view of the motorcar in Figure 1 illustrating how the frame structure is constructed;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 1 with covers, a seat and other parts removed therefrom for the purpose of simplificati.on;
Figure 4 is a side view of the motorcar in Figure l;
Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating how a fore axle is operatively connected to a support axle on which a front wheel is rotatably supported;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a supporting sec-tion taken in line A-A in Figure 5, shown in an enlarged scale;
Figure 7 is a partially cross-sectional side view of a fore part of the frame structure, illustrating how a steering shaft is ro-tatably supported thereon and is operatively connected to a link mechanism;
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Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a supporting sec-tion for the steering shaf-t taken in line B-B in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with another embodiment oE the present invention where front suspension mechanism are disposed at the fore part oE the frame structure with covers and a seat removed therefrom for the purpose of simplification;
Figure 10 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with another embodiment of -the present invention where two front suspension mechanisms and a rear suspension mechanism are disposed on the frame structure also with covers and a seat removed therefrom for the purpose of simplification;
Figure 12 is a side view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with a modified embodiment of the present invention where two rear suspension mechanisms are dis-posed on the frame structure also with covers and wheels located at the front side as seen in the drawing removed for -the purpose of simplification;
Figure 13 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 12;
and Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a support structure for a driving axle of a rear wheel located at -the lower-most end part of a swing arm, shown in an enlarged scale.
Now the present invention will be described in a greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the inven-tion.
First, a saddle riding type motorcar haviny four wheels in accordar.ce with the first embodiment of the invention will be described particularly with reference to Figures 1 to 8.
A saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels (herein-aEter referred to merely as motorcar for the purpose of simplifica-tion) of the invention is generally identified with reference numeral l in Figure l. The motorcar 1 includes a frame 2 by means of which two front wheels 3 and two rear wheels 4 are rotatably mounted thereon, as illustrated in Figure 2. The front wheels 3 are dimensioned in diameter smaller than the rear whee~s 4 and both the front and rear wheels 3 and 4 carry special tires 5 that are generally called balloon tires which have reduced pneumatic inner pressure and wide contact surface brought in contact with the ground. As is apparent from Figure 2, a bar handle 6 is employed as a handle for operating a steering mechanism (to be described later~ for the front wheels 3, whereas a bar step 7 is employed as a step on which a foot of a driver is placed. ~ar steps 7 are loca-ted inward of a line extending between the outer-most end part of the front wheel and -the outermost end par-t of the rear wheel.
Reference numeral 8 designates a front cover and reference numeral 9 is a rear cover both of which are to be mounted on -the frame 2. A seat 10 is adapted -to be mounted on the rear cover 9.
Next, the structure of the frame 2 will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Specifically, the frame 2 is construc-ted by a combination of a pair of upper frames lll and 112, a pair of lower frames 121 and 12~ and a plurality of spacer frames 13 which serve to hold the pair of upper frames lll and 112 ~3 and the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 spaced from one another at a certain distance. The pair of upper frames 111 and 112 include three portions, that is, a pair of fore end portions 111, a pair of inclined portions 113 and a pair of rear end portions 114, wherein the pai.r of fore end por-tions 111 extend downward from a bent portion 112 at a forward incllnation angle in a diverging relation, -the pair of inclined portions 113 extend rear-ward from said bent portion 112 by a certai.n distance at a gentle downward slope and the pair of rear end portions 114 extend rear-ward in the horizontal direction or at a slight upward slope fromthe rear end part of the pair of inclined portions 113. The pair of fore end portions 111 constituting a fore end pair of upper frames 111 and 112 are fixedly connected to a fore axle 14 by welding or the like, and spacer frame 131 is disposed be-tween the pair of fore end portions 111 while a U-shaped attachment frame 15 is bridged therebetween, said U-shaped attachment frame 15 having threaded holes 15a formed at the central part thereof through which set screws are screwed for the purpose of firmly holding the front cover 8 thereon. The bent portion 112 includes a steering head 17 through which a steering shaft 16 rotatably extends downward from the bar handle 6. Further, the pair of inclined portions 113 include upper projections 18 and lower pro-jections 19, each upper projections 18 having a threaded hole 18a formed thereon through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of firmly securing the front cover 8 to the inclined portions 113 and each lower projection 19 having a threaded hole l9a Lormed therein through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of fixing an engine to the inclined portions 113. Further, the pair . 7 of rear end portions 114 include a spacer frame 132 and projections 21, said spacer frame 132 serving to hold the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 spaced by a cons-tant distance Erom one another and sai.d projections 21 being l.ocated at the rearmost end of the rear end portions 114 and havlng a threaded hole 21 formed thereon through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of attaching a rear handle 20 thereto.
On the other hand, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 are e~tended in the substantially horizontal direction with a constant distance maintained therebetween in such a manner that their fore end parts are fixedly connected to the front axle 14 and their rear end parts include a bent portion constituting a vertically extending rear end frame 121 the upper end part of which is fixedly connected to one of the rear end portions 114 of the upper frames 111 and 112. Further, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 include a frame 22 and spacer frames 133 and 134, said frame 22 being located midway of the horizontal part 122 of the lower frames 121 and 122 and extending in the transverse direction so as to carry the bar steps 7 at its outermost ends and said spacer frames 133 and 134 extending therebetween in the transverse direction at the rear part thereof. The bent portion 123 of the lower frames 121 and 122 includes a support 24 through which a driving axle 23 is extended for driving the rear wheels 4.
Further, a pair of reinforcement frames 271 are extended between the pair of fore end portions 111 of the upper frames 111 and 112 and the horizontal parts of the lower frames 121 and 122, whereas another reinforcement frame 272 is extended between both the spacer Erames 132 and 133. The reinforcement frames 271 each have a projection 25 fixedly secured thereto with a threaded hole 25a formed on said projection 25 respectively, whereas the reinforce-ment 272 has projections 26 fixedly secured thereto with threaded holes 26a formed on said projections 26. Thus, a space S is deEined by a combination of the pair of upper frames 111 and 112, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 and other Erame members so that an engine 28, a fuel tank 29 and other parts are firm]y installed therein. The engine 28 is fixedly held within the afore~
said space S with the aid of screws 30 screwed through the projec~
tions 19, 25 and 26.
Next, the steering mechanism for steering the front wheels 3 will be described below.
As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the front wheels 3 are operatively supported by means of U--shaped frames 35 attached to both the end parts of the fore axle 14 so that they are steered in the re~uired direction. Specifically, supporting of the front wheels 3 is achieved by turnably mounting a support pipe 37a for rotation about a king pin 36 on the U~shaped frame 35, said support pipe 37a being integrated with a wheel support axle 37 on which the front wheel 3 is rotatably mounted. Between the support pipe 37a and the king pin 36 are loosely fitted a spacer 371 and a bush 372.
As is apparent from Figures 7 and 8, the steering shaft 16 is rotatably supported at its upper end part by means of a mem-ber 151 made of plastics, said member 151 being bolted to steering P~
head 17 attached to the bent portion 112 of the upper frames, whereas it is also rotatably supported by means of a supporting section 31 a-t its lower end part, said supporting section 31 being located above the central part of the fore axle 14. Further, the steering shaft 16 includes an arm 32 at its lowermos-t end to which one end of bo-th -tie rods 39 is pivotally engaged by way of a pin 40. On the other hand, the other end of both the tie rods 39 is also pivotally engaged to an arm 33 which is firmly fitted onto the support pipe 37a for the wheel support axle 37. Thus, the steering shaft 16 is operatively connected to the front wheels 3 by way of a link mechanism 34 whereby they are steered as required by operating the bar handle 6.
