A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) Vista Download the Internet Vista Download for storage. This is unlike a World Vista Download Wide Web browser, which is Vista Download mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where Vista Download error-free moving of Vista Download files for permanent storage is of secondary Vista Download importance. (A failed or incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to Vista Download recover from errors without losing the work already completed, and can optionally split Vista Download the file to Vista Download be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, Vista Download which are then moved in Vista Download parallel, potentially Vista Download making the process faster Vista Download within the limits of the available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block Vista Download moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should Vista Download be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download managers enter Vista Download the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads Vista Download (especially Vista Download for very Vista Download large Vista Download files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, etc. - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, Vista Download and the handling Vista Download of different connections to download the same file more quickly Vista Download (segmented downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can Vista Download automatically dial Vista Download the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on Vista Download during the day, Vista Download and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by Vista Download resuming broken downloads, by Vista Download limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is Vista Download not overloaded, or by automatically navigating a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 Vista Download collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers Vista Download support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly Vista Download used download managers. Some downloaders are Vista Download optimized for a certain function. For Vista Download example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download Vista Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to Vista Download download managers are Vista Download two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox Vista Download VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created Vista Download to Vista Download give that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such Vista Download downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Vista Download Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support Vista Download costs to them. A possible reason is Vista Download increasing the control over redistribution Windows Media Download of their software (even when the software is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Vista Download Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". Vista Download To Halo Trial Download be Vista Download considered on-line, a device must Download Free Spybot be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another Vista Download device"
"Under the direct control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention"
"Connected Vista Download to a system, and is in Vista Download operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while Vista Download a device that Vista Download is off-line is not (e.g. Vista Download it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and Vista Download is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Vista Download Agent that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect Vista Download to mail servers (to check for new mail at regular intervals, for example), and when Download Programi it Vista Download is "off-line" it will not attempt Vista Download to make any such connections. The Vista Download "on-line" or "off-line" Vista Download state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running Vista Download and Internet. The Vista Download user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Or the computer Vista Download may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens Vista Download to Vista Download be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook to trigger making that call every 5 Vista Download or 10 Vista Download minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example Vista Download of the use Vista Download of these concepts is in the world Vista Download of digital audio technology. A Vista Download tape Vista Download recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" Vista Download is one whose clock is under the control of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master Vista Download commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas Vista Download a device that is "off-line" uses no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large Vista Download number Vista Download of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants Vista Download to hear just the output of one single device, to take it off-line, because if the device Vista Download is played back on-line all synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each Linux Xp Download other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related Vista Download discussion, Vista Download see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A Vista Download third example Vista Download of Vista Download a common use of Vista Download these concepts is a web browser that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst Vista Download in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of those pages that have previously been Vista Download downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also Vista Download off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, as a Vista Download result of prior on-line browsing by Vista Download the user, or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local Vista Download copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at Vista Download regular intervals or by checking that the local copies Vista Download are up-to-date whenever Vista Download the browser is switched Vista Download to the on-line state. One such Vista Download web browser capable of being Vista Download explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer Vista Download will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer Vista Download version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount Vista Download of Vista Download local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each Vista Download individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" Vista Download was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage Vista Download is computer storage that is not Vista Download "available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been Vista Download generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. Vista Download The distinction between what is Vista Download considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction between "on-line" Vista Download and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. Vista Download real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction is "obviously Vista Download far too simple". Vista Download To support his argument that Vista Download the distinctions in relationships are more complex than Vista Download a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging Vista Download in cybersex, and an "off-line" relationship, such as being Vista Download pen-pals. He Vista Download also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience Vista Download in some circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such Vista Download as PDA and Vista Download mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone Vista Download and Vista Download voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency Igra Tarok Download to assimilate online Vista Download to offline and erase the Vista Download distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line Vista Download relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line Vista Download relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as Vista Download "real" as their off-line counterparts), Vista Download although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who Vista Download have had a purely on-line sexual Vista Download relationship. He also conjectures that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen Vista Download by people as Vista Download "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes Zastonj Download Emule inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, Vista Download rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way Vista Download around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have Vista Download satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking for a Vista Download user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the off-line store" where Vista Download "All items are actual size!", where shoppers may "Take it home as soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled Vista Download prior to purchase!". |
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