CA1132875A - Surgical staplers and staple - Google Patents
Surgical staplers and stapleInfo
- Publication number
- CA1132875A CA1132875A CA326,137A CA326137A CA1132875A CA 1132875 A CA1132875 A CA 1132875A CA 326137 A CA326137 A CA 326137A CA 1132875 A CA1132875 A CA 1132875A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- staple
- ram
- anvil
- magazine
- surgical stapler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/0682—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil
- A61B17/0684—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying U-shaped staples or clamps, e.g. without a forming anvil having a forming anvil staying above the tissue during stapling
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The specification discloses a forming die movable along a track by a pair of toggle-joint linkages to move from a column of staples a staple hav-ing a downwardly bowed central portion into engagement with an anvil, then bend outer portions down over the anvil to drive pointed legs into the flesh and bring the legs into alignment with each other. The column of staples is pressed by a spring arm and a follower toward the track and is laterally sup-ported in a staple magazine. Each toggle joint-linkage is a one-piece member with two rigid arms connected by an undulating spring portion. The magazine is detachably connected to the track by spring latches. Another stapler has a hook-like anvil, and the bowed central portion of the staple as it is pres-sed against the anvil by a forming die or ram, is first straightened and then bent legs are bent from the central portion, thus giving a "soft" initial feel to the stapling.
The specification discloses a forming die movable along a track by a pair of toggle-joint linkages to move from a column of staples a staple hav-ing a downwardly bowed central portion into engagement with an anvil, then bend outer portions down over the anvil to drive pointed legs into the flesh and bring the legs into alignment with each other. The column of staples is pressed by a spring arm and a follower toward the track and is laterally sup-ported in a staple magazine. Each toggle joint-linkage is a one-piece member with two rigid arms connected by an undulating spring portion. The magazine is detachably connected to the track by spring latches. Another stapler has a hook-like anvil, and the bowed central portion of the staple as it is pres-sed against the anvil by a forming die or ram, is first straightened and then bent legs are bent from the central portion, thus giving a "soft" initial feel to the stapling.
Description
1~3Z875 This invention relates to improved surgical staplers and an improved surgical staple, and has for an ohject thereof the provision of new and improved surgical staplers and a new and improved surgical staple.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surgical stapler having a longitudinally extending guideway in which a staple is formed by means of an actuator movable within the guideway, the actuator being moved by means of a drive unit, characterized in that an anvil is disposed within the guideway and the actuator comprises a ram, the ram moving the staple within the guideway in a direction towards the anvil, and in that the drive unit comprises at least one toggle-joint handle movable in a direction transverse to the moving direction of the ram, the toggle-joint handle having the form of a bowed member, the toggle-joint handle including a first arm pivotally secured to the body of the stapler and a second arm pivotally connected to the ram at one end and pivotally connected at its other end to the first arm and including spring means urging the arms toward a folded condition.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodi-ments of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a surgical stapler;
Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the stapler of Figure 1 and one embodiment of a staple;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a side elevation view of the surgical stapler of Figure 1, Figure S is a bottom plan view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a front elevation view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
~132875 Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 3;
Figure 8 is a fragmentary, front elevation view of the stapler of Figure l;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical sec-tion taken along line 9-9 of Figure. 8;
Figures 10 and 11 are vertical, sectional views taken along lines 10-10 and 11-11 of Figure 3;
Figures 12, 13 and 14 are enlarged, fragmentary views of the stapler and staple showing the different steps in a stapling operation;
Figure 15 is a top plan view of the stapler with its magazine removed;
Figure 16 is an enlarged, vertical, sectional view taken along line 16-16 of Figure 15;
Figure 17 is an enlarged, vertical, sectional view taken along line 17-17 of Figure 15;
Figure 18 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view, like Figure 9, but of an alternate embodiment of a stapler; and Figures 19, 20 and 21 are enlarged, fragmentary views, like Figures 12, 13 and 14, but of the stapler of Figure 18.