In the meanwhile, the rear wheels 4 are supported by means of a driving axle 23 to which power from the engine 28 is transmitted via a power transmission mechanism which is not shown in -the drawings.
Next, a cover constituting the outer casing of the body is divided into two parts, that is, the front cover 8 and the rear cover 9 to be combined with the former, as illustra-ted in Figures 1 and 2. The front cover 8 and the rear cover 9 are molded integrally with front fenders 801 and rear fenders 901 respectively. As is best seen in Figure 2, the front cover 8 has air intake ports 802 and screw holes 8a formed between both the front fenders 801 at -the fore part thereof. The front cover 8 is firmly attached to the U-shaped attachment frame 15 by means of set screws inserted through the screw holes 8a and screwed into ~`
the threaded hole~ 15a. Further, the front cover 8 includes pro-jections 803 at its rear part, said projections 803 having a screw hole 8b formed thereon so that they are joined to -the upper projections 18 on the inclined portions 113 of the upper frames l:Ll and 112 by means of set screws inserted through -the screw holes 8b and screwed into -the threacled holes 18a. On the other hand, the rear cover 9 has a cutout 902 formed on its upper surface so that the engine 28 and the fuel tank 29 located below the cutout 902 can be visually inspected therethrough. The rear cover 9 is fixedly secured onto -the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 by means of several set screws screwed at predetermined positions thereon. E'inally, the seat 10 is placed on the rear cover 9.
Further, the fore axle 14 lncludes a bumper 43 for pro-tecting the fore part of the body 1 from damage or injury~ The bumper 43 is constructed by a combination of an inverted U-shaped main pipe 44 and a plurality of auxiliary pipes 45 bridged between both the extendinglparts of said main pipe 44. The main pipe 44 serves also as a fore handle by means of which the whole body of the motorcar is lifted in cooperation with the rear handle 20. It should be noted that a protection plate 46 is disposed below the bumper 43 for the purpose of assuring improved safety.
Next, description will be made as to how main parts are attached or mounted on the frame 2.
The s~eering head 17 and the support section 31 located above the fore axle 14 serve for rotatably supporting the steering shaft 16 with the steering handle 6 fixedly mounted thereon. The engine 28 is firmly mounted within the space S as defined by the upper frames 111 and 112 and the lower frames 121 and 122. Next, the fuel tank 29 is mounted behind the engine 28, whereas a lubricant tank (not shown) is mounted by the side of the engine 28. The front wheels 3 are mounted on the U-shaped frames 35 at both the ends of the fore axle 14 with the aid of the king pin 36 and the front wheels 3 and the steering shaft 16 are operatively connected to one another by way of the link mechanism 34. Next, the driving axle 23 is inserted through the rear supports 24 and the rear wheels 4 are then mounted on both the end parts of the driving axle 23. The front cover 8 is placed on the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 from æ
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-the front side and the rear cover 9 is placed thereon from the rear side so -that the former is fastened thereto by means of set screws screwed into the attachment frame 15 and the upper pro-jec-tlons 18 and the latter is fastened thereto by means of set screws screwed into the spacer frame 132 and other members. Then, the seat 10 is placed on the rear cover 9.
On completion of the mounting of these parts and members the motorcar of the invention is assembled on the light and com-pact frame structure.
Next, operation of the motorcar is described below. An operator or driver rides over the seat 10 and sits down thereon.
Then, he places one of his feet on the bar step 7 and grasps both grips 601 by his hands. Now he is ready to start the motor car.
When he turns it to the right or to the left or in the reverse direction, he operates the handle 6 toward the required direction in quite the same manner as ordinary motorcars. ~s he operates the bar handle 6, the steering shaft 16 is rotated by an angle corresponding to the turn angle of the bar handle and rotation of the steering shaft 16 is then transmitted to the link mechanism 34 by way of the arm 32 whereby the front wheels are steered by the required angle. Thus, the motorcar runs in the different direction. If any ~uick turn is required, it is necessary that he move himself forward so as to displace his dead weight at the same time when he turns the bar handle 6. This is because of the fact that the forward displacement of his dead weight causes excessive deformation of the balloon tires 5 which is effective ~3 in assuring the substantially same functional characteristics as those of the conventional differential gears incorporated in an ordinary motorcar.
Obviously, any foreign material such as stones, gravel, or the like, is prevented by means of the bumper 43 so as no-t -to collide agains-t the fore part of the body during running or driv-ing. Further, the bumper 43 serves as a lift handle for lifting the body for the purpose of changing the orientation of the body.
Figures 9 to 11 schematically illustrate a motorcar in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention where suspension mechanisms are incorporated therein. It should be noted that -the same or similar parts and members to those in the preceding embodiment are identified with the same reference numeral.
Specifically, Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a motorcar with a front suspension mechanism incorpora-ted therein. The front wheels 3 are rotatably supported by means of U~shaped wheel support frames 51 which are in turn held by means of a spacer frame 50 and a pair of lower frames B
501 and 502. The spacer frame 50 and the pair of lower frames 501 and 502 include support arms 503 and 504 of which one en,d part is operatively connected thereto by o ~ ts way of ball -3O~ntes-52, whereby the support frames 51 are resiliently supported by means of the support arms 503 and 504 and two front suspension mechanisms 53 of which upper end parts are engaged to the fore end portions of the upper frames 111 and 112 at their middle part. The frame 51 and the front wheel 3 are operatively connected to one another in the same manner as in the preceding embodiment. The lowermost end part of the steering shaft 16 is rotatably supported in a supporting section 5~ which is disposed in the ` middle part of the spacer frame 50. The steering mechanism engaged to the lowermost end part of the steering shaft 16 to steer the front wheel 3 is identi-cal to that in the preceding embodiment.
FIG. 11 schematically illustra-tes a motorcar in accordance with another embodiment modified from FIGS.
9 and 10 where front suspension mechanisms and a rear suspension mechanism are incorporated therein.
The frame structure is designed such that the pair of lower frames 501 and 502 terminate at the position located behind the bar steps 7 and both the rearmost end parts of the lower frames 501 and 502 are connected to one another by means of a joint pipe 60 having a length longer than the distance therebetwee.n. Further, the joint pipe 60 and the rearmost end parts of the upper frames 11 and 112 are connected to one another by means of side :Erames 61 in such a manner that the di.stance between the side frames 61 measured across the joint pipe 60 is dimensioned wider than that between the pair of lower frames 501 and 502.
On the other hand, the upper frames 111 and 112 and the joint pipe 60 are connected to one another by means of -two main frames 62 to which a support arm 63 is swingably secured for the purpose of supporting the driving axle 23, said swing arm 63 comprising two arms 631 of which foremost end parts are connec-ted to one another by means of a support shaft 632 which extends through the main frames 62 so as to swingably hold the swing arm 63. The arms 631 constituting the swing arm 63 include a support-ing section 634 at their rearmost end, said supporting section 634 having a hole 633 formed thereon through which the driving axle 23 extends while it is rotatably supported by means of bear-ings (not shown) fitted into said holes 633. Between the rear end part of the swing arm 63 and the upper frames 111 and 112 is diaposed a single rear suspension mechanism 64 the upper end of which is connected to a spacer frame 132 extending between the pair of rear end portions 114 of the upper frames 111 and 112 and .~
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the lower end of which is connected -to a frame 635 extending between the arms 631 of the swing arm 63.
