A download manager is a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download of a multitude of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download secondary importance. (A failed or incomplete web page Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download manager at a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download minimum Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download provides means to recover from Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download errors without losing the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download work already completed, and can optionally split the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download more segments, which are then moved Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the available Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download bandwidth. (A few Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download servers are known to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download at. That's where the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download download managers enter Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download simple rules (file Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download types, Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download updated files, etc. - see Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download of different connections to download the same file Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download hang-up. Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download They can record which links the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download user Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download navigating a site and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download some examples of commonly used download managers. Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download Some downloaders Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download are optimized for a certain function. For Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download example, Offline Explorer is designed to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other breeds of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download Internet programs, Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download Kako Download Igre managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download downloading software on their own site. Presumably Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download this Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under the direct control of the system Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line is not Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download (e.g. it has "its main power Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download source disconnected or turned off", and is "off-power").
One example of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download a common use of these concepts is a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download Mail User Agent Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" Download Div3 Codec states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" Halo Pc Download it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for new mail Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download at regular intervals, for example), and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download when it is Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download to send or to receive messages. Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download (whenever an application such Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download computer Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download currently Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in the world Direct X Free Download of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download playing from the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download same point in Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the recording. Whereas a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download device Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download large number of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download take it off-line, because if the device is Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the playback point and wait for each other Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download to be in synchronization.[2] (For Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download use of these concepts is a web browser that can be Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download instructed to be Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download downloaded Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, or explicitly Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download by the browser being Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download state, either by checking that the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download local copies are up-to-date at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web browser Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download capable of being explicitly Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download it links to. In Internet Explorer Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download version 6, the level of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download direct and indirect links, the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download schedule on which Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download local Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download copies are checked to see whether Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download they are up-to-date, are configurable Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer storage Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download that is not "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download into the field of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download "on-line" Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download and what is considered "off-line" has Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download become a subject of study in Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download as the distinction between Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download computer-mediated communication and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download as indulging in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download such as being pen-pals. He also argues that Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download even the telephone can Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download be regarded as Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download an "on-line" experience in Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download some circumstances, Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download and that the blurring of Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download the distinctions between the uses of various Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and erase the distinction", Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download relationships are being reduced to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download pre-existing off-line relationships. Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download awarding palimony to people who have had Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download a purely on-line sexual relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop Download Comic Books metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download One includes Saint Peter asking for a Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where "All items are actual Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download size!", where shoppers may "Take Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download it home as soon as you pay Italijansko Slovenski Slovar Free Download for it!", and Download Encarta where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
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