: An improved surgical stapler 10 according to one aspect of the invention is adapted to staple improved sur-gical staples 12 according to another aspect of the invention. The stapler includes a cover 14 of stainless steel and a base 16 I-shaped in transverse cross-section and of a tough plastic material such as, for example, an acetal such as "DELRIN" (Trade Mark) or an acrylic material. The cover and the base form a guideway 18 for a plate-like ram 20 of stainless steel, the ram being drivable by two, identical
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surgical stapler having a longitudinally extending guideway in which a staple is formed by means of an actuator movable within the guideway, the actuator being moved by means of a drive unit, characterized in that an anvil is disposed within the guideway and the actuator comprises a ram, the ram moving the staple within the guideway in a direction towards the anvil, and in that the drive unit comprises at least one toggle-joint handle movable in a direction transverse to the moving direction of the ram, the toggle-joint handle having the form of a bowed member, the toggle-joint handle including a first arm pivotally secured to the body of the stapler and a second arm pivotally connected to the ram at one end and pivotally connected at its other end to the first arm and including spring means urging the arms toward a folded condition.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate exemplary embodi-ments of the present invention:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a surgical stapler;
Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the stapler of Figure 1 and one embodiment of a staple;
Figure 3 is a top plan view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a side elevation view of the surgical stapler of Figure 1, Figure S is a bottom plan view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
Figure 6 is a front elevation view of the surgical stapler of Figure l;
~132875 Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 of Figure 3;
Figure 8 is a fragmentary, front elevation view of the stapler of Figure l;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical sec-tion taken along line 9-9 of Figure. 8;
Figures 10 and 11 are vertical, sectional views taken along lines 10-10 and 11-11 of Figure 3;
Figures 12, 13 and 14 are enlarged, fragmentary views of the stapler and staple showing the different steps in a stapling operation;
Figure 15 is a top plan view of the stapler with its magazine removed;
Figure 16 is an enlarged, vertical, sectional view taken along line 16-16 of Figure 15;
Figure 17 is an enlarged, vertical, sectional view taken along line 17-17 of Figure 15;
Figure 18 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view, like Figure 9, but of an alternate embodiment of a stapler; and Figures 19, 20 and 21 are enlarged, fragmentary views, like Figures 12, 13 and 14, but of the stapler of Figure 18.
: An improved surgical stapler 10 according to one aspect of the invention is adapted to staple improved sur-gical staples 12 according to another aspect of the invention. The stapler includes a cover 14 of stainless steel and a base 16 I-shaped in transverse cross-section and of a tough plastic material such as, for example, an acetal such as "DELRIN" (Trade Mark) or an acrylic material. The cover and the base form a guideway 18 for a plate-like ram 20 of stainless steel, the ram being drivable by two, identical
-2-1~3Z875 manually operably toggle-joint linkage handles 22 from a retracted position past a stack or column 24 of the staples in a magazine 26 to move the lowermost staple out of the stack along the guideway and into engagement with an anvil 27 of the base, and then form the staple around the anvil to insert pointed legs 28 of the staple into a patient 30 at opposite sides of a cut 32 to be sutured and bend top 34 of the staple to form the staple into a rectangle. Pressure on the handles is released slightly and the anvil then is slid out from under the top of the suture. Then remaining pres-sure on the handles 22 is released and the handles retract the ram 20, after which another staple is moved through the magazine 26 into the guideway for another stapling operation.
The base 16 includes a hook 40 and a key 42, and the rear end portion of the cover has a keying notch 44 that fits over the key, and fits under the hook and thus is trapped.
Holes 46 in the cover receive rear pins 48 on rear gussets or webs 50 of rear arms 51 of the handles 22, and front pins 52 on front gussets or webs 54 of front arms 55 of the handles fit in holes 56 in the ram 20. The cover has a raised clear-ance portion 57 for the pins 52. The ram is slidable between and guided by side flanges 58 of a channel-like, forwardly located guide portion 60 of the cover. The guideway 18 is formed by the guide portion 60 and side ribs 62 of the base 16. A staple supporting center rib 64 is provided on the base intermediate the side ribs 62 for frictionally engaging the lowermost staple 12 to keep it from moving along the guideway except by action of the ram. The center rib has a shallow notch 66 for holding the staple against accidental movement along the guideway. The ribs 62 serve to support the legs 28 of the staple. In one constructed stapler, the height of the center rib was .005 inches higher than the side
The base 16 includes a hook 40 and a key 42, and the rear end portion of the cover has a keying notch 44 that fits over the key, and fits under the hook and thus is trapped.
Holes 46 in the cover receive rear pins 48 on rear gussets or webs 50 of rear arms 51 of the handles 22, and front pins 52 on front gussets or webs 54 of front arms 55 of the handles fit in holes 56 in the ram 20. The cover has a raised clear-ance portion 57 for the pins 52. The ram is slidable between and guided by side flanges 58 of a channel-like, forwardly located guide portion 60 of the cover. The guideway 18 is formed by the guide portion 60 and side ribs 62 of the base 16. A staple supporting center rib 64 is provided on the base intermediate the side ribs 62 for frictionally engaging the lowermost staple 12 to keep it from moving along the guideway except by action of the ram. The center rib has a shallow notch 66 for holding the staple against accidental movement along the guideway. The ribs 62 serve to support the legs 28 of the staple. In one constructed stapler, the height of the center rib was .005 inches higher than the side
-3-1~3Z87~
ribs 62. The ram 20 has a groove 68 to provide clearance for the rib 64.
The magazine 26 includes a pair of T-shaped lugs 70, which snap under hook portions of clips 72 of the base 16 to lock the cover 14 to the base and the magazine to the base and the cover with a tab or key 74 fitting into a hole 76 formed in the cover between a rib 78 of the cover edge 80, a downwardly looped strap 82 being cut therefrom to form the hole 76 and also serve as a rear stop for the ram. The for-ward one of the clips 72 keeps the cover from moving forwardly relative to the base. The magazine 26 has guide-way 84 for the stack 24 of staples 12, and a leaf spring 86 of acetal or nylon presses a follower 88 against the stack to ~, press the innermost one of the staples against the center rib 64. The leaf spring has a fulcrum tab 90 positioned in V-notch 92 and the leaf spring is trapped under lugs 34 on ,;
sidewalls 96 of the magazine. Presser tab 98 bears against the inside end of the follower, which is complimentary in shape to the guideway 84. The guideway 84 includes outer, angular guide portions 100 guiding outer corner portions of the staple and inner, ribs 102 guiding inner corner portions of the staples. The cover 14 has an opening 104 through which the stack extends. The follower 88 extends through the opening into the path of the ram 20 when the ram has been retracted after the last staple has been stapled, the fol-lower then blocking movement of the ram, which indicates to the user that the staples have all been used.
Each linkage handle 22 includes an undulating, flex-ible leaf spring portion 109 having finger or thumb recesses 112. The leaf spring portions hingedly connect the corresponding arms 51 and 55 and form continuations of wide, strip-like portions 115 of the arms, which are rigidified by the gussets 50 and 54.
The ram 20 includes a pair of forming tines 110 hav-ing rounded noses 113 and aligned f shallow grooves 114 for receiving and centering portions 116 of the staple.
$dges 118 converge slightly, about 4 toward each other pro-ceeding rearwardly. The rear end of the notch formed by the tines acts as a stop when it presses the central portion 130 of the staple against the anvil to limit forward movement of the ram. The webs 50 preferably having spring finger por-tions 120 acting as cushions or shock absorbers at the end of each stapling operation so that cushioning is provided.
The portions 116 of the staple 12 are aligned with each other and are connected to a downwardly bowed central portion 130 so that they are somewhat prebent toward each other as the central, bowed portion is bent straight during the initial forming of a stapling operation, as shown in Figure 13. Then the portions 116 are bent to right-angles with the central portion 130.
As best shown in Figure 9, the anvil is somewhat belled or cupped to conform to the bowed, central portion 13 of the staple, and is easily slid out from under the por-tion 130 after a stapling operation.
Embodiment of Figures 18-21 A surgical stapler forming an alternate embodiment of the invention is identical to the stapler 10 except that an anvil 227 is straight, when viewed from one edge, rather than cupped and is somewhat hook-like. In the stapling operation, Gnl~ the bowed central portion 130 of the staple 12 first engages the anvil and is straightened. Then the portions 116 are bent at right angles to the straightened central portion to complete the stapling. The force required ., ~L13Z8~5 to straighten the central portion is low compared to that required to make right angle bends 231 so that only a "soft"
initial feel or force is used to make the required actuating force gradual rather than an abrupt, high force. It should be noted that tines 310, like the tines 110, are spaced sub-stantially from the edges of the anvil to give high leverage in for~ing the corners 231. Also, by having the bow and the portions 116 aligned at the start the corners 231 are already started or prebent before any stapling occurs. This causes the tines to press on sloping portions 116 after the bowed portion is straightened. The anvil has rounded staple engaging portions 311 engaging the portions 116 during the formation of the corners 231, and the portions 311 increase the wedging effect to keep the force low.
ribs 62. The ram 20 has a groove 68 to provide clearance for the rib 64.