The motorcar as constructed in the above-described manner is equipped with the suspension mechanisms 53 and 64 for the front wheels 3 and the rear wheels 4, respectively, so that a driver can enjoy comfortable riding when the motorcar runs on rugged ground or land.
It should be noted that two rear suspension mechanisms may be provided between the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 and the two arms 631 and alternatively the arms 631 may be separately supported so as to swing about the support shaft so that one rear suspension mechanism 64 is provided between the upper frame 111 and the one arm 631 and another rear suspension mechanism 64 is provided between the upper frame 112 and the other arm 631.
Next, Figures 12 to 14 schematically illustrate a motor-car in accordance with the third embodiment of the present inven-tion where the rear wheels are driven by two separate driving axles each of which is resiliently supported by means of a swing arm and a suspension mechanism.
As is best seen in Figure 13, the rear wheels 4 are ~ - 17 -, adapted to be driven by means of driving axles 701 and 72 which are separately disposed. The driving axle 701 is resiliently supported by means of a swing arm 711 and a suspension mechanism 721, whereas the driving axle 72 is also resiliently supported by means of a swing arm 712 and a suspension mechanism 722. However, both the driving axles 701 and 72 are driven from a common driving power source by way of a power transmis-sion mechanism 74, said common driving power source being an engine 73 in the illustrated embodiment.
The upper end part of the swing arms 711 and 712 is pivotally fitted onto a swing arm pivot 75 which is ixedly secured to a main frame 76 located behind the engine 73. As illustrated in FIG. 14, the driving axles 701 and 72 are rotatably supported in bearings 77 at the lower bifurcated end parts of the swing arms 711 and 712.
On the other hand, the suspension mechanisms 72 and 722 are arranged such that their upper end parts are connected to the rear end portions of the upper frames 78 and their lower end parts are connected to the swing arms 711 and 712 at the position located midway thereof so that the rear wheels 4 are supported and driven separately.
The power transmission mechanism 7~ is constructec' _ ~ _ by a ~ombination of a pair of sprockets 801 and 802 fixedly mounted on an OlltpUt shaft 79 to which driving power is extracted from the engine 73, said sprockets 801 and 802 having the same number of teeth, sprockets 811 and 812 fixedly mounted on the driving axles 70 and 72' said sprockets 811 and 812 having the same number of teethl and two endless chains 821 and 822 spanned between the sprockets 801 and 802 and the sprockets 811 and 812.
Ies~ ates Reference numeral 83~ks~f~e-a disc brake disposed at the inner end of the one driving axle 701. The disc brake 83 is actuated when a caliper 85 at one of the bifurca ed end parts of the swing arm 711 is brought ln pressure contact with a disc plate 84 attached to the inner end of the driving axle 701.
Ne~t, operation of the motorcar in accordance with this embodiment will be described below.
As the engine 73 is operated, power output is transmitted to the output shaft 79 therefrom and thereby both the sprocket 801 and 802 are rotated simultaneously.
Rotation of the sprockets 801 and 802 is then separately transmitted to the sprockets 811 and 812 via the endless chains 821 and 822. As the sprockets 811 and 812 are rotated, the driving axles 701 and 72 are separately driven and thereby the rear wheels 4 fixedly mounted l9 .~
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on the driving axles 701 and 72 are rotated simultane-ously. When one of the rear wheels 4 is subjected to shock caused ~ ru~gedness on the ground during running, it is caused to vibrate but vibration can be effectively absorbed with the aid of the suspension mechanism 721 or 722. Since any shock transmitted to the one rear wheel 4 is absorbed in that way, it is not transmitted to the other rear wheel 4, thus resulting in the body of the motorcar being held in the stabl~
posture.
When braking is required during running or driving, the disc brake 83 is actuated and thereby the caliper 85 comes in pressure contact with the disc plate 84 until the driving axle 701 stops its rotation. The thus imparted braking force is transmitted from the drivin~
axle 701 to the power output shaft 79 via the sprocket 811, the endless chain 821 and the sprocket 801 and it is then transmitted further from the power output shaft 79 to the driving shaft 72 via the sprocket 802, the endless chain 822 and the sprocket 812, whereby the rear wheels ~ come to a stop.
~n the above-mentioned few embodiments the present nvention has been described merely with respect to a motorcax having four wheels. Howe~er, the present invention should be not limited only to the four wheel ~o -type but it may be applied to a mo-torcar having three wheels without any reduction in functional effect. Further, a means for driving the rear wheels 4 should not be limited only to a chain driving mechanism. Alternatively, a shaft driving mechanism may be employable. With respect to a braking mechanism both the driving axles 70l and 72 may be equipped with their own braking mechanism.
As will be readily understood from the above description, the motorcar of the present lnvention has the following advantages.
Since the motorcar is constructed such tha-t it includes two front wheels and two rear wheels each of which comprises a balloon tire and it is steered by steering the front wheels with the aid of a steering mechanism including a bar handle, an improved operati~e stability is assured, compared with a three wheel type motorcar and moreover it is possible to carry out quick turns owing to ~unctional characteristics specific to balloon tires. Further, since a driver operates the motorcar by means of a bar handle and bar steps while he rides on a saddle-shaped seat, he can steer it as he does a motorcycle and moreover it is easy to displace his body as required at the time of quick turn or the like operation. Further, since the steering ~:~9~
mechanism is designed in the form of a link mechanism, the front wheels can be easily steered without necessity for changing the orientation of the wheel ax~e. Further-more, since a bumper serving also as a lift handle for the front wheels is fixedly secured to the axle, the body is protected from forelgn material such as stone, gravel or the like which tends to collide against the fore part of the body if no bumper is disposed. Further-more, since the front cover has air intake ports formed on the fore part thereof intermediate the front fenders, an increased enyine cooling efficiency is assured during running of the motorcar.
Slnce the cover is divided into two parts, that is, a front cover and a rear cover, mounting and dismounting are easy to be effected. In addition maintenance service for an engine and other associated parts can be easily practiced.
Further, owin~ to the frame structure constructed in accordance with the invention the motorcar is light in weight, compact in dimension and has sufficient strength.
Further, since the motorcar of the invention is equipped with at least a suspension mechanism at the fore or rear axle, a driver can enjoy comfortable riding even when it runs over ~ rugged ground or land.
Furthermore, since the motorcar of the invention has an independent driving axle for both the rear wheels which is adapted to be individually supported by means of a swing arm and a suspension mechanism and thereby any shock imparted to one of the rear wheels can be completely absorbed with the aid of the corresponding suspension mechanism, the body o* the motorcar has an improved operative stability during running or driving.
B ~ 3_
As is well known, a vehlcle specially designed for running on the rugged ground or land is required to keep its body ln the well-balanced state while it runs thereon with a driver riding on it. In view of the above requirement motorcars having three wheels have been hitherto used widely which essentially comprise a modification from the conventional motorcycles. However, it has been found that the conventional three wheel type motorcars have a drawback of reduced stability of the body caused by displacement of the dead weight of the driver at the time of quick turn.
On the other hand, the conventional four wheel ';ype motor~
cars are designed to use a circular handle or an aircraft handle for operating a steering mechanism and a sitting type seat as a seat and thereby it becomes difficult to carry out quick turns with accompanying displacement of the dead weight of the drlver accompanied and moreover keep the body of the motorcars in the well~
balanced stage.
It is particularly important to mount a suspension mechan-ism on the vehicles specially designed for running on rugged ground or land in order to assure stable maneuverability during their operation. It has been often found that when either or both of the left and right wheels is subjected to shock due to rugged-ness on the ground or land during running or driving, the conven-tional vehicles tend to incline because any shock imparted to the wheel is transmitted directly to the body, thus resulting in reduced operative stability during running or driving.
