An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the Bb9 Nude workers Bb9 Nude in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or Bb9 Nude a Bb9 Nude set rate per pay period. A salaried employee is Bb9 Nude typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single Bb9 Nude employers, but most Bb9 Nude of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of Nude Pictures Kim Smith an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over Bb9 Nude the productive Bb9 Nude base of land and capital, and is Bb9 Nude the entity named in contracts. The employer typically Bb9 Nude also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a Bb9 Nude function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors Bb9 Nude to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance of Bb9 Nude economic efficiency and social Bb9 Nude equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining Bb9 Nude a balance with Bb9 Nude the Illegal Young Nude employee and creating Bb9 Nude social equity that benefits Bb9 Nude the worker so that Bb9 Nude he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; Nn Nude Pt proves to be a continuous revolving issue Bb9 Nude in westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly Bb9 Nude industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled Bb9 Nude workers in industrialized countries. Imports from Bb9 Nude low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing Bb9 Nude sector Bb9 Nude in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away Bb9 Nude from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will Bb9 Nude result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as Bb9 Nude job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job Bb9 Nude opportunities in new industries. Workers will be Sapphire Nude forced to accept worsening Bb9 Nude wages and conditions, as a global labour market Bb9 Nude results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization Bb9 Nude reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and Bb9 Nude the ability of the Bb9 Nude state Tila Tequila Nude Photo to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in Rena Maro Nude industrialized countries an average of almost Bb9 Nude 70 Bb9 Nude per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled Bb9 Nude an develop sought Bb9 Nude after trades or become Bb9 Nude of this Bb9 Nude sector. Ultimately this is a result Bb9 Nude of changes and trends Bb9 Nude of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing Bb9 Nude highly diverse labour Natlie Portman Nude force, that are growing in non standard forms of Donna Mills Nude Photos employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect Bb9 Nude of financial markets Bb9 Nude on Bb9 Nude businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control can Bb9 Nude as being either output focused, focusing Bb9 Nude on desired targets with Bb9 Nude within managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner Bb9 Nude in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control Bb9 Nude within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between Bb9 Nude desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as Bb9 Nude decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity Bb9 Nude in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the Bb9 Nude third and Bb9 Nude most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively Sexy Nude Models For Artists manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that Bb9 Nude which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, Bb9 Nude p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates Bb9 Nude on this, noting motivation as �something Bb9 Nude that moves Bb9 Nude a person to action, and Bb9 Nude continues him in the course of action Bb9 Nude already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three Bb9 Nude facets are often Bb9 Nude in direct competition with each other, with Bb9 Nude interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