The magazine 26 includes a pair of T-shaped lugs 70, which snap under hook portions of clips 72 of the base 16 to lock the cover 14 to the base and the magazine to the base and the cover with a tab or key 74 fitting into a hole 76 formed in the cover between a rib 78 of the cover edge 80, a downwardly looped strap 82 being cut therefrom to form the hole 76 and also serve as a rear stop for the ram. The for-ward one of the clips 72 keeps the cover from moving forwardly relative to the base. The magazine 26 has guide-way 84 for the stack 24 of staples 12, and a leaf spring 86 of acetal or nylon presses a follower 88 against the stack to ~, press the innermost one of the staples against the center rib 64. The leaf spring has a fulcrum tab 90 positioned in V-notch 92 and the leaf spring is trapped under lugs 34 on ,;
sidewalls 96 of the magazine. Presser tab 98 bears against the inside end of the follower, which is complimentary in shape to the guideway 84. The guideway 84 includes outer, angular guide portions 100 guiding outer corner portions of the staple and inner, ribs 102 guiding inner corner portions of the staples. The cover 14 has an opening 104 through which the stack extends. The follower 88 extends through the opening into the path of the ram 20 when the ram has been retracted after the last staple has been stapled, the fol-lower then blocking movement of the ram, which indicates to the user that the staples have all been used.
Each linkage handle 22 includes an undulating, flex-ible leaf spring portion 109 having finger or thumb recesses 112. The leaf spring portions hingedly connect the corresponding arms 51 and 55 and form continuations of wide, strip-like portions 115 of the arms, which are rigidified by the gussets 50 and 54.
The ram 20 includes a pair of forming tines 110 hav-ing rounded noses 113 and aligned f shallow grooves 114 for receiving and centering portions 116 of the staple.
$dges 118 converge slightly, about 4 toward each other pro-ceeding rearwardly. The rear end of the notch formed by the tines acts as a stop when it presses the central portion 130 of the staple against the anvil to limit forward movement of the ram. The webs 50 preferably having spring finger por-tions 120 acting as cushions or shock absorbers at the end of each stapling operation so that cushioning is provided.
The portions 116 of the staple 12 are aligned with each other and are connected to a downwardly bowed central portion 130 so that they are somewhat prebent toward each other as the central, bowed portion is bent straight during the initial forming of a stapling operation, as shown in Figure 13. Then the portions 116 are bent to right-angles with the central portion 130.
As best shown in Figure 9, the anvil is somewhat belled or cupped to conform to the bowed, central portion 13 of the staple, and is easily slid out from under the por-tion 130 after a stapling operation.
Embodiment of Figures 18-21 A surgical stapler forming an alternate embodiment of the invention is identical to the stapler 10 except that an anvil 227 is straight, when viewed from one edge, rather than cupped and is somewhat hook-like. In the stapling operation, Gnl~ the bowed central portion 130 of the staple 12 first engages the anvil and is straightened. Then the portions 116 are bent at right angles to the straightened central portion to complete the stapling. The force required ., ~L13Z8~5 to straighten the central portion is low compared to that required to make right angle bends 231 so that only a "soft"
initial feel or force is used to make the required actuating force gradual rather than an abrupt, high force. It should be noted that tines 310, like the tines 110, are spaced sub-stantially from the edges of the anvil to give high leverage in for~ing the corners 231. Also, by having the bow and the portions 116 aligned at the start the corners 231 are already started or prebent before any stapling occurs. This causes the tines to press on sloping portions 116 after the bowed portion is straightened. The anvil has rounded staple engaging portions 311 engaging the portions 116 during the formation of the corners 231, and the portions 311 increase the wedging effect to keep the force low.
Claims (8)
1. A surgical stapler having a longitudinally extending guideway in which a staple is formed by means of an actuator movable within the guideway, the actuator being moved by means of a drive unit, characterized in that an anvil is disposed within the guideway and the actuator comprises a ram, the ram moving the staple within the guideway in a direction towards the anvil, and in that the drive unit comprises at least one toggle-joint handle movable in a direction transverse to the moving direction of the ram, the toggle-joint handle having the form of a bowed member, the toggle-joint handle including a first arm pivotally secured to the body of the stapler and a second arm pivotally connected to the ram at one end and pivotally connected at its other end to the first arm and including spring means urging the arms toward a folded condition.
2. The surgical stapler of claim 1, in which the first and second arms are pivotally connected to the body and the ram by pins.
3. The surgical stapler of claim 1 wherein the spring means is a leaf spring connecting the arms pivotally together.
4. The surgical stapler of claim 1, in which the first and second arms and the spring means are integral.
5. The surgical stapler of claim 1, in which the spring means is undulating in shape.
6. The surgical stapler of claim 1, in which the first and second arms and the spring means are of plastic material.
7. The surgical stapler of claim 1, including a magazine and releasable interlocking spring clip portions on the magazine and the body for holding the magazine on the body.