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Hence, the present invention is intended to obviate the drawbacks as described above with respect to the conventional vehicles or motorcars specially designed for running or driving on rugged ground or land.
It is an object of the present invention -to provide a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels which assures remarkable improvement in maneuverability and operative stabili-ty.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a frame structure for the saddle riding type motorcar on which i-t is easy to mount an engine and other associated parts and compon-ents in the space defined by the frame structure, is compact in dimension and has excellent mechanical strength.
To accomplish -the above objects there is proposed in accordance with the present invention a saddle riding type motor-car having four wheels comprising: two :Eront wheels and two rear wheels; a frame structure comprising a pair of upper Erames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames; said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore end portions extending downward from a bent portion of each upper frame at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined portions extending rear-ward a certain distance at a gentle downward slope; said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected -to the pair of upper frames by a fore axle at their fore ends and by vertically extending frames at their rear ends; said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames and connecting one of the upper frames to the other upper frame and one of the lower frames to the other lower frame; a steering head disposed at said bent portion of the upper frames; front wheel .~.~' '4.
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supporting sections disposed at both the end parts of the fore axle; and rear wheel supporting sections disposed at the rearmost end parts of the lower frames.
Further, there is proposed in accordance with another aspect of the present invention a saddle-riding type motorcar hav-ing :Eour wheels comprising: a frame having upper and lower por-tions; two front wheels and two rear wheels mounted on the right and left sides of the frame; balloon tires fitted on each wheel having a large width for travelling on rough roads; a seat mounted lengthwise substantially in the center of the upper portion of the frame; an engine mounted on the frame below said seat for driving the rear wheels, a fore axle mounted on the frame; means for mounting said front wheels on the opposite ends o said fore axle so that they can be moved with respect to the frame for steer-ing the motorcar; a steering shaft operatively moun-ted on the frame having an upper and a lower end; a handlebar mounted at the upper end of said steering shaft; an arm fixedly attached to each front wheel; a steering shaft arm on the lower end of said steer-ing shaft; a link mechanism operatively connecting each front wheel arm to said steering shaft arm so that operation of said steering shaft steers the motorcar; and a bar-type footstep mounted at each side of the frame between said front and rear wheels so that the main part thereof is positloned on the locus o the front tires, and the outer end of each step is positioned inside a line connecting the outer sides of said front and rear wheels.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a sus-pension mechanism is disposed at least on one of the front wheels and the rear wheels~
Further, in another preferred embodi.ment of the present invention each of the rear wheels includes an independent driving axle adapted to be swingably supported by means of an independent swing arm and an independent suspension mechanism.
The above and other objects, fea-tures and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the following description in con~unction with the accompanying draw~
ings wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a saddle riding -type motorcar having our wheels in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fi.gure 2 is a perspective exploded view of the motorcar in Figure 1 illustrating how the frame structure is constructed;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 1 with covers, a seat and other parts removed therefrom for the purpose of simplificati.on;
Figure 4 is a side view of the motorcar in Figure l;
Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view illustrating how a fore axle is operatively connected to a support axle on which a front wheel is rotatably supported;
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a supporting sec-tion taken in line A-A in Figure 5, shown in an enlarged scale;
Figure 7 is a partially cross-sectional side view of a fore part of the frame structure, illustrating how a steering shaft is ro-tatably supported thereon and is operatively connected to a link mechanism;
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Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a supporting sec-tion for the steering shaf-t taken in line B-B in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with another embodiment oE the present invention where front suspension mechanism are disposed at the fore part oE the frame structure with covers and a seat removed therefrom for the purpose of simplification;
Figure 10 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with another embodiment of -the present invention where two front suspension mechanisms and a rear suspension mechanism are disposed on the frame structure also with covers and a seat removed therefrom for the purpose of simplification;
Figure 12 is a side view of a saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels in accordance with a modified embodiment of the present invention where two rear suspension mechanisms are dis-posed on the frame structure also with covers and wheels located at the front side as seen in the drawing removed for -the purpose of simplification;
Figure 13 is a top plan view of the motorcar in Figure 12;
and Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a support structure for a driving axle of a rear wheel located at -the lower-most end part of a swing arm, shown in an enlarged scale.
Now the present invention will be described in a greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the inven-tion.
First, a saddle riding type motorcar haviny four wheels in accordar.ce with the first embodiment of the invention will be described particularly with reference to Figures 1 to 8.
A saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels (herein-aEter referred to merely as motorcar for the purpose of simplifica-tion) of the invention is generally identified with reference numeral l in Figure l. The motorcar 1 includes a frame 2 by means of which two front wheels 3 and two rear wheels 4 are rotatably mounted thereon, as illustrated in Figure 2. The front wheels 3 are dimensioned in diameter smaller than the rear whee~s 4 and both the front and rear wheels 3 and 4 carry special tires 5 that are generally called balloon tires which have reduced pneumatic inner pressure and wide contact surface brought in contact with the ground. As is apparent from Figure 2, a bar handle 6 is employed as a handle for operating a steering mechanism (to be described later~ for the front wheels 3, whereas a bar step 7 is employed as a step on which a foot of a driver is placed. ~ar steps 7 are loca-ted inward of a line extending between the outer-most end part of the front wheel and -the outermost end par-t of the rear wheel.
Reference numeral 8 designates a front cover and reference numeral 9 is a rear cover both of which are to be mounted on -the frame 2. A seat 10 is adapted -to be mounted on the rear cover 9.
Next, the structure of the frame 2 will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Specifically, the frame 2 is construc-ted by a combination of a pair of upper frames lll and 112, a pair of lower frames 121 and 12~ and a plurality of spacer frames 13 which serve to hold the pair of upper frames lll and 112 ~3 and the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 spaced from one another at a certain distance. The pair of upper frames 111 and 112 include three portions, that is, a pair of fore end portions 111, a pair of inclined portions 113 and a pair of rear end portions 114, wherein the pai.r of fore end por-tions 111 extend downward from a bent portion 112 at a forward incllnation angle in a diverging relation, -the pair of inclined portions 113 extend rear-ward from said bent portion 112 by a certai.n distance at a gentle downward slope and the pair of rear end portions 114 extend rear-ward in the horizontal direction or at a slight upward slope fromthe rear end part of the pair of inclined portions 113. The pair of fore end portions 111 constituting a fore end pair of upper frames 111 and 112 are fixedly connected to a fore axle 14 by welding or the like, and spacer frame 131 is disposed be-tween the pair of fore end portions 111 while a U-shaped attachment frame 15 is bridged therebetween, said U-shaped attachment frame 15 having threaded holes 15a formed at the central part thereof through which set screws are screwed for the purpose of firmly holding the front cover 8 thereon. The bent portion 112 includes a steering head 17 through which a steering shaft 16 rotatably extends downward from the bar handle 6. Further, the pair of inclined portions 113 include upper projections 18 and lower pro-jections 19, each upper projections 18 having a threaded hole 18a formed thereon through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of firmly securing the front cover 8 to the inclined portions 113 and each lower projection 19 having a threaded hole l9a Lormed therein through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of fixing an engine to the inclined portions 113. Further, the pair . 7 of rear end portions 114 include a spacer frame 132 and projections 21, said spacer frame 132 serving to hold the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 spaced by a cons-tant distance Erom one another and sai.d projections 21 being l.ocated at the rearmost end of the rear end portions 114 and havlng a threaded hole 21 formed thereon through which a set screw is screwed for the purpose of attaching a rear handle 20 thereto.
On the other hand, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 are e~tended in the substantially horizontal direction with a constant distance maintained therebetween in such a manner that their fore end parts are fixedly connected to the front axle 14 and their rear end parts include a bent portion constituting a vertically extending rear end frame 121 the upper end part of which is fixedly connected to one of the rear end portions 114 of the upper frames 111 and 112. Further, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 include a frame 22 and spacer frames 133 and 134, said frame 22 being located midway of the horizontal part 122 of the lower frames 121 and 122 and extending in the transverse direction so as to carry the bar steps 7 at its outermost ends and said spacer frames 133 and 134 extending therebetween in the transverse direction at the rear part thereof. The bent portion 123 of the lower frames 121 and 122 includes a support 24 through which a driving axle 23 is extended for driving the rear wheels 4.
Further, a pair of reinforcement frames 271 are extended between the pair of fore end portions 111 of the upper frames 111 and 112 and the horizontal parts of the lower frames 121 and 122, whereas another reinforcement frame 272 is extended between both the spacer Erames 132 and 133. The reinforcement frames 271 each have a projection 25 fixedly secured thereto with a threaded hole 25a formed on said projection 25 respectively, whereas the reinforce-ment 272 has projections 26 fixedly secured thereto with threaded holes 26a formed on said projections 26. Thus, a space S is deEined by a combination of the pair of upper frames 111 and 112, the pair of lower frames 121 and 122 and other Erame members so that an engine 28, a fuel tank 29 and other parts are firm]y installed therein. The engine 28 is fixedly held within the afore~
said space S with the aid of screws 30 screwed through the projec~
tions 19, 25 and 26.
Next, the steering mechanism for steering the front wheels 3 will be described below.
As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the front wheels 3 are operatively supported by means of U--shaped frames 35 attached to both the end parts of the fore axle 14 so that they are steered in the re~uired direction. Specifically, supporting of the front wheels 3 is achieved by turnably mounting a support pipe 37a for rotation about a king pin 36 on the U~shaped frame 35, said support pipe 37a being integrated with a wheel support axle 37 on which the front wheel 3 is rotatably mounted. Between the support pipe 37a and the king pin 36 are loosely fitted a spacer 371 and a bush 372.
As is apparent from Figures 7 and 8, the steering shaft 16 is rotatably supported at its upper end part by means of a mem-ber 151 made of plastics, said member 151 being bolted to steering P~
head 17 attached to the bent portion 112 of the upper frames, whereas it is also rotatably supported by means of a supporting section 31 a-t its lower end part, said supporting section 31 being located above the central part of the fore axle 14. Further, the steering shaft 16 includes an arm 32 at its lowermos-t end to which one end of bo-th -tie rods 39 is pivotally engaged by way of a pin 40. On the other hand, the other end of both the tie rods 39 is also pivotally engaged to an arm 33 which is firmly fitted onto the support pipe 37a for the wheel support axle 37. Thus, the steering shaft 16 is operatively connected to the front wheels 3 by way of a link mechanism 34 whereby they are steered as required by operating the bar handle 6.
In the meanwhile, the rear wheels 4 are supported by means of a driving axle 23 to which power from the engine 28 is transmitted via a power transmission mechanism which is not shown in -the drawings.
Next, a cover constituting the outer casing of the body is divided into two parts, that is, the front cover 8 and the rear cover 9 to be combined with the former, as illustra-ted in Figures 1 and 2. The front cover 8 and the rear cover 9 are molded integrally with front fenders 801 and rear fenders 901 respectively. As is best seen in Figure 2, the front cover 8 has air intake ports 802 and screw holes 8a formed between both the front fenders 801 at -the fore part thereof. The front cover 8 is firmly attached to the U-shaped attachment frame 15 by means of set screws inserted through the screw holes 8a and screwed into ~`
the threaded hole~ 15a. Further, the front cover 8 includes pro-jections 803 at its rear part, said projections 803 having a screw hole 8b formed thereon so that they are joined to -the upper projections 18 on the inclined portions 113 of the upper frames l:Ll and 112 by means of set screws inserted through -the screw holes 8b and screwed into -the threacled holes 18a. On the other hand, the rear cover 9 has a cutout 902 formed on its upper surface so that the engine 28 and the fuel tank 29 located below the cutout 902 can be visually inspected therethrough. The rear cover 9 is fixedly secured onto -the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 by means of several set screws screwed at predetermined positions thereon. E'inally, the seat 10 is placed on the rear cover 9.
Further, the fore axle 14 lncludes a bumper 43 for pro-tecting the fore part of the body 1 from damage or injury~ The bumper 43 is constructed by a combination of an inverted U-shaped main pipe 44 and a plurality of auxiliary pipes 45 bridged between both the extendinglparts of said main pipe 44. The main pipe 44 serves also as a fore handle by means of which the whole body of the motorcar is lifted in cooperation with the rear handle 20. It should be noted that a protection plate 46 is disposed below the bumper 43 for the purpose of assuring improved safety.
Next, description will be made as to how main parts are attached or mounted on the frame 2.
The s~eering head 17 and the support section 31 located above the fore axle 14 serve for rotatably supporting the steering shaft 16 with the steering handle 6 fixedly mounted thereon. The engine 28 is firmly mounted within the space S as defined by the upper frames 111 and 112 and the lower frames 121 and 122. Next, the fuel tank 29 is mounted behind the engine 28, whereas a lubricant tank (not shown) is mounted by the side of the engine 28. The front wheels 3 are mounted on the U-shaped frames 35 at both the ends of the fore axle 14 with the aid of the king pin 36 and the front wheels 3 and the steering shaft 16 are operatively connected to one another by way of the link mechanism 34. Next, the driving axle 23 is inserted through the rear supports 24 and the rear wheels 4 are then mounted on both the end parts of the driving axle 23. The front cover 8 is placed on the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 from æ
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-the front side and the rear cover 9 is placed thereon from the rear side so -that the former is fastened thereto by means of set screws screwed into the attachment frame 15 and the upper pro-jec-tlons 18 and the latter is fastened thereto by means of set screws screwed into the spacer frame 132 and other members. Then, the seat 10 is placed on the rear cover 9.
On completion of the mounting of these parts and members the motorcar of the invention is assembled on the light and com-pact frame structure.
Next, operation of the motorcar is described below. An operator or driver rides over the seat 10 and sits down thereon.
Then, he places one of his feet on the bar step 7 and grasps both grips 601 by his hands. Now he is ready to start the motor car.
When he turns it to the right or to the left or in the reverse direction, he operates the handle 6 toward the required direction in quite the same manner as ordinary motorcars. ~s he operates the bar handle 6, the steering shaft 16 is rotated by an angle corresponding to the turn angle of the bar handle and rotation of the steering shaft 16 is then transmitted to the link mechanism 34 by way of the arm 32 whereby the front wheels are steered by the required angle. Thus, the motorcar runs in the different direction. If any ~uick turn is required, it is necessary that he move himself forward so as to displace his dead weight at the same time when he turns the bar handle 6. This is because of the fact that the forward displacement of his dead weight causes excessive deformation of the balloon tires 5 which is effective ~3 in assuring the substantially same functional characteristics as those of the conventional differential gears incorporated in an ordinary motorcar.
Obviously, any foreign material such as stones, gravel, or the like, is prevented by means of the bumper 43 so as no-t -to collide agains-t the fore part of the body during running or driv-ing. Further, the bumper 43 serves as a lift handle for lifting the body for the purpose of changing the orientation of the body.
Figures 9 to 11 schematically illustrate a motorcar in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention where suspension mechanisms are incorporated therein. It should be noted that -the same or similar parts and members to those in the preceding embodiment are identified with the same reference numeral.
Specifically, Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a motorcar with a front suspension mechanism incorpora-ted therein. The front wheels 3 are rotatably supported by means of U~shaped wheel support frames 51 which are in turn held by means of a spacer frame 50 and a pair of lower frames B
501 and 502. The spacer frame 50 and the pair of lower frames 501 and 502 include support arms 503 and 504 of which one en,d part is operatively connected thereto by o ~ ts way of ball -3O~ntes-52, whereby the support frames 51 are resiliently supported by means of the support arms 503 and 504 and two front suspension mechanisms 53 of which upper end parts are engaged to the fore end portions of the upper frames 111 and 112 at their middle part. The frame 51 and the front wheel 3 are operatively connected to one another in the same manner as in the preceding embodiment. The lowermost end part of the steering shaft 16 is rotatably supported in a supporting section 5~ which is disposed in the ` middle part of the spacer frame 50. The steering mechanism engaged to the lowermost end part of the steering shaft 16 to steer the front wheel 3 is identi-cal to that in the preceding embodiment.
FIG. 11 schematically illustra-tes a motorcar in accordance with another embodiment modified from FIGS.
9 and 10 where front suspension mechanisms and a rear suspension mechanism are incorporated therein.
The frame structure is designed such that the pair of lower frames 501 and 502 terminate at the position located behind the bar steps 7 and both the rearmost end parts of the lower frames 501 and 502 are connected to one another by means of a joint pipe 60 having a length longer than the distance therebetwee.n. Further, the joint pipe 60 and the rearmost end parts of the upper frames 11 and 112 are connected to one another by means of side :Erames 61 in such a manner that the di.stance between the side frames 61 measured across the joint pipe 60 is dimensioned wider than that between the pair of lower frames 501 and 502.
On the other hand, the upper frames 111 and 112 and the joint pipe 60 are connected to one another by means of -two main frames 62 to which a support arm 63 is swingably secured for the purpose of supporting the driving axle 23, said swing arm 63 comprising two arms 631 of which foremost end parts are connec-ted to one another by means of a support shaft 632 which extends through the main frames 62 so as to swingably hold the swing arm 63. The arms 631 constituting the swing arm 63 include a support-ing section 634 at their rearmost end, said supporting section 634 having a hole 633 formed thereon through which the driving axle 23 extends while it is rotatably supported by means of bear-ings (not shown) fitted into said holes 633. Between the rear end part of the swing arm 63 and the upper frames 111 and 112 is diaposed a single rear suspension mechanism 64 the upper end of which is connected to a spacer frame 132 extending between the pair of rear end portions 114 of the upper frames 111 and 112 and .~
,.c .
the lower end of which is connected -to a frame 635 extending between the arms 631 of the swing arm 63.
The motorcar as constructed in the above-described manner is equipped with the suspension mechanisms 53 and 64 for the front wheels 3 and the rear wheels 4, respectively, so that a driver can enjoy comfortable riding when the motorcar runs on rugged ground or land.
It should be noted that two rear suspension mechanisms may be provided between the pair of upper frames 111 and 112 and the two arms 631 and alternatively the arms 631 may be separately supported so as to swing about the support shaft so that one rear suspension mechanism 64 is provided between the upper frame 111 and the one arm 631 and another rear suspension mechanism 64 is provided between the upper frame 112 and the other arm 631.
Next, Figures 12 to 14 schematically illustrate a motor-car in accordance with the third embodiment of the present inven-tion where the rear wheels are driven by two separate driving axles each of which is resiliently supported by means of a swing arm and a suspension mechanism.
As is best seen in Figure 13, the rear wheels 4 are ~ - 17 -, adapted to be driven by means of driving axles 701 and 72 which are separately disposed. The driving axle 701 is resiliently supported by means of a swing arm 711 and a suspension mechanism 721, whereas the driving axle 72 is also resiliently supported by means of a swing arm 712 and a suspension mechanism 722. However, both the driving axles 701 and 72 are driven from a common driving power source by way of a power transmis-sion mechanism 74, said common driving power source being an engine 73 in the illustrated embodiment.
The upper end part of the swing arms 711 and 712 is pivotally fitted onto a swing arm pivot 75 which is ixedly secured to a main frame 76 located behind the engine 73. As illustrated in FIG. 14, the driving axles 701 and 72 are rotatably supported in bearings 77 at the lower bifurcated end parts of the swing arms 711 and 712.
On the other hand, the suspension mechanisms 72 and 722 are arranged such that their upper end parts are connected to the rear end portions of the upper frames 78 and their lower end parts are connected to the swing arms 711 and 712 at the position located midway thereof so that the rear wheels 4 are supported and driven separately.
The power transmission mechanism 7~ is constructec' _ ~ _ by a ~ombination of a pair of sprockets 801 and 802 fixedly mounted on an OlltpUt shaft 79 to which driving power is extracted from the engine 73, said sprockets 801 and 802 having the same number of teeth, sprockets 811 and 812 fixedly mounted on the driving axles 70 and 72' said sprockets 811 and 812 having the same number of teethl and two endless chains 821 and 822 spanned between the sprockets 801 and 802 and the sprockets 811 and 812.
Ies~ ates Reference numeral 83~ks~f~e-a disc brake disposed at the inner end of the one driving axle 701. The disc brake 83 is actuated when a caliper 85 at one of the bifurca ed end parts of the swing arm 711 is brought ln pressure contact with a disc plate 84 attached to the inner end of the driving axle 701.
Ne~t, operation of the motorcar in accordance with this embodiment will be described below.
As the engine 73 is operated, power output is transmitted to the output shaft 79 therefrom and thereby both the sprocket 801 and 802 are rotated simultaneously.
Rotation of the sprockets 801 and 802 is then separately transmitted to the sprockets 811 and 812 via the endless chains 821 and 822. As the sprockets 811 and 812 are rotated, the driving axles 701 and 72 are separately driven and thereby the rear wheels 4 fixedly mounted l9 .~
~L9~
on the driving axles 701 and 72 are rotated simultane-ously. When one of the rear wheels 4 is subjected to shock caused ~ ru~gedness on the ground during running, it is caused to vibrate but vibration can be effectively absorbed with the aid of the suspension mechanism 721 or 722. Since any shock transmitted to the one rear wheel 4 is absorbed in that way, it is not transmitted to the other rear wheel 4, thus resulting in the body of the motorcar being held in the stabl~
posture.
When braking is required during running or driving, the disc brake 83 is actuated and thereby the caliper 85 comes in pressure contact with the disc plate 84 until the driving axle 701 stops its rotation. The thus imparted braking force is transmitted from the drivin~
axle 701 to the power output shaft 79 via the sprocket 811, the endless chain 821 and the sprocket 801 and it is then transmitted further from the power output shaft 79 to the driving shaft 72 via the sprocket 802, the endless chain 822 and the sprocket 812, whereby the rear wheels ~ come to a stop.
~n the above-mentioned few embodiments the present nvention has been described merely with respect to a motorcax having four wheels. Howe~er, the present invention should be not limited only to the four wheel ~o -type but it may be applied to a mo-torcar having three wheels without any reduction in functional effect. Further, a means for driving the rear wheels 4 should not be limited only to a chain driving mechanism. Alternatively, a shaft driving mechanism may be employable. With respect to a braking mechanism both the driving axles 70l and 72 may be equipped with their own braking mechanism.
As will be readily understood from the above description, the motorcar of the present lnvention has the following advantages.
Since the motorcar is constructed such tha-t it includes two front wheels and two rear wheels each of which comprises a balloon tire and it is steered by steering the front wheels with the aid of a steering mechanism including a bar handle, an improved operati~e stability is assured, compared with a three wheel type motorcar and moreover it is possible to carry out quick turns owing to ~unctional characteristics specific to balloon tires. Further, since a driver operates the motorcar by means of a bar handle and bar steps while he rides on a saddle-shaped seat, he can steer it as he does a motorcycle and moreover it is easy to displace his body as required at the time of quick turn or the like operation. Further, since the steering ~:~9~
mechanism is designed in the form of a link mechanism, the front wheels can be easily steered without necessity for changing the orientation of the wheel ax~e. Further-more, since a bumper serving also as a lift handle for the front wheels is fixedly secured to the axle, the body is protected from forelgn material such as stone, gravel or the like which tends to collide against the fore part of the body if no bumper is disposed. Further-more, since the front cover has air intake ports formed on the fore part thereof intermediate the front fenders, an increased enyine cooling efficiency is assured during running of the motorcar.
Slnce the cover is divided into two parts, that is, a front cover and a rear cover, mounting and dismounting are easy to be effected. In addition maintenance service for an engine and other associated parts can be easily practiced.
Further, owin~ to the frame structure constructed in accordance with the invention the motorcar is light in weight, compact in dimension and has sufficient strength.
Further, since the motorcar of the invention is equipped with at least a suspension mechanism at the fore or rear axle, a driver can enjoy comfortable riding even when it runs over ~ rugged ground or land.
Furthermore, since the motorcar of the invention has an independent driving axle for both the rear wheels which is adapted to be individually supported by means of a swing arm and a suspension mechanism and thereby any shock imparted to one of the rear wheels can be completely absorbed with the aid of the corresponding suspension mechanism, the body o* the motorcar has an improved operative stability during running or driving.
B ~ 3_
Claims (13)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels compris-ing:
two front wheels and two rear wheels;
a frame structure comprising a pair of upper frames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames;
said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore end portions extending downward from a bent portion of each upper frame at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined por-tions extending rearward a certain distance at a gentle downward slope;
said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected to the pair of upper frames by a fore axle at their fore ends and by vertically extending frames at their rear ends;
said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames and connecting one of the upper frames to the other upper frame and one of the lower frames to the other lower frame;
a steering head disposed at said bent portion of the upper frames;
front wheel supporting sections disposed at both the end parts of the fore axle; and rear wheel supporting sections disposed at the rearmost end parts of the lower frames.
two front wheels and two rear wheels;
a frame structure comprising a pair of upper frames, a pair of lower frames and a plurality of spacer frames;
said pair of upper frames comprising a pair of fore end portions extending downward from a bent portion of each upper frame at a forward inclination angle and a pair of inclined por-tions extending rearward a certain distance at a gentle downward slope;
said pair of lower frames being fixedly connected to the pair of upper frames by a fore axle at their fore ends and by vertically extending frames at their rear ends;
said spacer frames extending in the transverse direction relative to the upper and lower frames and connecting one of the upper frames to the other upper frame and one of the lower frames to the other lower frame;
a steering head disposed at said bent portion of the upper frames;
front wheel supporting sections disposed at both the end parts of the fore axle; and rear wheel supporting sections disposed at the rearmost end parts of the lower frames.
2. A saddle riding type motorcar as defined in claim 1, and further comprising:
an engine mounting area and a fuel tank mounting area provided in the space defined by both the upper frames and the lower frames;
a front cover fixedly mounted on the fore part of the upper frames;
a rear cover fixedly mounted on the rear part of the upper frames;
attachment means for attaching said covers to said upper frames; and a seat placed on said rear cover.
an engine mounting area and a fuel tank mounting area provided in the space defined by both the upper frames and the lower frames;
a front cover fixedly mounted on the fore part of the upper frames;
a rear cover fixedly mounted on the rear part of the upper frames;
attachment means for attaching said covers to said upper frames; and a seat placed on said rear cover.
3. A saddle riding type motorcar as defined in claim 2, and further comprising:
front fenders located at both sides of said front cover;
and air intake ports formed on the fore part of the front cover at the middle area located between said fenders.
front fenders located at both sides of said front cover;
and air intake ports formed on the fore part of the front cover at the middle area located between said fenders.
4. A saddle riding type motorcar as defined in claim 2, wherein said front cover is molded integrally with the front fenders; and further comprising rear fenders located at both sides of said rear cover and molded integrally therewith.
5. A saddle-riding motorcar having four wheels comprising:
a frame having upper and lower portions;
two front wheels and two rear wheels mounted on the right and left sides of the frame;
balloon tires fitted on each wheel having a large width for travelling on rough roads;
a seat mounted lengthwise substantially in the center of the upper portion of the frame;
an engine mounted on the frame below said seat for driv-ing the rear wheels;
a fore axle mounted on the frame;
means for mounting said front wheels on the opposite ends of said fore axle so that they can be moved with respect to the frame for steering the motorcar;
a steering shaft operatively mounted on the frame having an upper and a lower end;
a handlebar mounted at the upper end of said steering shaft;
an arm fixedly attached to each front wheel;
a steering shaft arm on the lower end of said steering shaft;
a link mechanism operatively connecting each front wheel arm to said steering shaft arm so that operation of said steering shaft steers the motorcar; and a bar-type footstep mounted at each side of the frame between said front and rear wheels so that the main part thereof is positioned on the locus of the front tires, and the outer end of each step is positioned inside a line connecting the outer sides of said front and rear wheels.
a frame having upper and lower portions;
two front wheels and two rear wheels mounted on the right and left sides of the frame;
balloon tires fitted on each wheel having a large width for travelling on rough roads;
a seat mounted lengthwise substantially in the center of the upper portion of the frame;
an engine mounted on the frame below said seat for driv-ing the rear wheels;
a fore axle mounted on the frame;
means for mounting said front wheels on the opposite ends of said fore axle so that they can be moved with respect to the frame for steering the motorcar;
a steering shaft operatively mounted on the frame having an upper and a lower end;
a handlebar mounted at the upper end of said steering shaft;
an arm fixedly attached to each front wheel;
a steering shaft arm on the lower end of said steering shaft;
a link mechanism operatively connecting each front wheel arm to said steering shaft arm so that operation of said steering shaft steers the motorcar; and a bar-type footstep mounted at each side of the frame between said front and rear wheels so that the main part thereof is positioned on the locus of the front tires, and the outer end of each step is positioned inside a line connecting the outer sides of said front and rear wheels.
6. A saddle riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said means for mounting said front wheels on the ends of said fore axle comprises a kingpin system for rotatably supporting the front wheels.
said means for mounting said front wheels on the ends of said fore axle comprises a kingpin system for rotatably supporting the front wheels.
7. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
the diameter of said front wheels is smaller than the diameter of said rear wheels.
the diameter of said front wheels is smaller than the diameter of said rear wheels.
8. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
the tread of said rear tires is larger than the tread of said front tires.
the tread of said rear tires is larger than the tread of said front tires.
9. A saddle-riding motor car as claimed in claim 5 and further comprising:
a suspension mechanism is operatively provided on at least one of said front and rear wheels.
a suspension mechanism is operatively provided on at least one of said front and rear wheels.
10. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 and further comprising:
an independent driving axle on which each rear wheel is mounted;
individual swing arms operatively supporting each driving axle; and individual suspension mechanisms operatively connecting said swing arms to the frame.
an independent driving axle on which each rear wheel is mounted;
individual swing arms operatively supporting each driving axle; and individual suspension mechanisms operatively connecting said swing arms to the frame.
11. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 and further comprising:
a bumper fixedly attached to said fore axle and adapted to serve as a lifting handle for the motorcar.
a bumper fixedly attached to said fore axle and adapted to serve as a lifting handle for the motorcar.
12. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 5 and further comprising:
a front cover mounted on the frame having right and left front fenders integral therewith.
a front cover mounted on the frame having right and left front fenders integral therewith.
13. A saddle-riding motorcar as claimed in claim 12 and further comprising:
air inlet means in the front surface of said front cover between said front fender.
air inlet means in the front surface of said front cover between said front fender.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP017324/1982 | 1982-02-05 | ||
| JP57017324A JPS58136576A (en) | 1982-02-05 | 1982-02-05 | Saddling type four wheel car |
| JP017768/1982 | 1982-02-06 | ||
| JP57017768A JPS58136577A (en) | 1982-02-06 | 1982-02-06 | Frame structure of saddling type four wheel car |
| JP57199640A JPS5989281A (en) | 1982-11-13 | 1982-11-13 | Saddling type four-wheel vehicle |
| JP199641/1982 | 1982-11-13 | ||
| JP57199641A JPS5989284A (en) | 1982-11-13 | 1982-11-13 | Suspension system of wheel of rear two-wheel car |
| JP199640/1982 | 1982-11-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1194804A true CA1194804A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
Family
ID=27456756
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000420899A Expired CA1194804A (en) | 1982-02-05 | 1983-02-04 | Saddle riding type motorcar having four wheels |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4535869A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU551549B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1194804A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ203181A (en) |
Families Citing this family (56)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0647387B2 (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1994-06-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Four-wheel drive vehicle |
| JPS59124467A (en) * | 1982-12-29 | 1984-07-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Saddle-ride type four-wheeler |
| US4588200A (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1986-05-13 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Braking arrangement for wheeled vehicle |
| JPS6060081A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Saddling type bogie car |
| JPS60134087U (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1985-09-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Automobile body frame |
| JPS60234026A (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1985-11-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Swing frame supporting device in vehicles |
| US4770262A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1988-09-13 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Four-wheel motor vehicle with riding saddle seat |
| JPH041031Y2 (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1992-01-14 | ||
| JPH0418948Y2 (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1992-04-28 | ||
| JPH0825498B2 (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1996-03-13 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Saddle-type four-wheeled vehicle for running on rough terrain |
| US4650210A (en) * | 1985-01-30 | 1987-03-17 | Suzuki Motor Company Limited | Saddle type wheeled vehicle for off-road service |
| JPS61218433A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-27 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Power transmission device in vehicle |
| JPH0615799Y2 (en) * | 1985-05-01 | 1994-04-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Engine cooling structure for saddle type vehicles |
| US4749205A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1988-06-07 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Steering system for motor vehicle |
| JPS6218378A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Rear fender device in saddling type car |
| JPH0686230B2 (en) * | 1985-10-07 | 1994-11-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Vehicle frame |
| US4776417A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1988-10-11 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle with radiator |
| AU594707B2 (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1990-03-15 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Saddle type vehicle running on uneven ground |
| US4650029A (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-03-17 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Off-the-road four-wheel drive vehicle |
| US4683970A (en) * | 1986-04-17 | 1987-08-04 | Ontario Drive And Gear Limited | Trailer for all-terrain vehicle |
| JPH0634213Y2 (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1994-09-07 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Seated four-wheel buggy-front body of car |
| US4799565A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1989-01-24 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel supply system for off-road vehicle |
| JPS63255191A (en) * | 1987-03-19 | 1988-10-21 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Overall geography type car |
| JP3270918B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 2002-04-02 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Front carry bar for four-wheeled vehicles |
| US6053272A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2000-04-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine mount for saddle-seat vehicle |
| CA2202330A1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-10 | Bombardier Inc. | All terrain vehicle |
| JP3792851B2 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2006-07-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Frame structure of saddle-ride type vehicle |
| US6626260B2 (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2003-09-30 | Bombardier Inc. | All terrain vehicle |
| US6631925B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2003-10-14 | William M. Lawson, Jr. | Miniaturized motor vehicle |
| US6460907B2 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2002-10-08 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Straddle type four-wheeled all-terrain vehicle and front guard for the same |
| CA2354742A1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-02-04 | Bombardier Inc. | Fender structure for an all terrain vehicle |
| JP2003011874A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-15 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Body frame of saddle type off-road vehicle and method of manufacturing it |
| JP4183975B2 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2008-11-19 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Four-wheel vehicle for rough terrain |
| US7097207B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-08-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Body cover for vehicle with saddle seat |
| JP4083566B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2008-04-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Steering shaft support structure for vehicles traveling on rough terrain |
| EP1836064A4 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2010-10-06 | American Off Road Technologies | Improved reduced-size vehicle |
| US7740100B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2010-06-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Cover structure for buggy vehicle |
| US7708106B1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2010-05-04 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Rear swing arm suspension for an ATV |
| US7591503B2 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2009-09-22 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicle having layered body panel configuration |
| US7510236B2 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2009-03-31 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles having fender assembly |
| US7523981B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-04-28 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles having seat with compression surface |
| US7597387B2 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2009-10-06 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles and fender assemblies therefor |
| US7527323B2 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2009-05-05 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles having midpoint fastener and methods |
| US7438350B1 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2008-10-21 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | Vehicles having fastener extending into apertures of respective body panels and methods |
| US7530629B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-05-12 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | Panel assemblies, vehicles, and methods of manufacturing |
| US7537271B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-05-26 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles having swivel clip and methods |
| US7527322B2 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-05-05 | Honda Motor Company, Ltd. | All terrain vehicles having stay assembly |
| US7896371B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2011-03-01 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | All terrain vehicle with double wishbone suspension |
| US7735869B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-06-15 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Straddle type vehicle |
| JP2011143857A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Vehicle |
| US8864204B2 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-10-21 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Center panel assembly for a vehicle body |
| US9446809B2 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2016-09-20 | Richard Oneal Sallis | Frame covering device with air vents |
| US9724989B2 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-08-08 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle |
| US9481402B1 (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2016-11-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for supporting vehicle components |
| US11332215B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2022-05-17 | Arctic Cat Inc. | Snow vehicle |
| CA3024226A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2019-05-15 | Arctic Cat Inc. | Snow vehicle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4070032A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1978-01-24 | Cunningham William W | Four wheel pedal driven vehicle |
| US4065144A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-12-27 | General Motors Corporation | Cambering vehicle |
| US4165094A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-08-21 | Ageo Industries Co., Ltd. | Juvenile toy vehicle |
| JPS5820828B2 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1983-04-25 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | motorcycle frame |
| JPS5743740Y2 (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1982-09-27 | ||
| US4392536A (en) * | 1980-02-14 | 1983-07-12 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle |
-
1983
- 1983-01-31 US US06/462,236 patent/US4535869A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-02-04 NZ NZ203181A patent/NZ203181A/en unknown
- 1983-02-04 CA CA000420899A patent/CA1194804A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-04 AU AU11157/83A patent/AU551549B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ203181A (en) | 1987-02-20 |
| AU551549B2 (en) | 1986-05-01 |
| AU1115783A (en) | 1983-08-11 |
| US4535869A (en) | 1985-08-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |