CA1096608A - Gear pitch gauge - Google Patents
Gear pitch gaugeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096608A CA1096608A CA304,567A CA304567A CA1096608A CA 1096608 A CA1096608 A CA 1096608A CA 304567 A CA304567 A CA 304567A CA 1096608 A CA1096608 A CA 1096608A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gauge
- pitch
- gear
- teeth
- tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
- G01B5/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures
- G01B5/166—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures between a succession of regularly spaced objects or regularly spaced apertures of gear teeth
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DICLOSURE
The extent of non-uniformity of the teeth on a gear wheel or on a rack may be readily checked using a hand-held adjustable gauge providing a range of capability for teeth of differing pitch and size, the gauge having an adjustable datum screw by which the body of the gauge is positioned above the tooth tip so as to locate a depending mixed probe point against the flank of a tooth, closely adjacent the pitch circle, A moveable probe is set in cor-responding contracting relation against the flank of another tooth and a dial test indicator coupled thereto is centred to give a preliminary null reading. The gauge is then relocated without further adjustment on another pair of teeth and the variation in pitch distance from the first or null value is read off the gauge as a positive or negative value indicating a lesser or greater pitch distance between the respective teeth. In the case of very large gear wheels the outer diame-ter of the tip of the teeth may be centric to the pitch circle of the gear. In such cases a band concentric with the pitch circle is machined, usually on the outer diameter of the gear, to facilitate accurate use of the gauge.
The extent of non-uniformity of the teeth on a gear wheel or on a rack may be readily checked using a hand-held adjustable gauge providing a range of capability for teeth of differing pitch and size, the gauge having an adjustable datum screw by which the body of the gauge is positioned above the tooth tip so as to locate a depending mixed probe point against the flank of a tooth, closely adjacent the pitch circle, A moveable probe is set in cor-responding contracting relation against the flank of another tooth and a dial test indicator coupled thereto is centred to give a preliminary null reading. The gauge is then relocated without further adjustment on another pair of teeth and the variation in pitch distance from the first or null value is read off the gauge as a positive or negative value indicating a lesser or greater pitch distance between the respective teeth. In the case of very large gear wheels the outer diame-ter of the tip of the teeth may be centric to the pitch circle of the gear. In such cases a band concentric with the pitch circle is machined, usually on the outer diameter of the gear, to facilitate accurate use of the gauge.
Description
6~
A hand holdable gauge is provided for measuring -the pitch of gear teeth on a gear wheel or rack, and a method for using the ~auge on a gear whee] wherein the outside diameter of the gear is eccentric.
During the manufacture of gears and in servicing gears in the Field it is often desirable to check Eor wear or irregularity in the teeth~ as denoted by variations between the pitch o* the teeth.
Prior hand held instrumentation has comprised a highly precise scientific instrument of Swiss manu~acture wherein the datum setting of the gear is provided by straddling the instrument over a tooth to provide precise indexing on both flanks of the tooth. Owing to variations in tooth thickness which can readily occur, this can displace the gauge radially, to produce a false reading, owing to non-adherence to the reference circle initially selected. The reference circle normally selected is the pitch circle of the teeth.
In addition to undue complexity and impractical sensitivity, the prior art instrument also is characteri~ed by high cost and delicacy.
The presently disclosed gauge is a robust, simple instrument costing about one order less than the known prior instrument~ and providing acceptable accuracy and repeatability.
In order to effectively operate the presently dis-closed gauge in the case of large gears wherein the pitch line or pitch circle may deviate from parallelism with the tips of the teeth, there is provided a reference band having a predetermined width such as one inch, the band being parallel with the gear pitch line or pitch circle, in the case o~
racks and gear wheels respectively.
, Thus there is provided a gear system having a ga~tge for registry with the flanks of -the teeth, including the steps of providing where necessary a re:Eerence surface extending parallel with the pitch line o~ the gear teeth, the gauge including gauge index means for locating the gauge in pred~termined relation with the reference surface, first flank index means to engage a predetermined portion of a first too~h flank in gauge indexing relation, second flank index means to contact a corresponding portion of a second tooth flank, and displacement indicating means connected with the second index means -to provide indication of variations in the position of the second index means whereb~, upon relocation of the gauge .in pitch gauging relation bet-ween another set of teeth, a variation of the displacement indicating means is representative of the di.~ference in pitch distance between the two sets of teeth.
The presently disclosed system thereby provides a method ~or gauging variations in pitch length between sets of teeth on a gear. Comprising the steps of; providing a fixed datum band parallel with the pitch line of teeth to be gauged; mounting a pitch gauge in oriented relation relative to the datum band, and in contracting relation with the flank of a tooth proximate the pitch line; contacting a moveable probe against the corresponding flank of another tooth;
positioning dleflection d~tection means in registering rela-tion with the moveable probe; relocating the gauge in like relation with another set of teeth, and recording the variation of the deflection detection means between the first and second sets of teeth. Certain embodiments of the gauge and gauging system are described, reference being made to the accompanying drawinqs, wherein, Figure 1 is a general view showing a tooth pitch : - 2 -.. . - . . - . ,:
gauge as disclosed he~ein;
Figu.re 2 is a sicle view oE -che gauge mounted on a gear ~orm;
Figure 3 is a general view of a portion of the rim of a gear incorporating machined reference bands, and Figure 4 is a side view of a rack gear, indicating the presence or reference bands~
Turning to E'igs. l and 2, the pitch gauge 10 is provided with a base plate 12 with orientation legs 14, 16, each leg having a respective foot portion 18, 20 thereon.
In the illustrated embodiment, wherein the gauge 10 has a range o~ capability for teeth of difering si~e and pitch, the legs 14, 16 are adjustable, both as to length and as to spacing. Thus, the use of slotted base plate 12 and a tightenable securing screw 22 holding lower plate 24 and upper plate 26 in releasable sandwiching relation with the base plate 12 permits the leg 28 to be repositioned in rela- -tion to the length o the base plate 12 (i~e. along the slot).
The leg 28 has a cylindrical nose portion 30 providing a radiused surface for contacting the tooth flank 32. The legs 14, 16 are threaded along at least part of their length, : having respective locking screws 34, 36 to secure the feet portions 18, 20 a desired distance from the base plate 12 so as to position and orient the base plate 12 such that the base plate is generally parallel with the tooth pitch line, while the probe nose portion 30 contacts the tooth flank 32 proximate the pitch line.
The gauge lO has a pivotally adjustable probe 38 with a cylindrical nose portion 40 for contacting the flank portion of another tooth proximate the pitch line. The upper end S0 of probe 38 makes contact wi-th a dial test indicator 52, generally graduated in mils (0.001 inches)~
The arms of probe 38 are as a general rule of equal leng~h, so that displacement or probe nose portion 30 by a certain amount produces an equal and opposite displacement oE
the remote probe nose portion 50.
Thus, by arranging the gauge on a ~irs-t pair or se-t of g~ar teeth (not necessarily adjoining each other) such that the probe noses 30, 40 respectively make contact on the respective tooth flank closely adjacent to or on the pitch line, whereby the gauge is stably supported b~ the feet portions 18, 20, and in this condition setting to zero a moveable bezel 54 of the dial -test indicator 52, the gauge is read~ for use. By transferring the gauge to a second pair or set of teeth any difference in pitch distance PD
between the first and the second set or teeth can then be read directly off the dial test indicator, in thousandths oE
an inch.
Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated a reEerence band 60 machined parallel with the pitch circle of the gear.
In Fig. 4 the gear is a rack or linear ~ear again having a reference band 60 machined on one end of the teeth thereof in a plane parallel with the pitch line.
Alternatively in Figs. 3 and 4, reference bands 65 may be provided on the body o~ the gear. In such instance, the gauge lO required the provision of suitabl~ extended legs 14, 16, or extensions thereto; in order to position the gauge 10 above the teeth in the manner shown in Fig, 2.
While the gauge lO is illustrated as being adju~table, it will be understood that a non-adjustable gauge ~a~ be utilized where large quantities of standard gearing are to be checked.
It is general practice to check a gear against the advancing tooth flank where driving contact normally occurs.
Furthermore, the pitch distance normall~ checked is a single pitch. Although in some instances a multiple pi-tch distance could be used particularly where higher aCcUrac~l .iS required . ~ .. . . . . . ... . .
A hand holdable gauge is provided for measuring -the pitch of gear teeth on a gear wheel or rack, and a method for using the ~auge on a gear whee] wherein the outside diameter of the gear is eccentric.
During the manufacture of gears and in servicing gears in the Field it is often desirable to check Eor wear or irregularity in the teeth~ as denoted by variations between the pitch o* the teeth.
Prior hand held instrumentation has comprised a highly precise scientific instrument of Swiss manu~acture wherein the datum setting of the gear is provided by straddling the instrument over a tooth to provide precise indexing on both flanks of the tooth. Owing to variations in tooth thickness which can readily occur, this can displace the gauge radially, to produce a false reading, owing to non-adherence to the reference circle initially selected. The reference circle normally selected is the pitch circle of the teeth.