8. The surgical stapler of claim 7, in which the body includes a base and a cover separate from the base, the magazine serving to secure the cover to the base, clip means for attaching the magazine to the base, the base having a socket at one end and the cover having an end portion fitting into the socket.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US89935078A | 1978-04-24 | 1978-04-24 | |
| US026,071 | 1979-04-03 | ||
| US06/026,071 US4256251A (en) | 1978-04-24 | 1979-04-03 | Surgical staplers and staple |
| US899,350 | 1986-08-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1132875A true CA1132875A (en) | 1982-10-05 |
Family
ID=26700744
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA326,137A Expired CA1132875A (en) | 1978-04-24 | 1979-04-23 | Surgical staplers and staple |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4256251A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS54142889A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU519136B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1132875A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH626528A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2914794C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2424018B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2019296B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE443705B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1184431A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000970A1 (en) |
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| DE50102564D1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-07-15 | Univ Eberhard Karls | DEVICE FOR INSERTING AND SHAPING SKIN CLIPS |
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| US7942304B2 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2011-05-17 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Two piece anvil for surgical stapler |
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| US7926691B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2011-04-19 | Tyco Healthcare Group, L.P. | Variable compression surgical fastener cartridge |
| US8231041B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2012-07-31 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Variable compression surgical fastener cartridge |
| US8464922B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2013-06-18 | Covidien Lp | Variable compression surgical fastener cartridge |
| US8967446B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2015-03-03 | Covidien Lp | Variable compression surgical fastener cartridge |
| US8186556B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2012-05-29 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Variable compression surgical fastener apparatus |
| US9016541B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2015-04-28 | Covidien Lp | Varying tissue compression with an anvil configuration |
| US8091756B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2012-01-10 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Varying tissue compression using take-up component |
| US20100023052A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Staple for use in surgical procedures |
| US9265501B2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2016-02-23 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Surgical stapler with corrugated thermoplastic leaf spring |
| CN113243961B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-07-08 | 吉林大学 | Intracardiac branch of academic or vocational study nursing is with intermittent type hemostasis by compression device |
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| US506861A (en) * | 1893-10-17 | Island | ||
| US368423A (en) * | 1887-08-16 | Half to jean scheebel | ||
| US1945377A (en) * | 1933-10-25 | 1934-01-30 | Charles B Goodstein | Stapling machine |
| US2142782A (en) * | 1938-09-15 | 1939-01-03 | Elmon C Gillette | Staple |
| US2744251A (en) * | 1953-06-04 | 1956-05-08 | Vollmer Leonhard | Automatic inserter for suturing clips |
| US3077812A (en) * | 1958-01-27 | 1963-02-19 | Josef Kihlberg | Staple |
| DE1094230B (en) * | 1959-02-20 | 1960-12-08 | Heinrich Mezger | Staples with a lower flexural strength in the staple area in the back area than in the thigh area |
| DE1286690B (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1969-01-09 | Heimann Werner | Extraction forceps |
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| BE754137A (en) * | 1969-07-29 | 1971-01-29 | Ici Ltd | FORCEPS TO APPLY SURGICAL CLIPS |
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| SU613754A1 (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1978-07-05 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Surgery apparatus for tissue suturing |
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| JPS6019309B2 (en) * | 1976-09-29 | 1985-05-15 | 日清製粉株式会社 | Production method of high purity dl-α-tocopherol |
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| US4109844A (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1978-08-29 | Senco Products, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument |
-
1979
- 1979-04-03 US US06/026,071 patent/US4256251A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-04-11 SE SE7903254A patent/SE443705B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-11 DE DE2914794A patent/DE2914794C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-17 WO PCT/US1979/000243 patent/WO1979000970A1/en unknown
- 1979-04-23 AU AU46268/79A patent/AU519136B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-04-23 CH CH378479A patent/CH626528A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-04-23 CA CA326,137A patent/CA1132875A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-23 GB GB7913996A patent/GB2019296B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-23 FR FR7910255A patent/FR2424018B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-23 JP JP4919379A patent/JPS54142889A/en active Granted
- 1979-12-06 SU SU792854824A patent/SU1184431A3/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2914794C2 (en) | 1983-02-03 |
| GB2019296B (en) | 1982-06-16 |
| DE2914794A1 (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| FR2424018A1 (en) | 1979-11-23 |
| SE7903254L (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| AU4626879A (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| CH626528A5 (en) | 1981-11-30 |
| WO1979000970A1 (en) | 1979-11-15 |
| JPS54142889A (en) | 1979-11-07 |
| GB2019296A (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| AU519136B2 (en) | 1981-11-12 |
| JPS5746854B2 (en) | 1982-10-06 |
| SE443705B (en) | 1986-03-10 |
| SU1184431A3 (en) | 1985-10-07 |
| FR2424018B1 (en) | 1985-06-28 |
| US4256251A (en) | 1981-03-17 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |