A download manager is a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse Form W Download web pages, composed of a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of files for permanent storage is of secondary Form W Download importance. Form W Download (A failed or Form W Download incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing Form W Download the work already Form W Download completed, and can optionally split the Form W Download file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or Form W Download more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the available Form W Download bandwidth. (A few Form W Download servers are known to Form W Download block moving files in parallel segments, on the principle that server capacity should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the name given to files that are downloaded in parallel.
There are several Form W Download things that some web browsers are not very good at. That's where the download Form W Download managers enter the equation:
Pausing the Form W Download downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or paused downloads (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on Form W Download poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site automatically according to simple rules (file types, updated files, Form W Download etc. Form W Download - see Form W Download also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file more quickly (segmented downloading).
Download managers are Form W Download useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically Form W Download dial the internet service provider at night, when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the Form W Download specified files, and Download Season Of Sakura hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, Form W Download and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by Form W Download automatically navigating a site and downloading Form W Download pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically Form W Download downloading whole sites and Form W Download regularly Form W Download updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. Form W Download For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Form W Download Go!Zilla, were among the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related Form W Download to download managers are two other breeds of Internet programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed Form W Download to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give Form W Download that control to content distributors instead. Some software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software Form W Download on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability and reduces tech support costs to them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even Form W Download when the software Form W Download is freeware).In computer Form W Download technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are defined by Federal Standard 1037C. Form W Download They are states or conditions of a "device or Form W Download equipment" Form W Download or of "a Form W Download functional unit". To be Download Calendar considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control of another device"
"Under Form W Download the direct control of the system with which it is Form W Download associated"
"Available Form W Download for immediate use on demand by the system without human Form W Download intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while Full Music Video Download a device that is off-line is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", and is Form W Download "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Mail User Agent that Form W Download can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such MUA is Microsoft Outlook. Form W Download When it Form W Download is "on-line" it will attempt to Form W Download connect Form W Download to mail servers (to check for new mail Form W Download at regular intervals, for example), and when Form W Download it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state Form W Download of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected Form W Download to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL connection, Form W Download but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, so that it makes no attempt to send or to receive messages. Form W Download Or the computer may be configured to employ a dial-up connection on demand (whenever an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but the connection may be an expensive telephone call from the particular location in which the computer currently happens to be (such as Form W Download a Form W Download hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook Form W Download to trigger making that call every 5 Form W Download or 10 minutes to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in Form W Download the world of digital audio technology. Form W Download A tape recorder, digital editor, or other device that is "on-line" is one whose clock is under the control Form W Download of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. When the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes Form W Download itself to the master and commences Form W Download playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is Form W Download "off-line" uses no external clock reference Form W Download and Form W Download relies upon its own internal Form W Download clock. When a large number of devices are connected to a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants Form W Download to hear just the output of one single device, to Form W Download take it off-line, because if the device is played back Form W Download on-line all Form W Download synchronized devices have to Nero Smart Burning Download Free locate the playback point and wait for each Form W Download other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example of a common use of these concepts is a web browser that can Form W Download be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. Form W Download The Form W Download browser only Form W Download attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst in the Form W Download "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using Form W Download local copies of those pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in Form W Download the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the web browser's own cache, Form W Download as a result of prior on-line Form W Download browsing by the user, or explicitly by the Form W Download browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser Form W Download is in the on-line state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date Form W Download at regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such Form W Download web browser capable Form W Download of Form W Download being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are added Form W Download to the "Favourites" list, they can be marked for being made "available for offline Free Windows Xp Download browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies Form W Download both the marked page and, optionally, all of the Form W Download pages that it links to. Form W Download In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for each individual "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most Form W Download recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only Form W Download now Form W Download supports single web page saving, but not browsing or storing Form W Download an entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line storage is computer Form W Download storage that is not "available for immediate use on demand Form W Download by the system Form W Download without human intervention", i.e it is Form W Download storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized from computing and telecommunication into the field of Free Halo Download human interpersonal relationships. The distinction between what is considered "on-line" Form W Download and what is considered Rpg Maker Games To Download "off-line" Form W Download has become a subject of study in the field of Form W Download sociology.[7]
The distinction Form W Download between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. Form W Download face time), respectively. "On-line" Form W Download is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states Form W Download that this distinction is "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex Form W Download than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction Form W Download between an "on-line" relationship, such Form W Download as indulging in cybersex, and Form W Download an Download Divx "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience Free Download Nero Burner in some circumstances, and that the Form W Download blurring of Form W Download the distinctions between the uses of various technologies Form W Download (such as PDA and mobile Form W Download telephone, television and Internet, and telephone and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term Form W Download 'on-line' meaningfully in the sense that was employed by the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency Form W Download to assimilate online to offline and Form W Download erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being Form W Download reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may be Form W Download assigned to on-line Form W Download relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine courts awarding palimony to people who have had a purely on-line sexual relationship. He Form W Download also conjectures Form W Download that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may Form W Download be Form W Download seen by people as "rather quaint and not Form W Download quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where "on-line" is seen as virtuality and "off-line" as reality is sometimes inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain Form W Download "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the Form W Download desktop metaphor with its desktops, Form W Download trash cans, Form W Download folders, and so forth) the other way around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Form W Download Saint Peter asking for a user name and a password before Form W Download admitting a Form W Download man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the Form W Download off-line store" Form W Download where "All items are actual size!", where shoppers Form W Download may "Take it home as soon Form W Download as you Form W Download pay for it!", and where Form W Download "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
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