In addition to undue complexity and impractical sensitivity, the prior art instrument also is characteri~ed by high cost and delicacy.
The presently disclosed gauge is a robust, simple instrument costing about one order less than the known prior instrument~ and providing acceptable accuracy and repeatability.
In order to effectively operate the presently dis-closed gauge in the case of large gears wherein the pitch line or pitch circle may deviate from parallelism with the tips of the teeth, there is provided a reference band having a predetermined width such as one inch, the band being parallel with the gear pitch line or pitch circle, in the case o~
racks and gear wheels respectively.
, Thus there is provided a gear system having a ga~tge for registry with the flanks of -the teeth, including the steps of providing where necessary a re:Eerence surface extending parallel with the pitch line o~ the gear teeth, the gauge including gauge index means for locating the gauge in pred~termined relation with the reference surface, first flank index means to engage a predetermined portion of a first too~h flank in gauge indexing relation, second flank index means to contact a corresponding portion of a second tooth flank, and displacement indicating means connected with the second index means -to provide indication of variations in the position of the second index means whereb~, upon relocation of the gauge .in pitch gauging relation bet-ween another set of teeth, a variation of the displacement indicating means is representative of the di.~ference in pitch distance between the two sets of teeth.
The presently disclosed system thereby provides a method ~or gauging variations in pitch length between sets of teeth on a gear. Comprising the steps of; providing a fixed datum band parallel with the pitch line of teeth to be gauged; mounting a pitch gauge in oriented relation relative to the datum band, and in contracting relation with the flank of a tooth proximate the pitch line; contacting a moveable probe against the corresponding flank of another tooth;
positioning dleflection d~tection means in registering rela-tion with the moveable probe; relocating the gauge in like relation with another set of teeth, and recording the variation of the deflection detection means between the first and second sets of teeth. Certain embodiments of the gauge and gauging system are described, reference being made to the accompanying drawinqs, wherein, Figure 1 is a general view showing a tooth pitch : - 2 -.. . - . . - . ,:
gauge as disclosed he~ein;
Figu.re 2 is a sicle view oE -che gauge mounted on a gear ~orm;
Figure 3 is a general view of a portion of the rim of a gear incorporating machined reference bands, and Figure 4 is a side view of a rack gear, indicating the presence or reference bands~
Turning to E'igs. l and 2, the pitch gauge 10 is provided with a base plate 12 with orientation legs 14, 16, each leg having a respective foot portion 18, 20 thereon.
In the illustrated embodiment, wherein the gauge 10 has a range o~ capability for teeth of difering si~e and pitch, the legs 14, 16 are adjustable, both as to length and as to spacing. Thus, the use of slotted base plate 12 and a tightenable securing screw 22 holding lower plate 24 and upper plate 26 in releasable sandwiching relation with the base plate 12 permits the leg 28 to be repositioned in rela- -tion to the length o the base plate 12 (i~e. along the slot).
The leg 28 has a cylindrical nose portion 30 providing a radiused surface for contacting the tooth flank 32. The legs 14, 16 are threaded along at least part of their length, : having respective locking screws 34, 36 to secure the feet portions 18, 20 a desired distance from the base plate 12 so as to position and orient the base plate 12 such that the base plate is generally parallel with the tooth pitch line, while the probe nose portion 30 contacts the tooth flank 32 proximate the pitch line.
The gauge lO has a pivotally adjustable probe 38 with a cylindrical nose portion 40 for contacting the flank portion of another tooth proximate the pitch line. The upper end S0 of probe 38 makes contact wi-th a dial test indicator 52, generally graduated in mils (0.001 inches)~
The arms of probe 38 are as a general rule of equal leng~h, so that displacement or probe nose portion 30 by a certain amount produces an equal and opposite displacement oE
the remote probe nose portion 50.
Thus, by arranging the gauge on a ~irs-t pair or se-t of g~ar teeth (not necessarily adjoining each other) such that the probe noses 30, 40 respectively make contact on the respective tooth flank closely adjacent to or on the pitch line, whereby the gauge is stably supported b~ the feet portions 18, 20, and in this condition setting to zero a moveable bezel 54 of the dial -test indicator 52, the gauge is read~ for use. By transferring the gauge to a second pair or set of teeth any difference in pitch distance PD
between the first and the second set or teeth can then be read directly off the dial test indicator, in thousandths oE
an inch.
Referring to Fig. 3 there is illustrated a reEerence band 60 machined parallel with the pitch circle of the gear.
In Fig. 4 the gear is a rack or linear ~ear again having a reference band 60 machined on one end of the teeth thereof in a plane parallel with the pitch line.
Alternatively in Figs. 3 and 4, reference bands 65 may be provided on the body o~ the gear. In such instance, the gauge lO required the provision of suitabl~ extended legs 14, 16, or extensions thereto; in order to position the gauge 10 above the teeth in the manner shown in Fig, 2.
While the gauge lO is illustrated as being adju~table, it will be understood that a non-adjustable gauge ~a~ be utilized where large quantities of standard gearing are to be checked.
It is general practice to check a gear against the advancing tooth flank where driving contact normally occurs.
Furthermore, the pitch distance normall~ checked is a single pitch. Although in some instances a multiple pi-tch distance could be used particularly where higher aCcUrac~l .iS required . ~ .. . . . . . ... . .
Claims (6)
1. A manually portable gear pitch gauge apparatus for use with gears having spur teeth thereon, including a body portion, datum means for locating the body portion relative to the tip of a first gear tooth, cantilevered flank contact means extending from the body portion, having a first probe end to contact the flank of said tooth adjacent the pitch circle of the gear, adjustable probe means settable in contacting relation proximate the pitch circle against the face of another tooth at least one pitch distance away and indicator means connected with the adjustable probe means to provide an output responsive to variations in chord distance between said teeth, and the chord distances between other sets of teeth.
2. The gauge apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said adjustable probe means provides contact with the tooth adjoining said first tooth.
3. The gauge apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, said datum means being adjustable relative to said body portion, to provide adjustment of said flank contact means relative to said gear pitch circle.
4. The gauge apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, said adjustable probe being pivotally attached to said body portion, said indicator means comprising a dial test indicator in contacting relation with an end of said probe located from said probe on the side of said body opposite thereto.
5. The gear pitch gauge as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 3 or Claim 4, at least one of said flank contact means and said adjustable probe means being relatively adjustably moveable along the length of said gauge body, to permit utilization with gears of various pitch, extending over 6 a predetermined range of pitch.
6. The method of comparing the chordal pitch between adjacent teeth of a gear having spur teeth thereon, including the steps:
(a) locating a body portion of a gear pitch gauge relative to a tip of the gear;
(b) locating a first probe portion at the approximate flank mid-point of a first tooth;
(c) positioning an adjustable probe in contacting relations as substantially the mid-point of a second tooth flank, (d) contacting the adjustable probe with displacement indicating means to provide indication of the variation of the position of the adjustable probe relative to a median indicated position;
(e) relocating the gauge on an adjacent portion of the gear and repeating steps (a) through (d), and comparing the value of the respective variations in said indicating means as indication of variation in respective chordal distance between tooth faces to determine said variations in pitch.
(a) locating a body portion of a gear pitch gauge relative to a tip of the gear;
(b) locating a first probe portion at the approximate flank mid-point of a first tooth;
(c) positioning an adjustable probe in contacting relations as substantially the mid-point of a second tooth flank, (d) contacting the adjustable probe with displacement indicating means to provide indication of the variation of the position of the adjustable probe relative to a median indicated position;
(e) relocating the gauge on an adjacent portion of the gear and repeating steps (a) through (d), and comparing the value of the respective variations in said indicating means as indication of variation in respective chordal distance between tooth faces to determine said variations in pitch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA304,567A CA1096608A (en) | 1978-06-01 | 1978-06-01 | Gear pitch gauge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA304,567A CA1096608A (en) | 1978-06-01 | 1978-06-01 | Gear pitch gauge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096608A true CA1096608A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
Family
ID=4111595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA304,567A Expired CA1096608A (en) | 1978-06-01 | 1978-06-01 | Gear pitch gauge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1096608A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4852402A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-08-01 | Willy Hofler | Method and apparatus for checking or testing the profile of gear flanks, particularly of involute gears |
| CN102927887A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-13 | 东南大学 | Pitch variation measuring device for large-size straight toothed spur gear |
| CN108955488A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-12-07 | 王清凤 | A kind of internal gear angle, the measuring device for connecting distance and tooth pitch |
-
1978
- 1978-06-01 CA CA304,567A patent/CA1096608A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4852402A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-08-01 | Willy Hofler | Method and apparatus for checking or testing the profile of gear flanks, particularly of involute gears |
| CN102927887A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-13 | 东南大学 | Pitch variation measuring device for large-size straight toothed spur gear |
| CN108955488A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-12-07 | 王清凤 | A kind of internal gear angle, the measuring device for connecting distance and tooth pitch |
| CN108955488B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2020-07-10 | 浙江图元智能装备科技有限公司 | Measuring device for angle, connecting distance and tooth pitch of internal gear |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |